Exam 1 up to Progressive era

What was ironic about the election of Andrew Johnson? A.)A man from a state that had seceded was now president. B.)Abraham Lincoln now regretted choosing Andrew Johnson as his vice president. C.)An illiterate man was president. D.)He was the first slaveholder to become president. E.)A Ku Klux Klan leader ascended to the presidency.

A man from a state that had seceded was now president.

Along with New York, which city during the Gilded Age financed industrialization and westward expansion with its banks and stock exchange? New Jersey Philadelphia Boston Chicago Los Angeles

Boston

Which of the following statements is accurate about the West? By 1900, Native Americans still outnumbered white settlers. Most Chinese settled in the interior of the West as opposed to the coastal states. By 1890, the West had a higher percentage of people living in cities than other regions. Cowboys led a far more romantic life than that depicted in Hollywood movies. Immigrants avoided the West because of limited opportunity.

By 1890, the West had a higher percentage of people living in cities than other regions.

How did John D. Rockefeller use horizontal expansion? His factories produced household items made of steel. He controlled the drilling, refining, storage, and distribution of oil. He bought out competing oil refining companies. His company started drilling for oil. He expanded into making steel.

He bought out competing oil refining companies.

In regard to labor, what did Ford do for his workers? He made it more difficult for them to be consumers. He improved work conditions, making the jobs more interesting. He paid more, with compensation that included stock options. He invited labor leaders to set up unions at Ford. He paid more than double the wages paid by other factory owners.

He paid more than double the wages paid by other factory owners.

Which statement is true in reference to President Andrew Johnson? A.)Johnson grew up in poverty in the South and saw the planter class as a "bloated, corrupted aristocracy." B.)Johnson was a Radical Republican who worked to achieve social and political equality for African-Americans. C.)Johnson was a strong supporter of the Fourteenth Amendment and urged the southern states to ratify it. D.)Johnson expanded federal power dramatically to make sure southern states abided by the Civil Rights Act of 1866. E.)Johnson supported land reform as a means to redistribute the wealth and power of plantation owners.

Johnson grew up in poverty in the South and saw the planter class as a "bloated, corrupted aristocracy."

What benefit did Abraham Lincoln see in having Andrew Johnson on his ticket? A.) As a former slaveholder, he demonstrated that one could live without slaves. B.)He was an inspiration to working-class people in poverty C.)Tennessee was Lincoln's favorite southern state because he was born there. D.)Lincoln's party hoped to build a Republican base in the South. E.)He was one of many southern senators from a state that seceded who refused to leave the U.S. Senate.

Lincoln's party hoped to build a Republican base in the South.

Why was the Hollywood version of the western "cowboy" based more on fantasy than reality? Railroad expansion before the Civil War had eliminated the need for "cattle drives" from Texas. Most cowboys were low-paid workers, some of whom even went on strike for higher wages . By the time of the Civil War, most open-range longhorns had been killed by disease and harsh winters. Clothing such as wide-brimmed hats and boots were twentieth-century inventions of writers and movie producers. Many worked as cowboys for a short time before moving on to other employment.

Most cowboys were low-paid workers, some of whom even went on strike for higher wages.

In which labor dispute did the American Railway Union play a prominent role? Coeur d'Alene strike Great Uprising of 1877 Homestead strike Pullman strike

Pullman strike

About which of the following did Ida Tarbell write an investigative journalistic story? Fordism. Shirtwaist Company industrial workers in Ohio the mining industry Standard Oil

Standard Oil

Why did millions of American farm families migrate westward from 1900 to 1910? The demand for skilled labor declined in twenty-one of the nation's largest cities. Population growth on the Atlantic Seaboard made eastern farmland increasingly scarce. The availability of free land meant more opportunities for commercial farming in the West. They looked for states with low property taxes and less union power. Solar technology was successfully implemented in the American Southwest.

The availability of free land meant more opportunities for commercial farming in the West.

What changes did railroads bring to American society during the Gilded Age? a)Because trains transported large numbers of people west, the population in the United States was rapidly decreasing. b)The introduction of railroads marked the end of what is sometimes called the "second industrial revolution." c)The introduction of railroads lowered expectations in regard to when products would be available. d)Railroad lines only went west to east and east to west, so the northern economy suffered. e)The introduction of railroads enabled a national market for goods and led to the creation of time zones.

The introduction of railroads enabled a national market for goods and led to the creation of time zones.

"The Significance of the Frontier in American History" lecture concluded what about the West? The movement westward acted as a safety valve that counteracted the threat of social unrest. The farmland was too arid, so most states and territories needed to focus on manufacturing. The region was too large geographically, so not enough railroad track would ever be built to connect the region. The native peoples deserved the land more than the whites. Immigrant labor needed to be recruited heavily.

The movement westward acted as a safety valve that counteracted the threat of social unrest.

Economic and population growth translated into the rise of new products like Ivory Soap and Quaker Oats. What did these two items have in common? a)They were only found in big cities and were meant to modernize the habits of the urban population. b)They were produced at home using shared recipes because national chains did not yet exist. c)They were produced in factories fully operated by women. d)The factories that produced them had to close because the government lowered tariffs. e)They represented the integration of the economy due to the expansion of the railroad network.

They represented the integration of the economy due to the expansion of the railroad network.

The writer whose work encouraged the passage of the Meat Inspection Act was Upton Sinclair. Lincoln Steffens. Ida Tarbell. Henry George. Theodore Dreiser

Upton Sinclair.

