Exam 1 Research and Statistics

_______ is the approach of collecting data and using it to develop, support, and/or challenge a theory.

Empiricism

Which of the following ethical violations did NOT occur in the Tuskegee Study?

Participants in the study were given/infected with the disease.

Which of the following is true of operational definitions?

Some psychological concepts are more difficult to operationally define than others.

Which of the following is true of variables?

Some variables can be either manipulated or measured.

Which of the following is a causal claim?

Texting interferes with a driver's ability to pay attention.

Which of the following is a problem presented by the availability heuristic?

We do not examine all of the evidence, only what we can quickly think of.

Which of the following is the correct ordering of the sections of an empirical journal article?

abstract, introduction, method, results, discussion, references

Which of the following is an example of being a producer of research?

administering an anxiety questionnaire

Research that is done specifically to solve a practical problem, like increasing memory ability or decreasing symptoms of depression, is known as

applied research

Two biases of intuition discussed in the text are

being swayed by a good story and being persuaded by what comes easily to mind.

To evaluate how well a study supports a frequency claim, you need to focus most on evaluating which of the following validities?

construct validity and external validity

Which of Robert Merton's scientific norms describes the idea that scientists should always accurately report the findings of their study even if the findings do not support the scientist's hypotheses or theories?

disinterestedness

In the theory-data cycle, theories first lead to

questions

When conducting animal research, which guideline states that alternatives to animal research should be considered?

replacement

If you wanted to know exactly which statistical analyses were used in a particular study, you should consult the ____

results section of a journal article.

In considering whether research is ethical, which of the following are balanced against each other?

risk to participants versus value of the knowledge gained

The need to balance the potential costs and benefits to participants taking part in a research study is done to address which principle of the Belmont Report?

the principle of beneficence

In addition to the three principles derived from the Belmont Report, which of the following two principles were added in the principles put forth by the American Psychological Association?

the principle of integrity and fidelity/responsibility

Who is responsible for deciding which validity is prioritized in a study?

the researcher

Why is it important to adopt the mindset of a scientific reasoner?

to avoid falling into the pitfalls of personal biases