Exam 1 for final

Linguistics estimate that there are between ___ living languages today a. 3,000 and 10,000 b. 100 and 500 c. 50,000 and 100,000 d. 50 and 100

a. 3,000 and 10,000

The Human Terrain System program of the US military in Iraq and Afghanistan, used anthropologists to help soldiers understand village politics and translate information a. True b. False

a. True

In contemporary ethnography, anthropologists often provide a description of a "foreign" word and then adopt it. This action is known as ___ a. a gloss b. reflection c. emic d. the Hawthorn effect

a. a gloss

An anthropologist who studies the relationship between language and culture is working in the field of a. ethnolinguistics b. descriptive linguistics c. historical linguistics d. glottochronology

a. ethnolinguistics

When Willson defines and adopts the term nêga in her ethnography she communicates something more than 'black', this strategy in ethnography is known as a. gloss b. reflection c. emic d. ethnocentrism

a. gloss

Westby's concept of dynamic literacy is best characterized as a. understanding a text in the context of other texts b. understanding the meaning of a word within a sentence c. being able to sound out phonemes d. being able to read

a. understanding a text in the context of other texts

According to the textbook, a key feature of ___ is that is refers to the taken-for-granted notions, rules, moralities, and behaviors within a social group that feel natural a. Anthropology b. Culture c Functionalism d. The qualitative approach

b. Culture

The story of Nacirema uses___ typical in the ethnography of the day a. the emic approach b. Exotified language c. satire d. Reflexivity

b. Exotified language

Cultural patterns are determined by genes a. True b. False

b. False

Even though anthropologists use parts of the scientific method, some don't see what they do as science because a. Ethnography is part fiction b. The complexity of social behavior prevents any completely objective analysis of human culture c. they do not research in a laboratory d. they use only qualitative methods e. they use only quantitative methods

b. The complexity of social behavior prevents any completely objective analysis of human culture

Based on Lee's "Eating Christmas in the Kalahari", how could Lee have better predicted and understood the !Kung response to his ox? a. By collecting their folklore stories b. by sharing food with them over the year c. using life history interviews d. by butchering it and eating it for christmas dinner

b. by sharing food with them over the year

Of the human adaptive modalities discussed in lecture, which is the most rapid and plastic (i.e. displays plasticity) a. Physiological b. cultural c. emergent d. genetic

b. cultural

In Burgois' enthographic account of crack in Harlem he uses ___ to help the reader understand the crack economy a. stories from his own experience as an addict b. direct quotes from dealers, his personal stories and an etic analysis c. direct quotes from Harlem law enforcement personnel who work in substance abuse prevention d. ethnohistorical accounts of the rising cost of real estate in New York

b. direct quotes from dealers, his personal stories and an etic analysis

When male and female ethnographers conduct fieldwork they enter into the same roles in the host culture so they usually make the same findings a. true b. false

b. false

The ___ perspective aims to identify and undestand cultures in their entirety a. symbolic b. holistic c. structural d. ethnocentric

b. holistic

systematic conversations with informants to collect data are called___ a. rapid appraisal b. interviews c. lingua franca d. derivatives

b. interviews

The phone /!/ as found in the word !Kung a. is an allophone with /m/ in the english language b. is a non pulmonic post alveolar click consonant c. is a vowel with no articulatory features d. is not a phoneme

b. is a non pulmonic post alveolar click consonant

The study of grammatical categories, such as tense and word order, is called a. phonology b. morphology c. ethnography d. sociolinguistics

b. morphology

The idea that embraces dynamic culture change processes and the idea that the observer of cultural processes can never see culture completely objectively represent which theoretical orientation a. neo-evolultionsim b. post-structuralism or postmodernism c. historical particularism d. ethnocentrism

b. post-structuralism or postmodernism

Applied Anthropology by definition focuses on a. human material remains b. solving rea-world human problems c. biobehavioral variation anthropology d. political economy

b. solving rea-world human problems

The anthropological perspective that intersubjective social information flows both to and from the researcher is now as a. deductive reasoning b. the dialectic c. adaption d. quantitative methodology

b. the dialectic

The primary ethical responsibility of anthropologists is to a. Themselves b. the individuals and groups they study c. the institution they work in d. the government of the country they work in

b. the individuals and groups they study

The use of Arabic script to phonetically transcribe the phones of Pular, or Wolof is a. Griot b. Islahi c. Ajami d. Lingua Franca

c. Ajami

The process through which we acquire and transmit culture is known as ___ a. Reflexivity b. Adaption c. Enculturation d. Development

c. Enculturation

The example from lecture where how close you are expected to stand to others while waiting in line varies between in the US and Taiwan is an example of a. Pragmatics b. Semantics c. Proxemics d. ASL

c. Proxemics

The word "anthropology" derives from the Green anthropos and logos and literally means a. The words civilized peoples b. The evolution of man c. The study of humans d. Human biology and culture

