EXAM 1 GOV ACC
14. Capitalism is best described as a(n) a. economic system in which the means of production are owned by the state. b. system that guarantees rights of speech and political participation. c. system in which the use of property is controlled by majority will. d. system of government that favors privately owned businesses. e. good idea in theory but not practically applicable.
D
16. Conservatives strongly a. favor free enterprise. b. argue against government job programs. c. want to preserve traditional patterns of social relations. d. Options A, B, and C are true. e. None of the above is true.
D
17. The following group values both equality and order more than freedom, and its members support both affirmative action and laws that restrict pornography: a. communists b. libertarians c. socialists d. communitarians. e. capitalists
D
18. The Bill of Rights is at the core of our a. procedural theories of democracy. b. majoritarian theories. c. participatory theories of democracy. d. substantive theories of democracy. e. representative theories of democracy.
D
19. A referendum is best described as a(n) a. statement of legislative goals. b. do-over of a previous election. c. ballot without true competition for offices. d. election on a policy issue. e. decision that resolves a legal issue.
D
25. The text suggests that the United States fulfills the __________ model quite well. a. authoritarian b. majoritarian c. totalitarian d. pluralist e. egalitarian
D
22. Compared with majoritarian thought, the pluralist model of democracy shifts the focus of democratic decision making from _________ to _________. a. organized groups; the mass electorate b. representatives; voters c. procedures; substance d. substance; procedures e. the mass electorate; organized groups
E
24. According to John Marshall's decision in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), the elastic clause might be interpreted to mean that Congress can take a particular action not specified in the Constitution if that action is a. approved by both houses of Congress. b. strictly related to accomplishment of a national priority. c. requested by a state government. d. generally in the public interest. e. plainly adapted to achieving a legitimate constitutional end.
E
5. Thomas Hobbes's ideal form of government was a. a representative democracy. b. democratic socialism. c. the absence of any strong central authority. d. a global council of world leaders. e. a single ruler with unquestioned authority.
E
16. A republic is a government a. resting on the consent of the governed through their representatives. b. based on majority law. c. ruled by two political parties. d. ruled by a monarch. e. divided by two opposing cultures but ruled by one ruler.
A
24. A group of delegates to the Constitutional Convention proposed a powerful national government to replace the weak confederation of states. This was known as the a. Marshall Plan. b. Virginia Plan. c. New Jersey Plan. d. Connecticut Compromise. e. Grand Compromise.
B
47. The process of redrawing boundaries for electoral jurisdictions is known as a. reapportionment. b. realignment. c. redistribution. d. redistricting. e. redesign.
D
7. Examples of public goods are a. social welfare programs. b. nonprofit organization programs. c. private hospitals d. education, sanitation, and parks.
D
1. In 2010 Congress passed the Affordable Health Care Act that a. required nearly all Americans to buy health coverage or pay a penalty. b. nationalized health care into a government-run model. c. gave uninsured Americans a $10,000 voucher to help purchase private health insurance. d. created a government-funded public health plan to compete with private insurers. e. mandated that no private health plan cost more than $20,000.
A
13. A person who favors government ownership of some basic industries and a strong government role in directing the economy, but also some private ownership of productive capacity, would best be labeled as a a. socialist. b. capitalist. c. totalitarian. d. libertarian. e. moderate.
A
21. An organized group that seeks to influence government policy is called a(n) a. interest group. b. pluralist group. c. elite group. d. oligarchy. e. substantive group.
A
22. Shays's Rebellion indicated the a. urgent need to maintain domestic order. b. unpopularity of the new national taxes. c. inability of the British to maintain a border presence. d. continuing threat to the United States from the Native Americans. e. ongoing religious conflicts between American Protestants and Catholics.
A
35. Suppose Congress funds elementary education by giving states a grant that the states then designate the specific educational programs to receive these funds. This is an example of a ________ grant. a. block b. formula c. carry d. categorical e. user
A
10. Government's "modern dilemma" is how best to balance a. order and equality. b. equality and freedom. c. freedom and order. d. equality of opportunity and equality of outcome. e. chaos and structure.
B
18. The Great Depression represented a shift away from _________ and toward _________. a. cooperative federalism; dual federalism b. dual federalism; cooperative federalism c. the elastic clause; the Tenth Amendment d. the supremacy clause; the Tenth Amendment e. Options A and C are true.
B
2. The broad, basic definition of politics given by the text is a. the restriction of human freedom in the name of national sovereignty. b. the authoritative allocation of values for a society. c. the struggle for economic self-interest. d. rule by the people. e. the manipulation of public opinion by government.
