Exam 1 Ex Phys
Which of the following general statements about step counts and physical activity in healthy adults is false? 5,000 daily steps is an approximate threshold for being physically active 7,000 + daily steps appears to be associated with improved health 10,000 is a firm step count goal that all people should achieve on a daily basis vigorous-intensity physical activity is associated with a stepping cadence of 130 steps/minute
10,000 is a firm step count goal that all people should achieve on a daily basis
Given: A 50-year-old man with a resting heart rate of 70 beats/min and a maximal HR of 180 beats/min. What is the target heart rate range as determined by the percentage of maximal heart rate method if exercise intensity is set at 60-80% HRmax? 108-144 beats/min 72-108 beats/min 178-214 beats/min 144-178 beats/min
108-144 beats/min
Following a single bout of resistance exercise training, muscle protein synthesis can remain elevated above sedentary levels for as much as ______ in both trained and untrained individuals. 10-15 hours 15-20 hours 20-25 hours 35-50 hours
35-50 hours
High responders to endurance exercise training (i.e., individuals that achieve large increases in VO 2 max) can achieve up to ______% improvement in VO 2 max following a prolonged and intense training program. 20 35 50 90
50
To realize health benefits of physical activity, adults should perform _____________. 120-180 minutes of moderate physical activity per week 75-300 minutes of moderate physical activity per week 75-150 minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity per week None of these answers are correct
75-150 minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity per week
Exercise guidelines indicate vigorous-intensity physical activity should be performed at least ____ minutes/week, while moderate-intensity physical activity be performed at least ____ minutes/week. 150; 75 75; 150 300; 150 150; 300
75; 150
In response to an increase in inflammatory factors, the liver releases IL-6 adiponectin C-reactive protein Both IL-6 and adiponectin are correct answers
C-reactive protein
Identify whether "body composition" is classified as a health-related or sport/skill related aspect of fitness. Health-related Skill/sport-related
Health-related
Type II diabetics often exhibit a number of risk factors for coronary heart disease including __________________. hypertension and inactivity obesity and cancer high HDL cholesterol All of these answers are correct
hypertension and inactivity
Which of the following factors contribute to the endurance exercise training-induced improvement in VO2max? increased maximal cardiac output increased type II fibers increased maximal heart rate increased peripheral resistance
increased maximal cardiac output
Endurance training has been shown to reduce the oxygen deficit in subjects performing a bout of submaximal exercise. This is likely due to an increased maximal cardiac output. increases in the number of mitochondria and capillaries. a decreased resting heart rate. a greater anaerobic capacity.
increases in the number of mitochondria and capillaries.
Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain why concurrent endurance and resistance (strength) training impedes strength development compared to strength training alone. Which of the following mechanisms has been proposed to explain why concurrent training impedes strength development? Neural factors Increased mitochondrial density activation of phosphatidic acid (PA) by endurance training increased activation of Rheb by endurance training
Neural Factors
The clustering of two or more diseases is called: a comorbidity cardiovascular disease risk factors a life-style related condition
a comorbidity
The term hyperplasia refers to muscle hypertrophy an increase in muscle plasticity an increase in the total number of muscle fibers None of these is correct
an increase in the total number of muscle fibers
Endurance exercise training results in an increase in mitochondria volume within skeletal muscle fibers. The process of synthesizing mitochondria in cells is called ______. mitophagy mitochondrial biogenesis mitochondrial proteostasis none of these answers is correct
mitochondrial biogenesis
The removal of damaged mitochondria in skeletal muscle and other cells is called mitogenesis. mitophagy. mitochondria endocytosis. mitochondrial exocytosis.
mitophagy.
During the first 8 weeks of a resistance training program, the initial increase in muscular strength is primarily due to neural adaptations. muscle fiber hypertrophy. muscle fiber hyperplasia. Both muscle fiber hypertrophy and muscle fiber hyperplasia are correct.
neural adaptations.
