Exam 1 Study Guide

what is the Moro reflex?

Hands form a "C" -startling

what is telegraphic speech?

speech that uses essential words only

Freud's Phallic Stage

super-ego is developing and the conscience is emerging

during a night ______ a child will scream and thrash but not awaken

terror

Motor skill for 6 month old?

tripod sits

preschool-age children are more susceptible to bladder infections than are adults due to the length of the _____

urethra

the ______ remains short in both the male & female toddler, making them more susceptible to urinary tract infections compared to adults

urethra

discuss ways to prevent temper tantrums in toddlers.

- adhere to reasonable food & sleep schedules -when parent senses beginning frustrations, friendly warnings, distractions, refocusing or removal from the situation may prevent the tantrum

explain the care for the toddler's teeth and gums. How does the care change after the child reaches the age of 2 years?

- at 1 yr, every child should visit the dentist - should be weaned by 15months to prevent caries - sippy cups should be limited - should progress from brushing w/water to using a very small pea-sized amount of fluoride toothpaste w/ brushing beginning at age 2

What are some dietary fiber food sources?

-applesauce -carrots -corn -green beans

what are some vitamin A food sources?

-apricots -cantaloupe -carrots -sweet potatoes

what are some folate food sources?

-avocados -broccoli -green peas -dark greens

what are some vitamin C food sources?

-broccoli -oranges -strawberries -tomatoes

describe the cognitive abilities of a child in the intuitive phase

-count 10 or more objects -correctly name at least 4 colors -understands concept of time -knows about things used in everyday life, such as: appliances, money & food

what are some calcium food sources?

-dairy products -broccoli -tofu -legumes

describe appropriate discipline for a toddler

-focus on clear limits setting, consistency, negotiation & techniques to assist the toddler to learn problem solving -positive reinforcement should be used as much as possible -avoid spanking & other corporal punishment

The order of motor skills

1. copies circles & traces squares 2. throws ball overhand 3. swings and climbs well

List the motor skills of the infant in order of occurrence.

1. transfers object from one hand to the other 2. sits unsupported 3. crawls on hands and knees 4. puts objects in container 5. pokes with index finger

In what order will a toddler display expressive language?

1. uses a finger to point to things 2. babbles in what sounds like sentences 3. uses primarily descriptive words (hungry, hot) 4. talks about something that happened in the past

The anterior fontanel normally remains open until ______ months of life

12-18

Inconsolable crying, known as ______ lasts longer than 3 hours

Colic

the thin, yellowish fluid called _____ is produced by the breasts for the first 2-4 days after birth

Colostrum

what is the Babinski reflex?

Fanning & hyperextension

Motor Skill for 1 month old?

Lifts head while prone

Motor Skill for 2 month old?

Raises head & chest

Motor skill for 4 month old?

Rolls from prone to supine

the parents of a 4yr old girl tell the nurse that their daughter is having frequent nightmares. Which statement indicates that the girl is having night terrors instead of nightmares? a. "she screams and thrashes when we try to touch her" b. "she is scared after she wakes up" c. "she comes and wakes us up after she awakens" d. "she has a hard time going back to sleep"

a. "she screams and thrashes when we try to touch her"

the nurse is providing teaching about child safety to the parents of a 4 yr old girl. Which statement by the parents indicates a need for further teaching? a. "we need to tell her that her vitamins are candy" b. "she still needs a booster seat in the car" c. "we need to know the basics of CPR and first aid" d. "we need to continually remind her about safety needs"

a. "we need to tell her that her vitamins are candy"

the nurse is assessing the oral cavity of a 4 month old infant. Which finding is consistent with a child of this age? a. 1-3 natal teeth b. no teeth c. 1-2 lower teeth d. 1 upper tooth

a. 1-3 natal teeth

the nurse is observing a 3 yr old boy in a daycare center. Which behavior might suggest an emotional problem? a. has persistent separation anxiety b. goes from calm to tantrum suddenly c. sucks his thumb periodically d. is unable to share toys with others

a. has persistent separation anxiety

the nurse is providing helpful feeding tips to the mother of a 2 week old boy. Which recommendations will best help the child feed effectively? a. maintain a feed-on-demand approach b. apply warm compresses to the breast c. encourage the infant to latch on properly d. maintain adequate diet and fluid intake