c. The study of humans

Research committed to making social change and improving the lives of marginalized people is a. rapid appraisal b. development anthropology c. action anthropology d. participant observation

c. action anthropology

Which of the following is most significant aspect of the salvage paradigm? a. archeologists study other people's trash by salvaging it b. anthropologists study the natural destruction of societies c. anthropologists need to collect info from societies before they die out d. anthropologists produce paradigms to salvage the dignity of oppressed people

c. anthropologists need to collect info from societies before they die out

The moral and intellectual principle that one should withhold judgement about seemingly strange or exotic beliefs and practices is a. ethnocentrism b. diversification c. cultural relativism d. the interpretive approach

c. cultural relativism

The insiders view of culture is known as the a. relativism perspective b. reflexive perspective c. emic perspective d. etic perspective

c. emic perspective

In anthropology, the detailed description of a single society based on fieldwork is called a. fieldwork b. ethnology c. ethnography d. the ecological fallacy

c. ethnography

The feature of human language known as productivity signifies that a finite set of symbols and rules can be combined into a/an __ set of novel messages a. large b. arbitrary c. infinite d. culturally relative

c. infinite

Marx proposed that there are ___ constraints on human agency. An example of this is inheritance of wealth or poverty. a. communist b. collective c. material d. deductive

c. material

Are emotions such as anger experienced the same across cultures? a. yes, emotions reflect a common underlying cognitive process common to all humans b. yes, anger has been found to be present in every culture studied to date c. no, cultures such as the Ilongot have an ethnopsychological category of liget that is distinct from the idea of anger d. No, all psychological conditions are particular to a microculture at a specific time and place

c. no, cultures such as the Ilongot have an ethnopsychological category of liget that is distinct from the idea of anger

The minimum bits of sound that native speakers recognize as distinct are known as a. syntax b. morphemes c. phonemes

c. phonemes

The harmonious relationship and trust and anthropologist builds with research participants is known as ___ a. rigor b. induction c. rapport d. an etic approach

c. rapport

Ethnographers that prove "thick description" of culture are valued because they provide a. an understanding of exotic cultures b. documentation of cultures that will one day be list c. sufficient contextual detail for an understanding of culture d. all of the above

c. sufficient contextual detail for an understanding of culture

When Katie shared the story of her green boots with the class, it demonstrated a. the fact that culture contains innate layers of symbolic meaning which do not require language for learning b. the physical substance of a boot is altered when symbolic meaning is attributed to it c. the symbolic meaning of an artifact when symbolic meaning is attributed to it d. all of the these

c. the symbolic meaning of an artifact when symbolic meaning is attributed to it

The anthropological theory that proposed that cultures will progress through phases of savagery and barbarism ultimately becoming civilization is a. Prescribed enculturation b. proscribed enculturation c. unilineal evolution d. historical particularism

c. unilineal evolution

An example of reflexive enthographic statement would be a. "All married women call their husbands 'marido'" b. "all adults males participated in the ritual while adult women were excluded" c. "my informant explained his own experiences performing the ritual and how frightened he was" d. "I was unable to watch the entire ritual because I was overcome with nausea and I watched them eat it"

d. "I was unable to watch the entire ritual because I was overcome with nausea and I watched them eat it"

A symbol a. is a basic of human behavior b. something that congenitally stands for something else c. includes numbers and the alphabet d. All of the above

d. All of the above

The subfield of anthropology that studies the material remains of past cultures, often focusing on settlement patterns, is called a. Cultural b.Biological c. Linguistic d. Archeology

d. Archeology

The limitation of culture and personality studies was that they assumed a. a culture has only one personality type b. childhood enculturation determines adult personality c. our concept of "individual" was not sufficiently questioned d. all of these

d. all of these

Ethnology a. is the same as ethnography b. is not as effective a participant observation c. gives a narrow, micro, perspective d. focuses on comparison of cultures for theoretical understanding

d. focuses on comparison of cultures for theoretical understanding

The research method in cultural anthropology that relies on personal contact with people on an everyday basis in order to learn about their culture is called a. the inductive method b. life history c. the interview method d. participant observation

d. participant observation

An attitude of ethnocentrism toward another group a. encourages friendship and understanding b. aids understanding between cultures c. prevents doing enthology d. prevents understanding of other cultures

d. prevents understanding of other cultures

Data gathered from personal interviews, observations, and oral histories is a. historical b. methodological c. quantitative d. qualitative

d. qualitative

Critical cultural relativism asserts ___ a. that whatever goes on in a culture must not be questioned by outsiders b. The etic explanation for cultural practices is the best c. universal human rights are more important than cultural expression d. that power differences between people who accept cultural practices should be used to understand cultures

d. that power differences between people who accept cultural practices should be used to understand cultures