Which of the following factors contribute to the endurance exercise training-induced increases in fat metabolism during exercise? slower blood flow in muscle increased fat storage in the liver decreased FFA transporters decreased beta oxidation enzymes
slower blood flow in muscle
Endurance training results in increased mitochondrial and capillary density in muscle but has no effect on muscle glycolytic capacity. This is an example of what training principle? overload specificity reversibility progression
specificity
Following several weeks of endurance exercise training, the capacity to transport glucose into skeletal muscle fibers is increased. Which of the following training-induced changes contribute to this training effect? an increase in mitochondria within muscle fibers the increase in the number of GLUT4 glucose transporters an increase in circulating catecholamines a decrease in circulating insulin
the increase in the number of GLUT4 glucose transporters
Neural drive is defined as the magnitude of the efferent neural output from the central nervous system to the motor units and the muscle fibers that they activate the size of the motor units activated during muscular contraction the amount of afferent feedback to the central nervous system during exercise the amplitude of the neural output from the cerebellum during exercise
the magnitude of the efferent neural output from the central nervous system to the motor units and the muscle fibers that they activate
It is established that low-grade inflammation is linked to a wide variety of chronic diseases. Which of the following diseases is linked to chronic inflammation? osteopenia sarcopenia type 2 diabetes All of these answers are correct
type 2 diabetes
Volume is considered one of the training principles variables
variables
Given: A 50-year-old man with a resting heart rate of 70 beats/min and a maximal HR of 180 beats/min. What is heart rate reserve (HRR)? 110 beats/min 100 beats/min 120 beats/min 130 beats/min
110 beats/min
Given: A 50-year-old man with a resting heart rate of 70 beats/min and a maximal HR of 180 beats/min. What is the target heart rate range as determined by the heart rate reserve method if exercise intensity is set at 40-60% HRR? 44-66 beats/min 66 - 114 beats/min 114 - 136 beats/min 136 - 144 beats/min
114 - 136 beats/min
Endurance exercise training programs (e.g., 3 days/week @ 60% VO 2 max for 12 weeks) typically results in a ______. 1-5% improvement in VO 2 max 5-10% improvement in VO 2 max 15-25% improvement in VO 2 max 40-60% improvement in VO 2 max
15-25% improvement in VO 2 max
In the VoPP, Dr. Magyari presented information from a study that was conducted at UF that measured the VO2max in sedentary male and female college students attending UF. In this study, the average VO2max in sedentary young men and women was 25 ml/kg/min 30 ml/kg/min 35 ml/kg/min 40 ml/kg/min
25 ml/kg/min
Four-to-ten weeks of anaerobic training (high intensity exercise lasting 10-30 seconds) can increase the peak anaerobic capacity by ______ across individuals. 3-25% 30-40% 50-60% 65-75%
3-25%
According to the textbook (that cited a European study), the average VO2max value for the young (e.g., 21 years old) male sedentary population is approximately 22 ml • kg -1 • min -1. 35 ml • kg -1 • min -1. 45 ml • kg -1 • min -1. 83 ml • kg -1 • min -1.
45 ml • kg -1 • min -1.
Type I diabetes typically develops early in life and represents about _____% of those with diabetes. 1 5 10 25
5
Heritability (i.e., genetics) determines approximately _____% of VO 2 max variability in sedentary adults. 20 30 50 90
50
A single bout of resistance exercise training increases muscle protein synthesis by as much as ______% above resting levels? 20-30 35-45 50-150 200-300
50-150
It is recommended that MVPA should be performed for approximately _____ MET-min/week. 75-150 150-300 300-500 500-1000
500-1000
In general, an optimal aerobic exercise training intensity to improve VO 2 max is ______. 20-30% VO 2 max 30-45% VO 2 max 50-60 VO 2 max 60-80 VO 2 max
60-80 VO 2 max
It is estimated that _______% of the differences in muscle mass between individuals can be explained by genetic variation. 30 50 80 90
80
The majority of epidemiological studies observe a greater reduction in the risk of developing cardiovascular disease with an aerobic exercise training intensity ______. between 1-3 mets between 3-4 mets between 4-5 mets >6 mets
>6 mets
In general, the risk of orthopedic and cardiac complications associated with exercise training increases at exercise intensities ____________. of 50-60% VO 2 max of 60-70% VO 2 max >80% VO 2 max None of these answers is correct
>80% VO 2 max
Which of the following factors contribute to the initial decline in VO2max observed during the first 12 days of detraining? A decrease in maximal heart rate A decrease in the maximal arterial-venous O 2 difference A decrease in maximal stroke volume None of these is correct
A decrease in maximal stroke volume
Which of the following does NOT summarize a fitness variable that is improved by regularly performing both aerobic exercise and strength exercise? insulin sensitivity and glucose control submaximal exercise rate pressure product and resting BP resting metabolic rate All of these answers are correct
All of these answers are correct
Epidemiological studies confirm that regular physical activity reduces the risk of developing coronary heart disease. lowers the risk of all-cause mortality. reduces the risk of heart disease in both smokers and hypertensive individuals. All of these answers are correct.