a. maintain a feed-on-demand approach

the nurse is assessing a 3yr old child. The nurse notes the child is able to understand that objects hidden from sights still exist. The nurse correctly documents the child is displaying: a. object permanence b. mental combinations c. preoperational thinking d. concrete thinking

a. object permanence

the nurse is observing a 36month old boy during a well-visit. Which motor skill has he most recently acquired? a. undress himself b. push a toy lawnmower c. kick a ball d. pull a toy while walking

a. undress himself

the nurse is caring for the family with a 2 month old boy with colic. The mother reports feeling very stressed by the baby's constant crying. Which intervention would provide the most help in the short term? a. urging the baby's mother to take time for herself away from the child b. educating the parents about when colic stops c. assessing the parents' care and feeding skills d. watching how the parents respond to the child

a. urging the baby's mother to take time for herself away from the child

Piaget's- Intuitive

able to classify and relate objects

the education of parents about what to expect in the next phase of development is referred to as ________ guidance

anticipatory

a nurse is caring for a 4 yr old girl. The parents indicate that their daughter often reports that objects in the house are her friends. They are concerned because the girl says that the grandfather clock in the hallway smiles and sings to her. Which response by the nurse is best? a. "your daughter is demonstrating animism which is common" b. "attributing life-like qualities to inanimate objects is quite normal at this age" c. "do you think your daughter is hallucinating?" d. "is there a family history of mental illness?"

b. "attributing life-like qualities to inanimate objects is quite normal at this age"

the nurse is teaching a 1st time mother with a 14month old boy about child safety. Which is the most effective overall safety information to provide guidance for the mother? a. "place a gate at the top of each stairway" b. "never let him out of your sight when outdoors" c. "put chemicals in a locked cabinet" d. "don't smoke in the house or car"

b. "never let him out of your sight when outdoors"

the nurse is conducting a health screening of a 5yr old boy as required for kindergarten. The boy is fearful about going to a new school. The mother asks for the nurse's advice. Which response by the nurse is best? a. "kindergarten is a big step for a child. be patient with him" b. "talk to your son's new teacher and schedule a tour with him" c. "be aware that he may have difficulty adjusting being away from home 5 days a week" d. "remind him that kindergarten will be a lot fun and he'll make new friends"

b. "talk to your son's new teacher and schedule a tour with him"

a nurse is providing a routine wellness examination for a 5 yr old boy. Which response by the parents indicates a need for an additional referral or follow-up? a. "he can count to 30 but gets confused after that" b. "we often have to translate his speech to others" c. "he is always talking and telling detailed stories" d. "he knows his name and address"

b. "we often have to translate his speech to others"

the nurse is assessing a 2 yr old boy during a well-child visit. The nurse correctly identifies the child's current stage of Erikson's growth and development as: a. trust vs mistrust b. autonomy vs shame & doubt c. initiative vs guilt d. industry vs inferiority

b. autonomy vs shame & doubt

the parents of a 2 year old girl are concerned with her behavior. For which behavior would the nurse share their concern? a. refuses to share toys with her sister b. frequently babbles to herself when playing c. likes to change toys frequently d. plays by herself even when other children are present

b. frequently babbles to herself when playing

the nurse is teaching a mother of a 1yr old girl about weaning her from the bottle and breast. which recommendation should be part of the nurse's plan? a. wean from breast by 18 months of age at the latest b. give the child an iron-fortified cereal c. switch the child to a no-spill sippy cup d. wean from the bottle at 15 months of age

b. give the child an iron-fortified cereal

the nurse is observing a 6month old boy for developmental progress. For which typical milestones should the nurse look? a. shifts a toy to his left hand and reaches for another b. picks up an object using his thumb and finger tips c. puts down a little ball to pick up a stuffed toy d. enjoys hitting a plastic bowl with a large spoon

b. picks up an object using his thumb and finger tips

the nurse is conducting a well-child assessment of a 4yr old. Which assessment finding warrants further investigation? a. presence of 20 deciduous teeth b. presence of 10 deciduous teeth c. absence of dental caries d. presence of 19 deciduous teeth

b. presence of 10 deciduous teeth

the nurse is teaching the parents of a 6 month old boy about proper child dental care. Which action will the nurse indicate as the most likely to cause dental caries? a. not cleaning a baby's gums when he is done eating b. putting the baby to bed with a bottle of milk or juice c. using a cloth instead of a brush for cleaning teeth d. failing to clean the teeth with fluoridated toothpaste