B
20. An alleged weakness of the majoritarian democratic model is its a. reliance on public opinion polls, which tend to fluctuate over time. b. reliance on the American public to be knowledgeable and participatory. c. insistence that political parties represent the true opinion of the public. d. failure to require elected officials to follow voters' wishes. e. exclusion of interest groups from issue formation.
B
29. The Great Compromise provided for a. a two-chamber legislature with equal representation for all states. b. a two-chamber legislature with equal representation for all states in one chamber and population-based representation in the other. c. a one-chamber legislature with representation based on population. d. a two-chamber legislature with representation based on population. e. upper-house members elected separately from lower-house members.
B
3. The broad, basic definition of government given by the text is a. the use of force to benefit an elite. b. legitimate use of force within specified geographic boundaries to control human behavior. c. citizens participating in community decisions. d. taking from each according to his or her ability and giving to each according to need. e. leaders controlling power and authority.
B
34. Money paid by one level of government to another level of government to be spent for a given purpose is called a a. primary grant. b. grant-in-aid. c. transfer grant. d. carry grant. e. user grant.
B
39. The power of Congress to charter a bank is an example of what type of power? a. Inherent b. Implied c. Derived d. Reserved e. Enumerated
B
4. According to Thomas Hobbes, author of Leviathan, the proper objective of government is to ensure a. freedom. b. order. c. a functioning economy. d. public goods. e. free and fair elections.
B
4. The basic premise of federalism is that a. supreme executive power derives from a mandate from the masses. b. two or more governments share power and authority over the same land and people. c. supreme political authority remains with the states. d. a national government has ultimate sovereignty over a country's land and people. e. state and local governments may not exercise powers of their own that are independent of the national government.
B
57. The complexity of the American federal system encourages a. majoritarian democracy. b. pluralism. c. a high level of popular participation. d. government stagnation. e. conservative reactions by most registered voters.
B
8. Social order is usually defined as a. the degree of equality in society. b. established patterns of authority and traditional modes of behavior. c. the pattern of economic ownership. d. the methods by which government enforces its authority. e. mechanisms for disagreement with government.
B
8. The idea that the people agree to establish rulers for certain purposes, but they have the right to resist or remove rulers who violate those purposes, is also known as a. socialism. b. social contract theory. c. republicanism. d. the revolutionary right. e. confederalism.
B
9. When one person has the same chance to succeed in life as another, this is called a. equality of outcome. b. political equality. c. equality of opportunity. d. social order. e. equality of results.
C
a. the size of its population divided by the national population. b. all the other states' number of electors. c. the number of its representatives in Congress. d. the size of its population divided by the number of its eligible voters. e. its number of local units of government.
C
11. Compared to citizens in other nations, Americans a. value freedom of speech less than order. b. value freedom of speech less than equality of outcome. c. value equality of outcome more than order. d. value freedom of speech more than order. e. value governmental responsiveness less than order.
D
12. During the 1990s, Congress prohibited private businesses from discriminating in employment, public services, and public accommodations on the basis of physical or mental disabilities. This act creates a clash between a. freedom and order. b. equality and order. c. liberty and justice. d. freedom and equality. e. equal opportunity and equal outcomes.
D
23. Elite theory is discredited as an explanation of American national politics because studies show that a. elitism cannot coexist with democratic elections. b. there are too few power positions in the United States to constitute an elite. c. government and business leaders generally do not cooperate with one another. d. no one identifiable group regularly prevails on different issues. e. citizens will rally to defend rights they believe are endangered by government policies.
D
15. Liberals are more likely to favor generous government support for a. education. b. wildlife protection. c. public transportation. d. a whole range of social programs. e. All of the above are true.
E
16. The "necessary and proper" clause of Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution is an example of a(n) "__________ clause." a. confederal b. states' rights c. judicial d. dual e. elastic
E
24. The text suggests that there are _________ forces that may be pushing authoritarian governments toward democratization. a. religious b. moral c. philosophical d. ethical e. economic
E
36. Under separation of powers, the U.S. system keeps power among branches balanced by enabling one branch to counter the actions of another by the use of a. federalism. b. republicanism. c. authority. d. economic manipulation. e. checks and balances.
E
49. The primary contribution of the Federalist papers is a. they serve as the collective writings of theorists. b. to assert independence from England. c. their insights into the roots of the American Revolution. d. their ideas supporting the Bill of Rights. e. their insight into the meaning of the Constitution.
E
6. Which political philosopher inspired the phrase "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" in the Declaration of Independence? a. Thomas Jefferson b. Adam Smith c. Karl Marx d. Boris Yeltsin e. John Locke
E
7. The Declaration of Independence was based on input from many people, but its primary author was a. James Madison. b. John Quincy Adams. c. Benjamin Franklin. d. George Washington. e. Thomas Jefferson.
E