All of these answers are correct.
Increased production of radicals in skeletal muscles during periods of prolonged inactivity (prolonged bedrest) promotes muscle atrophy because: oxidative stress activates proteases in muscle fibers oxidative stress decreases protein synthesis in muscle fibers oxidative stress prevents mTOR activation All of these are correct
All of these are correct
Which of the following statements are true about the effect of endurance training or detraining on mitochondria volume in human skeletal muscle? Five weeks of endurance training can increase skeletal muscle mitochondrial volume by two times about normal. Seven days of detraining can reduce mitochondrial volume by 50% below the trained level. After a period of detraining, approximately 4 weeks of retraining is required to regain the lost mitochondrial volume. All of these are true.
All of these are true.
The relative risk ratio (i.e., chance) of developing coronary heart disease due to physical inactivity is about _________. 1.0 1.9 2.9 5.0
1.9
Oxidative stress occurs when free radicals accumulate and react with cellular components. oxygen reacts with hemoglobin. oxyhemoglobin saturation reaches 80%. None of these answers is correct.
free radicals accumulate and react with cellular components.
Using the FITT principle, the volume of exercise performed can be computed as ____________. exercise intensity × time mean exercise heart rate × time × frequency frequency × intensity × time None of these answers is correct
frequency × intensity × time
When compared to resistance exercise training, aerobic exercise training generally results in ____________. greater increases in both lean body mass and muscle mass greater improvements in both mitochondrial volume and mitochondrial density greater improvements in the reduction of total body fat and muscular strength None of these answers is correct
greater improvements in both mitochondrial volume and mitochondrial density
Which of the following variables is the least sensitive to exercise (training)? blood pressure heart rate VO 2 max high-density lipoproteins (HDL)
high-density lipoproteins (HDL)
A single bout of resistance exercise training results in an increase in skeletal muscle protein synthesis. This exercise-induced increase in muscle protein synthesis can occur within _____ following the exercise session. seconds minutes hours days
hours
Following an acute bout of endurance exercise training, the increase in mitochondrial biogenesis occurs within _____ following the completion of the exercise session. seconds minutes hours days
hours
Which of the following risk factors for coronary heart disease CAN be changed? age family history hypertension All of these answers are correct
hypertension
A 30-year-old woman achieves her target heart rate on a hot humid day by jogging at 6 mph. If she were to exercise on a cool day with low humidity, she would have to maintain the speed of her run to achieve her target heart rate decrease the speed of her run to achieve her target heart rate increase the speed of her run to achieve her target heart rate None of these answers is correct
increase the speed of her run to achieve her target heart rate
Which of the following physiological factors contributes to the endurance exercise training-induced increase in the maximal a-vO 2 difference? decreased mitochondria volume in the muscle increased capillaries in the muscle increased hemoglobin in the blood decreased muscle blood flow
increased capillaries in the muscle
Which of the following factors contributes to the endurance exercise training-induced improvement in stroke volume during exercise? increased afterload increased peripheral resistance increased cardiac contractility decreased end diastolic volume
increased cardiac contractility
Which of the following endurance training adaptations results in lower lactate production in the contracting muscles? increased glycogen utilization increased H4 form of LDH decreased mitochondrial uptake of pyruvate decreased mitochondrial number
increased glycogen utilization
Which of the following endurance training adaptations assist in maintaining acid-base balance during exercise? increased mitochondrial volume in skeletal muscle increased M 4 form of LDH increased glycolytic capacity decreased beta oxidation capacity
increased mitochondrial volume in skeletal muscle
Which of the following training adaptations occurs in skeletal muscles following 4-10 weeks of anaerobic exercise training? increased muscle buffer capacity decreased activities of myokinase and creatine phosphokinase decreased activities of key glycolytic enzymes None of these answers is correct
increased muscle buffer capacity
Physical inactivity is considered to be a(n) _____________ risk factor for coronary heart disease. interdependent co-dependent independent none of these answers is correct
independent
Following an acute bout of endurance exercise training, the rise in the activity of calcinuneurin, calmodulin kinase, and AMP kinases occurs within _____ following the exercise session. seconds minutes hours days
minutes
The phenomenon that previous strength training accelerates the re-acquisition of both muscular strength and hypertrophy is commonly referred to as _________. motor learning the boomerang effect satellite cell phenomenon muscle memory
muscle memory
Muscles receive a neural activation signal from motor neurons located in the spinal cord. This neural signal is referred to as ________. motor learning efferent control neural drive motor endplate activation
neural drive
The frequency of exercise can be best described in terms of number of minutes of exercise. number of days per week. total kilocalories (kcal) expended. total kcal expended per kilogram body weight.
