Exam 1
Benjamin limits his sodium intake to 1.5 g/day. This amount is equivalent to ________.
1500 mg/day
Derek wants to eat enough salad greens in one meal to equal 1 cup of vegetables. According to the USDA, how much of the greens should he eat?
2 cups
Donovan wants to consume 3 cups of dairy products daily. According to the USDA, which of the following foods should he eat to replace 1 cup of milk?
2 cups cottage cheese
The label on a bag of salt-free pretzels indicates that they chips are "low-fat." This means the pretzels provide ________ gram(s) of fat or less per serving.
3
Which of the following statements is true?
A food cannot be labeled "organic" unless it meets certain government standards.
Which of the following physiological changes is a result of anabolic chemical reactions?
Addition of calcium and phosphorus to the thigh bone of a growing child
Which of the following statements is true?
Before taking a dietary supplement, people should determine whether the product is necessary and safe.
A serving of food supplies 18 g protein, 20 g carbohydrate, 7 g fat, 18 mg vitamin E, 2 mg iron, and 100 g water. Which of the following statements is true about a serving of the food?
Carbohydrate provides the most food energy.
Which of the following conditions is an autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation and swelling of the intestines?
Crohn's disease
Which of the following statements is true?
Dietary supplements may interact negatively with other substances a person takes.
Which of the following structures normally prevents swallowed food from entering the larynx and trachea?
Epiglottis
Which of the following microbes is associated with the development of most stomach ulcers?
H. pylori
Before she shops for groceries, Terry plans several nutritionally adequate daily menus for her family. Which of the following guides is the best menu-planning tool for her to use?
MyPlate
Which of the following statements is true?
Nutritional standards are often used to evaluate the nutritional adequacy of diets.
A popular women's magazine has an article about the health benefits of consuming calcium-rich foods. If the article's author has the credentials ________ after his or her name, the article is likely to be a reliable source of nutrition information.
RDN
Which of the following statements is true?
The pyloric sphincter controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine.
A medical researcher reads an article in "Today's Health-Conscious Woman" magazine about the benefits of using the phytochemical capsaicin to treat knee pain. She asks 10 people with arthritic knees to rub a cream that contains the phytochemical on their knee joints for two weeks. At the end of the two weeks, the researcher asks the subjects whether their knee pain improved, stayed about the same, or worsened during the treatment period. After collecting responses from the people, the researcher reports the results of her study during a popular TV show that is hosted by a doctor. Based on this information, which of the following statements is true?
The researcher did not divide the subjects of her study into control and treatment groups.
Which of the following observations is an example of a positive correlation?
When a group of 6-year-old children increase their physical activity level to 60 minutes a day, the children's muscle mass increases.
An Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is the
amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of 50% of healthy people in a particular population. Correct
Emily has brittle fingernails that crack and split easily. Emily's mother advises her daughter to take gelatin pills 3 times/day, because she has heard the practice strengthens fingernails. The mother's nutrition-related advice about the benefit of taking gelatin pills is an example of a(n) ________.
anecdote
Antonio has severe chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). To reduce his likelihood of developing heartburn, his physician recommended that he ________.
avoid overeating during meals
Avi's salivary glands do not secrete amylase. As a result of his condition, his mouth cannot ________.
begin starch digestion
A team of scientists extracts a chemical that they call "Zombia" from the leaves of a common houseplant. One of the scientists would like to market Zombia as a dietary supplement because it makes people sleepy, when it is injected into them. Based on this information, Zombia ________.
cannot be marketed as a dietary supplement
According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Americans consumed more ________ in 2010 than in 1970.
cheese
Which of the following conditions or diseases is a leading diet-related cause of death in the United States?
diabetes
Bella is an omnivore, because she can ________.
digest and absorb nutrients from a wide variety of sources
A scientist discovers a chemical in certain rocks that kills bacteria when it is mixed with sterile water in a test tube. She cannot market extracts that contain this chemical as a dietary supplement, because it ________.
does not contain dietary ingredients
A food has a pH that is higher than the pH of pure water but lower than the pH of an oven cleaning solution. Based on this information, the food is ________.
egg white
A group of scientists would like to determine lifestyle factors that are associated with the development of asthma among American children. Based on this information, the researchers should design a (an) ________ study.
epidemiological
When the pH of blood is higher than normal, the blood has become more acidic.
false
Tamika's 52-year-old father died as a result of a condition that is the leading cause of death in the United States. Based on this information, Tamika's father died from ________.
heart disease
The ________ is the second segment of the small intestine.
jejunum
Coretta has severe chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). To reduce her likelihood of developing heartburn, her physician recommended that she ________.
lose excess body fat
Each day, Phil takes ten pills that each supply 1000 mg of vitamin C. The recommended amount of vitamin C is 90 mg/day. His daily vitamin C intake is an example of a ________.
megadose
Which of the following groups of foods is not a major food group of MyPlate?
oils
Which of the following foods is not nutrient dense?
potato chips
Josh was a participant in a clinical study to determine how much thiamin cures beriberi, the vitamin's deficiency disease. During the study, Josh consumed only a formula diet that was nutritionally complete, except it did not contain thiamin. Within a few weeks, Josh developed beriberi. At that point, researchers gave 0.20 mg thiamin to Josh each day for a week, but his signs and symptoms of beriberi remained. In the weeks that followed, the scientists continued to increase Josh's intake of the vitamin by 0.2 mg/week. After a week of taking 0.6 mg of thiamin/day, Josh reported feeling much better. Based on this information, the researchers concluded that Josh's
requirement for thiamin was at least 0.6 mg/day.
Eating a high-salt diet increases people's chances of developing high blood pressure. Thus, a diet that supplies excessive amounts of salt is a ________ for high blood pressure.
risk factor
Eating diets that contain high amounts of certain kinds of fat raise the risk of developing heart disease. Thus, a diet that supplies an excessive amount of such fats is a ________ for heart disease.
risk factor
in chemistry class, Karl combines hydrochloric acid with a base called sodium hydroxide. This chemical reaction results in the formation of a ________.
salt
One day, Hillary consumed a handful of peanuts, a bowl of chocolate pudding, a sugar-sweetened soft drink, and three hard-cooked eggs. Which of these foods contains a lot of empty calories and is not a member of one of the USDA's major food groups?
soft drink
Which of the following conditions or diseases is a leading diet-related cause of death in the United States?
stroke
Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome often includes making dietary changes and ________.
taking antidepressant medication
A person who promotes the use of ginseng, garlic, and fish oil as the cure for cancer is practicing quackery.
true
A registered dietitian nutritionist has been trained to apply food and nutrition information to help treat many health conditions.
true
According to the FDA, a packaged food can contain 0.4 grams of fat per serving and still display the "fat free" nutrient content claim on its label.
true
In general, organically grown crops contain fewer pesticides than conventionally grown crops.
true
Which of the following substances is a nutrient that does not provide any energy for the human body?
water
A popular fitness magazine has an article about the health benefits of high-fiber diets. If the article's author has the credentials ________ after his or her name, the article is likely to be a reliable source of nutrition information.
RDN
Researchers at a major American university plan a 10-year study involving 25,000 adults who will follow their usual lifestyles while they participate in the study. One of the main goals of this particular scientific investigation is to determine lifestyle factors that contribute to stomach cancer. Which of the following activities is likely to be a component of their research efforts?
Submitting an article describing the results of the study to a peer-reviewed journal