b. putting the baby to bed with a bottle of milk or juice

the mother of a 1 month old infant voices concern about her baby's respirations. She states they are rapid and irregular. Which information should the nurse provide? a. the normal respiratory rate for an infant at this age is between 20-30 breaths per minute b. the respirations of a 1 month old infant are normally irregular and periodically pause c. an infant at this age should have regular respirations d. the irregularity of the infant's respirations are concerning; I will notify the physician

b. the respirations of a 1 month old infant are normally irregular and periodically pause

the nurse is assessing the sleeping practices of the parents of a 4month old girl who wakes repeatedly during the night. Which parent comment might reveal a cause for the night waking? a. they sing to her before she goes to sleep b. they put her to bed when she falls asleep c. if she is safe, they lie her down and leave d. the child has a regular, scheduled time

b. they put her to bed when she falls asleep

the parents of an overweight 2yr old boy admit that their child is a bit "chubby", but argue that he is a picky eater who will eat only junk food. Which response by the nurse is best to facilitate a healthier diet? a. "you may have to serve a new food 10 or more times" b. "serve only healthy foods. He'll eat when he's hungry" c. "give them more healthy choices with less junk food available" d. "calorie requirements for toddlers are less than infants"

c. "give him more healthy choices with less junk food available"

the nurse is discussing sensory development with the mother of a 2yr old boy. Which parental comment suggests the child may have a sensory problem? a. "he wasn't bothered by the paint smell" b. "he was licking the dishwashing soap" c. "he doesn't respond if I wave to him" d. "i dropped a pan behind him and he cried"

c. "he doesn't respond if I wave to him"

the nurse is providing teaching about proper dental care for the parents of a 5 yr old girl. Which response indicates a need for further teaching? a. "too much fluoride can contribute to fluorosis" b. "we should use only a pea-sized amount of toothpaste" c. "she needs to floss her teeth before brushing" d. "she should see a dentist every 6 months"

c. "she needs to floss her teeth before brushing"

the nurse is conducting a health screening for a 3 yr old boy as required by his new preschool. Which statement by the parents warrants further discussion and intervention? a. "the school has a looser environment which is a good match for his temperament" b. "the school requires processed foods and high sugar foods be avoided" c. "the school is quite structured and advocates corporal punishment" d. "there is a very low student teacher ratio and they don a lot of hands on projects"

c. "the school is quite structured and advocates corporal punishment"

the nurse is conducting a well-child examination of a 4 yr old and is assessing the child's height. By how much should the nurse expect the child's height to have increased since last year's examination? a. 0.5-1in (1.27 to 2.54cm) b. 1-2in (2.54 to 5.07cm) c. 2.5-3in (6.35 to 7.62cm) d. 3.5-4 in (8.89 to 10.16 cm)

c. 2.5-3in (6.35 to 7.62cm)

the mother of a 4 yr old boy reports her son has voiced curiosity about her breasts. She asks the nurse what she should do. Which information is best for the nurse to give the parent? a. advise the parent that sexual curiosity is unusual at this age b. encourage the parent to provide a detailed discussion about human sexuality with the child c. encourage the parent to determine what the child's specific questions are and answer them briefly d. advise the parent to explain to the child that he is too young to discuss such thigns

c. encourage the parent to determine what the child's specific questions are and answer them briefly

the nurse is examining a 6 month old girl who was born 8 weeks early. Which finding is cause for concern? a. the child measures 21 in (53cm) in length b. the child exhibits palmar grasp reflex c. head size has increased 5 in (12cm) since birth d. the child weighs 10lb 2oz (4.6kg)

c. head size has increased 5 in (12cm) since birth

the nurse is educating the mother of a 6month old boy about the symptoms for teething. Which symptom would the nurse identify? a. running a mild fever or vomiting b. choosing soft foods over hard foods c. increased biting and sucking d. frequent loose stools

c. increased biting and sucking

the nurse is teaching healthy eating habits to the parents of a 7month old girl. Which recommendation is the most valuable advice? a. let the child eat only the foods she prefers b. actively urge the child to eat new foods c. provide small portions that must be eaten d. serve new foods several times

c. provide small portions that must be eaten

the nurse is assessing the language development of a 3 year old girl. Which finding would suggest a problem? a. makes simple conversation b. tells the nurse she saw Na-Na today c. speaks in 2-3 word sentences d. tells the nurse her name