number of days per week.
Which of the following risk factors for coronary heart disease CAN be modified? family history obesity age race
obesity
The metabolic syndrome describes connections between oxidative stress, hypotension, and obesity. obesity, oxidative stress, and hyperglycemia. obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. None of these answers is correct.
obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.
A condition that is regarded as a contributing cause of Type 2 diabetes is obesity. too much sugar in the diet. a high-protein diet. extremely low body weight.
obesity.
Which of the following are classified as an inflammatory cytokine and or a biomarker of inflammation? TNF-α adiponectin C-reactive protein Both TNF-α and C-reactive protein are correct answers
Both TNF-α and C-reactive protein are correct answers
The reason that HR can be used to estimate aerobic exercise intensity is that HR and the VO 2 cost of muscular activity are linearly related to workload. HR accurately reflects exercise workload once a person is approximately 20 years of age. most people do not understand the concept of RPE, so HR is the best option. All of these are correct statements about HR and aerobic exercise intensity estimations.
HR and the VO 2 cost of muscular activity are linearly related to workload.
Identify whether "flexibility" is classified as a health-related or sport/skill related aspect of fitness. Health-related Skill/sport-related
Health-related
Identify whether "muscular strength" is classified as a health-related or sport/skill related aspect of fitness. Health-related Skill/sport-related
Health-related
In the Exercise Prescription Diary article, did the exercise professional foster a positive view of exercise in his client? Yes, she progressed from being sedentary to being a life-long exerciser. Yes, she made so much progress, she signed up for another month of personal training. No, the trainer was too conservative and she lost interest. No, by the end of the week, she never wanted to go to a gym again.
No, by the end of the week, she never wanted to go to a gym again.
Which of the following statements about resistance training is NOT true? The loss of strength in older adults is due, in part, to a loss of muscle mass. Resistance training in older adults results in a smaller increase in muscle protein synthesis following a bout of exercise. Resistance training results in strength gains in people of all ages. None of these statements are Not true.
None of these statements are Not true.
In the VoPP, Dr Magyari talked about the impact of load on resistance training set volume. Which of the following is correct? There is a positive relationship. As load goes up, so does volume. There is a negative relationship, as load goes up, volume goes down. No relationship, Training load does not impact volume.
There is a negative relationship, as load goes up, volume goes down.
For a given person, 80% of HRR is __________________ to 80% HRmax. a lower intensity as compared a higher intensity as compared an equal exercise intensity None of these is correct
a higher intensity as compared
Which of the following individuals would gain the greatest health benefits from changing their level of physical activity? a sedentary person who becomes moderately active a moderately active person who becomes more active both of these would experience the same health benefit None of these answers is correct
a sedentary person who becomes moderately active
Many heart attacks and strokes occur because of a gradual occlusion of an artery. a collection of red blood cells that block blood flow. a sudden rupture of plaque that triggers a blood clot. None of these answers is correct.
a sudden rupture of plaque that triggers a blood clot.
Several factors contribute to neural drive. Which one of the following factors is NOT a contributor to neural drive? total number of motor units activated the firing rate of the motor neuron activation of the Golgi tendon organ motor unit synchronization
activation of the Golgi tendon organ
The enhanced capacity of the trained muscle to use fatty acids as a fuel results in increased uptake of fatty acids. decreased utilization of muscle glycogen. sparing of blood glucose. all of these answers are correct.
all of these answers are correct.
Which of the following physical activity intensity categories is listed incorrectly? Low-intensity physical activity (LPA) = 1 .1 - 2.9 METs Moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA) = 3 - 5.9 METs Vigorous-intensity physical activity (VPA) = 6 + METs all of these are correct
all of these are correct
The principle of specificity of training refers to the fact that exercise training is specific to the muscles involved in the activity. the fiber types recruited. the principal energy system (i.e., aerobic vs. anaerobic) involved in the activity. all of these are correct.
all of these are correct.
