Exam 1 Medical Sociology

The current public policy approach to dealing with AIDS is:

through safe sex education

The traditional identifying criteria for disease do NOT include:

The patient's significant other's identification of a "sick pattern."

The physician exercises leverage over the patient through three basic techniques. What are they?

1. Professional prestige. 2. Situational authority. 3. Situational dependency of the patient.

Which are major areas of investigation in medical sociology

1. Social facets of health and disease. 2. Social behavior of health care personnel and their patients. 3. Social functions of health organizations and institutions. 4. The relationship of health care delivery systems to other systems

The World Health Organization defines health as:

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being

People who are physically handicapped typically fall into which category of stigma?

Abominations of the body.

Parsons's concept of the sick role seems to typically apply only to _________ diseases.

Acute

Medical sociology, as a subdiscipline, began gaining strength:

After World War II with the infusion of large amounts of federal funding forresearch

The lowest AIDS mortality rates for American males are found in:

Asians

Germ theory provided a framework for understanding the causal agents of disease. What are the five agents recognized today?

Biological, nutritional, chemical, physical, and social.

_______________ is where the deviants are temporarily exempted from normal obligations and gain some extra privileges, provided that they seek help in order to rid themselves of their deviance

Conditional legitimacy

In developing his concept of the sick role, Parsons linked his ideas to which two classical theorists?

Durkheim and Weber.

According to functionalists, processes such as crime and mental illness which disrupt the social order are:

Dysfunctional

Which theorist's work was not included as part of Parsons's concept of the sick role?

Erving Goffman

What is the leading cause of death in the United States, accounting for more than one-third of all deaths?

Heart disease

A researcher is interested in reporting how many people in a community were diagnosed with HIV during the past month. He/she would measure the:

Incidence

The symbolic interactionalist perspective on deviance:

Is based on the concept that what is regarded as deviant behavior by one person or social group may not be so regarded by other persons or social groups

Which of the following demonstrates the sociological implications of the HIV/AIDS epidemic?

Its influence on modifying social norms, values, and lifestyles. How certain social behaviors lead to the transmission of the disease and result in a pandemic. The social rejection of AIDS patients. Moral and religious debates over the meaning of the disease and treatment options.

The so-called "clinical gaze" is best associated with which of the following perspectives?

Medicine of the species

A person may desire to retain the sick role more or less permanently because of what Parsons calls a _______________, which is the exemption from normal obligations and the gaining of other privileges commonly accorded to the sick

Secondary gain

The American Psychiatric Association releases a guide to identifying disease called:

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

What caused the prevalence of STDs to soar around the globe?

The birth control pill. A worldwide ideology of sexual liberation and permissiveness. A new pattern of employment in developing nations. Greater availability of multiple sexual partners.

What important event occurred in 1951 that began to reorient American medical sociology toward the use of theory?

The publication of Parsons's The Social System.

In which study were syphilis patients intentionally not treated and allowed to die?

Tuskegee

Which of the following have been significant factors in the most recent epidemiologic transition, which has seen a reemergence of infectious diseases?

globalization and global warming

The primary focus of the epidemiologist is on:

health problems of social aggregates

_________________ has special significance for a society because it is traditionally used as an approximate indicator of a society's standard of living and quality of health care delivery.

infant mortality rate

The HIV outbreak in China initially occurred among ____________ in Yunnan Province.

intravenous drug users

Unlike infectious diseases, chronic diseases typically are _____________ and ______________.

long term; incurable

Which of the following plays a particularly important role in the transmission of AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa?

migrant labor force