c. speaks in 2-3 word sentences

Kohlberg's - Preconventional Morality

children may learn inappropriate behavior if the parent doesn't intervene to teach the behavior is wrong

communication in preschool children is ______ in nature, as they are not yet capable of abstract thought

concrete

the nurse is providing teaching to the mother of a 4yr old girl about bike safety. Which statement indicates a need for further teaching? a. "the balls of her feet should reach both pedals while sitting" b. "pedal back brakes are better fir her age group" c. "she should always ride on the sidewalk" d. "she can ride on the street if I am riding with her"

d. "she can ride on the street if I am riding with her"

the parents of a 3yr old boy have asked the nurse for advice about a preschool for their child. Which suggestion is most important for the nurse to make? a. "look for a preschool that is clean and has a loving staff" b. "check to make sure your child can attend with the sniffles" c. "make sure that you can easily get an appointment to visit" d. "the staff should be trained in early childhood development"

d. "the staff should be trained in early childhood development"

the mother of 1 week old boy voices concerns about her baby's weight loss since birth. At birth the baby weighed 7 lb (3.2kg) ; the baby currently weighs 6 lb 1 oz (2.8kg). Which response by the nurse is most appropriate? a, "all babies lose a substantial amount of weight after birth" b. "your baby has lost too much weight and may need to be hospitalized" c. "your baby's weight loss is well within the expected range" d. "your baby has lost a bit more than the normal amount"

d. "your baby has lost a bit more than the normal amount"

the nurse is educating the mother of a newborn about feeding practices. The nurse correctly advises the mother: a. the best feeding schedule offers food every 4-6 hours b. most newborns need to eat about four times per day c. the newborn's stomach can hold between one-half to one ounce d. demand scheduled feeding is associated with increased difficulty getting the baby to sleep through the night

d. demand scheduled feeding is associated with increased difficulty getting the baby to sleep through the night

the nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to the parents of an 18month old girl. Which recommendation should be the most helpful to the parents? a. giving the child time out for 1 1/2 minute b. ignoring bad behavior and praising good behavior c. slapping her hand using one or two fingers d. describing proper behavior when she misbehaves

d. describing proper behavior when she misbehaves

the nurse is assessing an infant at his 4month well-baby check-up. The nurse notes that at birth the baby weighed 8lb (3.6kg) and was 20in (50.8cm) in length. Which finding is most consistent with the normal infant growth and development? a. the baby weighs 21lb (9.5kg) and is 30in (76.2cm) in length b. the baby weighs 16lb (7.3kg) and is 26in (66.0cm) in length c. the baby weighs 15lb (6.8kg) and is 24in (61.0cm) in length d. the baby weighs 24lb (10.9kg) and is 26in (66.0cm) in length

d. the baby weighs 24lb (10.9kg) and is 26in (66.0cm) in length

a nutrient ____ diet along with physical activity is the foundation for obesity prevention in the preschool child

dense

Kohlberg's - Punishment-Obedience Orientation

determines good and bad dependent upon associated punishment

the sequential process by which infants & children gain various skills and function is referred to as _____

development

Piaget's - Preconceptual

displays animism

the leading cause of unintentional injury and death in children in this country is due to _____

drowning

what is ritualism?

familiar routine that provides structure and security for the toddler

What is the asymmetric tonic neck reflex?

fencing position

Motor skill for 5 month old?

grasps rattle or toy

Motor Skill for 3 month old?

hold open hand to face

what is individuation?

internalizing a sense of self & one's environment

the over-consumption of cow's milk may result in a deficiency of _____ due to the calcium blocking its absorption

iron

Erikson's - Initiative vs Guilt

likes to please parents

when ______ of the spinal cord is achieved around age 2yrs, the toddler is capable of exercising voluntary control over the sphincters.

myelinization

during the ______ stage of development, according to Piaget, children begin to become more sophisticated with symbolic thought.

preoperational

what is the Parachute reflex?

prepare to "catch themselves"

milk production is stimulated by ______, a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary

prolactin

the ability to understand what is being said or asked is called _______ language

receptive

what is echolalia?

repetition of words and phrases without understanding

what is regression?

returning to a prior developmental stage

what is the Root reflex?

searches with the mouth

what is egocentrism?

self-interest due to an inability to focus on another's perspective

Stranger anxiety is an indicator that the infant is recongnizing himself as _____ from others

separate