A muscle (i.e., prime mover) that results in movement of a limb in the desired direction is labeled as _____________. an antagonist an agonist a promoter none of these is correct
an agonist
Resistance training results in an increase in the rate of contractile protein synthesis which is matched by _________________. an increase in mitochondrial protein synthesis an increase in the expansion of the sarcoplasmic reticulum a decrease in synthesis of antioxidant enzymes an increase in the synthesis of collagen in tendons and ligaments
an increase in the synthesis of collagen in tendons and ligaments
Physical activity is defined as exercise that is associated with limited health benefits. daily activities below a 3 MET exercise intensity. exercise designed to improve cardiovascular fitness. any form of muscular activity.
any form of muscular activity.
Regular exercise training provides numerous health-related benefits. The two health-related benefits that are the MOST responsive to exercise are blood pressure and resting heart rate. blood pressure and capillary number. blood pressure and insulin sensitivity. blood pressure and lipid profile.
blood pressure and insulin sensitivity.
Prolonged inactivity of skeletal muscle leads to rapid muscle atrophy; this occurs due to: a decrease in muscle protein synthesis increased protein breakdown in muscle fibers both a decrease in muscle protein synthesis and increased protein breakdown in muscle fibers are correct None of these is correct
both a decrease in muscle protein synthesis and increased protein breakdown in muscle fibers are correct
The increase in VO 2 max that occurs following 16 months of endurance exercise training results from an increase in the maximal a-vO 2 difference. an increase in maximal cardiac output. an increase in the maximal heart rate. both an increase in the maximal a-vO 2 difference and an increase in maximal cardiac output are correct.
both an increase in the maximal a-vO 2 difference and an increase in maximal cardiac output are correct.
It is established that resistance exercise training promotes an increase in muscle protein synthesis by activating the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) which results in increased protein synthesis. Recent evidence suggests that two signaling molecules interact to directly activate mTOR. These molecules are: IGF-1 and Akt IGF-1 and phosphatidic acid IGF-1 and Ras homologue enriched brain (Rheb) phosphatidic acid and Ras homologue enriched brain (Rheb)
phosphatidic acid and Ras homologue enriched brain (Rheb)
Which of the following statements are true regarding the impact of regular physical activity on health? physically active people have lower rates of all-cause mortality physically active people have lower HDL levels physically active older adults experience more falls due to the increased activity All of these answers are correct
physically active people have lower rates of all-cause mortality
Exercise is defined as ____________. planned physical activity with the goal of improving or maintaining fitness any form of muscular activity any form of resistance exercise any form of physical activity
planned physical activity with the goal of improving or maintaining fitness
A drop in blood pressure in the minutes following a bout of steady state aerobic exercise is called: vasodilation post-exercise vasodilation hypotension post-exercise hypotension
post-exercise hypotension
Overload is considered one of the training principles variables
principles
Aging is associated with a decline in strength, with most of the decline occurring after age 50. The loss of strength is due, in part, to a loss of muscle mass; this age-related loss of muscle mass is termed sarcopenia. cachexia. myodystopia. myopenia
sarcopenia.
When an elevation in blood biomarkers highlight one's risk for chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, but are not directly diagnostic for those conditions, it is said that the risk factors are modifiable. lifestyle related. heritable. sensitive but not specific for disease.
sensitive but not specific for disease.
According to the VoPP, a person is more likely to experience muscle breakdown > muscle synthesis, accompanied by prolonged muscle soreness during which of the following exercise scenarios? sedentary, no exercise accustomed exercise overload in the "sweet spot" severe overload
severe overload
By comparison to the rate of detraining following endurance training, the rate of detraining (i.e., loss of muscular strength) following a resistance training program is _________. slower faster approximately equal extremely rapid with 90% of the strength loss occurring within the first 10 days of detraining
slower
Which of the following is an example of an environmental risk factor? age socioeconomic factors poor nutrition inactivity
socioeconomic factors
Cross-sectional studies demonstrate that the physiological variable responsible for the large variation in VO 2 max across the normal (untrained) population is maximal heart rate. stroke volume. arteriovenous O 2 difference. systolic blood pressure.
stroke volume.
Several hormones have the potential to increase muscle protein synthesis. These include: testosterone, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and growth hormone testosterone, cortisol, and growth hormone insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), glucocorticoids, and growth hormone testosterone, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and parathyroid hormone
testosterone, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and growth hormone
According to the FITT principle, the letter "I" signifies "interval" training. the "interval" or time between exercise sessions. the "intensity" of exercise. exercise "interests"
the "intensity" of exercise. exercise "interests"
An important physiological factor that may contribute to the inhibition of motor unit activation during resistance training is the muscle spindle the inhibitory neurotransmitter acetylcholine the Golgi tendon organ both the muscle spindle and the Golgi tendon organ are correct
the Golgi tendon organ
Growing evidence reveals that, independent of resistance exercise, ____________ can activate mTOR and promote small increases in muscle protein synthesis. the amino acid taurine the amino acid leucine an increase in the muscle levels of TSC2 all of these are correct
the amino acid leucine
The term cross-education refers to the observation that if one limb engages in resistance training, muscular strength increases in the untrained (contralateral) limb the observation that if one limb engages in resistance training, muscular strength does NOT increase in the untrained (contralateral) limb the observation that if one limb engages in resistance training, muscular strength decreases in the untrained (contralateral) limb None of these is true
the observation that if one limb engages in resistance training, muscular strength increases in the untrained (contralateral) limb
The heart rate and ventilatory responses to constant load submaximal exercise are lower (i.e., lower heart rate and lower minute ventilation) following an endurance training program. This training-induced adaptation is primarily due to changes in the central nervous system. carotid bodies. trained skeletal muscles. lungs.
trained skeletal muscles.
In resting skeletal muscle fibers, Ras homologue enriched brain (Rheb) activation of mTOR is inhibited by ______. phosphatidic acid tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) IGF-1 none of these answers is correct
tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2)
Resistance training increases the specific force production of ________. type I muscle fibers type IIa muscle fibers type IIx muscle fibers all muscle fiber types
type I muscle fibers
Research reveals that resistance training induced muscle hypertrophy is associated with an increase in myonuclei. The source of these additional myonuclei is _____________. from circulating stem cells that attach to muscle fibers via the division of existing nuclei in the muscle fibers via hyperplasia resulting in the addition of new muscle fibers via satellite cell activation
via satellite cell activation
Based on the figure presented in the text for the Training, Detraining, and Retraining RT study, which skeletal muscle fiber type consistently had the smallest CSA? Type IIx Type IIa Type 1 None, all fiber type had th same CSA
Type IIx
In theory, concurrent resistance and endurance exercise training can impair muscle protein synthesis following a bout of resistance exercise. The proposed mechanism to explain this inhibition is _____________________________________. AMP kinase activation of TSC2 AMP kinase activation of mTOR AMP kinase activation of PGC-1α p38 activation of TSC2
AMP kinase activation of TSC2
The relationship between regular physical activity and cancer prevention is best described by which of the following? The strength of evidence to indicate that physical activity prevents many types of cancer is weak to moderate. Physically activity individuals can lower their changes of contracting many major forms of cancer by 12%-25%. There is little evidence of a dose response between the amount of physical activity someone performs and their likelihood of preventing many major forms of cancer. The relationship between physical activity and cancer prevention is too individualized to make generalized conclusions about disease occurrence.
Physically activity individuals can lower their changes of contracting many major forms of cancer by 12%-25%.
Which of the following is not a method that is useful for prescribing the recommended intensity of exercise training? %HRR. %VO 2R. RPE. the onset of sweating.
the onset of sweating.
The addition of myonuclei to growing muscle fibers ______________. appears to be essential for optimal muscle hypertrophy in response to resistance training is clearly NOT essential for optimal muscle hypertrophy in response to resistance training is likely required to maintain the high level of transcriptional capacity needed to synthesize muscle proteins and allow muscle fibers to grow during resistance training Both appears to be essential for optimal muscle hypertrophy in response to resistance training and is likely required to maintain the high level of transcriptional capacity needed to synthesize muscle proteins and allow muscle fibers to grow during resistance training are correct
Both appears to be essential for optimal muscle hypertrophy in response to resistance training and is likely required to maintain the high level of transcriptional capacity needed to synthesize muscle proteins and allow muscle fibers to grow during resistance training are correct
During the first four months of an endurance exercise training program, the initial increase in VO 2 max is primarily due to neural adaptations. increases in stroke volume. increases in maximal cardiac output. Both increases in stroke volume and increases in maximal cardiac output are correct.
Both increases in stroke volume and increases in maximal cardiac output are correct.
Exercise at high altitude (e.g., >7,000 feet above sea level) could result in reduced oxygen bound to hemoglobin. a decrease in resting heart rate. an increase in the heart rate response to a fixed level of exercise. Both reduced oxygen bound to hemoglobin and an increase in the heart rate response to a fixed level of exercise are correct.
Both reduced oxygen bound to hemoglobin and an increase in the heart rate response to a fixed level of exercise are correct.
An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is used to test the body's acute insulin response to a controlled amount of sugar ingestion. Which of the following correctly describes the OGTT response in various types of individuals? Severe diabetics experience an insulin spike within the first hour of the OGTT. Prediabetic individuals experience an extended duration insulin spike of several hours. Normal individuals experience a small rise in insulin, but no spike in the hormone. All of these responses correctly describe the OGTT response in groups of diabetics and non-diabetics.
Prediabetic individuals experience an extended duration insulin spike of several hours.
Identify whether "balance" is classified as a health-related or sport/skill related aspect of fitness. Health-related Skill/sport-related
Skill/sport-related
Identify whether "power" is classified as a health-related or sport/skill related aspect of fitness. Health-related Skill/sport-related
Skill/sport-related
Which of the following blood pressure categories is NOT listed correctly below? Normal = <120 mm Hg and <80 mm Hg Elevated = 120-129 mm Hg and < 80 mm Hg Stage 1 Hypertension = 130-139 mm Hg or > 90 mm Hg Stage 2 Hypertension = >140 mm Hg or >90 mm Hg
Stage 1 Hypertension = 130-139 mm Hg or > 90 mm Hg
What was the impact of overload and progression in the Exercise Prescription Diary article? The client was progressed to rapidly and developed too much muscle soreness. The progression was too slow and the client lost interest. The progression was just right and the client signed up for more personal training.
The client was progressed to rapidly and developed too much muscle soreness.
The risk of cardiac complications during exercise is directly related to the degree of pre-existing cardiac disease. higher in women compared to men. independent of the presence of heart disease. None of these answers is correct.
directly related to the degree of pre-existing cardiac disease.
Resistance training results in a __________________. fast-to-slow shift in muscle fiber types slow-to-fast shift in muscle fiber types decrease in the number of slow muscle fibers None of these is correct
fast-to-slow shift in muscle fiber types
Atherosclerosis results in the deposition of plaque in the inner lining of an artery. The first steps that "trigger" the initial formation of atherosclerotic plaque include ______________. the formation of foam cells following by a fatty streak the formation of connective tissue followed by a fibrous cap over the fatty core of the plaque inflammation within the artery following by production of adhesion molecules and the attraction of monocytes None of these answers is correct
inflammation within the artery following by production of adhesion molecules and the attraction of monocytes
Risk factors for chronic disease can be divided into three categories. These include _____________. inherited/biological, age, and gender inherited/biological, environmental, and gender inherited/biological, environmental, and behavioral inherited/biological, age, and behavioral
inherited/biological, environmental, and behavioral
Post-exercise hypotension can be clinically problematic when it produces symptoms such as lightheadedness and dizziness. systolic BP dips below 120 mm Hg. diastolic BP dips below 80 mm Hg. None of these answers is correct.
it produces symptoms such as lightheadedness and dizziness.
When maximal strength gain is the principal goal of the strength training program, current evidence suggests that single-set protocols are not effective in promoting increases in maximal strength. more effective than multiple-set protocols. less effective than multiple-set protocols. equally effective as multiple-set protocols.
less effective than multiple-set protocols.
Which of the following health issues is NOT directly associated with the Metabolic Syndrome? abdominal obesity high blood pressure low bone mineral density high fasting blood glucose
low bone mineral density
A major regulator of protein synthesis and muscle size is TSC2 the lysosome tyrosine mTOR
mTOR
The Karvonen (or heart rate reserve) method of calculating the "heart rate reserve" is computed as _____________. maximal heart rate minus resting heart rate maximal heart rate minus 60 maximal heart rate minus resting heart rate, times 0.60 None of these is correct
maximal heart rate minus resting heart rate