Who was Frederick Jackson Turner? a social reformer a cattle ranching baron an economist a preacher a historian

a historian

Industrial freedom in the Progressive era meant in practice legal protections against groundless dismissals and workplace harassment. loss of personal autonomy for skilled workers working under scientific management. a decline in union activism. access to health insurance and retirement benefits. a push by corporations for greater worker input in locating factories and distributing profits.

a loss of personal autonomy for skilled workers working under scientific management.

Which of the following factors contributed to explosive economic growth during the Gilded Age? a)bank loans to railroads. b)a tight labor market. c)abundant natural resources. d)high tariffs. e)lack of capital for investment.

abundant natural resources.

Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller respected workers' rights and promoted labor unions. started their companies by buying out the competition. accumulated fortunes, grew powerful, and donated most of their money to charity. controlled the American textile industry. believed in democracy and ran their companies accordingly.

accumulated fortunes, grew powerful, and donated most of their money to charity.

By 1880, Chinese immigrants to the West faced little discrimination because the area had had a large Chinese presence for almost a century. tended to purposefully cut all ties with their families in China. were seasonal workers moving back and forth between the two coasts. worked exclusively in the western gold fields. concentrated in California, where they made up over half of the farmworkers.

concentrated in California, where they made up over half of the farmworkers.

The term "Fordism" was used by labor unions, who hailed Ford's innovative approach. refers to Henry Ford's invention of the automobile. describes an economic system based on limited production of high-end goods. describes an economic system based on mass production and mass consumption. refers to Henry Ford's effort to organize workers into a union.

describes an economic system based on mass production and mass consumption.

The Progressive era was a period of explosive growth. Which of the following fueled this process? decline in population women's activists ban on immigration decline in consumption expansion of the consumer market

expansion of the consumer market

As the consumer age started, what buzzwords did many companies use to sell their products? freedom and liberty honest and trustworthy dependable and secure cheap and inexpensive rich and elegant

freedom and liberty

One significant economic impact of the second industrial revolution was a)frequent and prolonged economic depressions. b)higher prices for agricultural products and foodstuffs. c)a more stable economy. d)the introduction of socialism. e)a more equitable distribution of wealth.

frequent and prolonged economic depressions.

The section of the World's Columbian Exposition celebrated the __________. victory of virtue over vice role of Christianity in industrial progress triumph of the white race global achievements of American industry

global achievements of American industry

Radical Republicans a)voted against the Fourteenth Amendment. b)opposed the Reconstruction Act. c)believed it was necessary to reduce federal power in order to establish and protect civil rights. d)all supported Thaddeus Stevens's land distribution proposal. e)hoped to institutionalize the principle of equal rights for all, regardless of race.

hoped to institutionalize the principle of equal rights for all, regardless of race.

Where was the focus of Progressive politics? inside the factories in the cities in the South in the West in rural areas

in the cities

The second industrial revolution was marked by a)increased activity in the mining and railroad industries. b)the rapid expansion of industry across the South. c)a return to handmade goods. d)a more equalized distribution of wealth. e)a decline in the growth of cities.

increased activity in the mining and railroad industries.

Andrew Johnson A.)agreed with Lincoln that some African-Americans should be allowed suffrage rights. B.)lacked Lincoln's political skills and keen sense of public opinion. C.)simply continued Lincoln's Reconstruction policies. D.)displayed a great ability to compromise, very much like Lincoln. E.)won the Democratic presidential nomination in 1868 but narrowly lost the election.

lacked Lincoln's political skills and keen sense of public opinion.

The Triangle Shirtwaist fire resulted in the death of hundreds of Chinese and Mexican immigrants. ed to legislation aimed at improving factory safety standards. led to labor legislation protecting the rights of working women. destroyed an entire factory in Boston. changed the way clothes were manufactured in the United States.

led to legislation aimed at improving factory safety standards.

Which of the following did the Knights of Labor try to eliminate? labor unions massive strikes liberty of contract the Sherman Anti-Trust Act Protestantism

liberty of contract

Newspaper and magazine writers who exposed the ills of industrial and urban life, fueling the Progressive movement, were known as activists. progressives. muckrakers. yellow press. dreamers.

muckrakers

The Indian victory at the Little Bighorn came after an unprovoked attack by Indians. brought an end to the hostilities. only temporarily delayed the advance of white settlement. resulted in no U.S. Army casualties. was typical at the time.

only temporarily delayed the advance of white settlement.

William Cody, popularly known as "Buffalo Bill," was a native leader whose lands were taken by the US government. led one of the most devastating campaigns against Native American tribes. popularized the image of the West as being both wild and romantic with his "Wild West" shows. emphasized the struggles of farm families and labor conflict in mining centers in the West. argued the West should not be inhabited by whites because there was too much violence.

popularized the image of the West as being both wild and romantic with his "Wild West" shows.

The cattle drives in the 1860s-1870s would not have been possible without __________. rail lines to eastern markets steamship transport from the Texas coast to New York City the Homestead Act new laws establishing American ownership of range cattle

rail lines to eastern markets

The annexation of the Philippines by the United States __________. gave control of the government to Emilio Aguinaldo resulted in a four-year war of conquest by the Americans assured Philippine independence ended the Philippine independence movement

resulted in a four-year war of conquest by the Americans

Life in the urban areas was characterized by consistent and homogeneous economic betterment. gender equality. less income inequality. social equality in terms of economic opportunities. sharp inequalities.

sharp inequalities.

What was the purpose and approach of the Dawes Act? to attack "tribalism" by dividing the land of nearly all tribes and distributing it to Indian families to imprison Native leaders by arguing that they had destroyed western soil and, thus, agriculture to remove all Indians from the West and confiscate their property to redistribute the land of the different tribes by respecting their customs and habits to control and supervise tribal life by legally regulating their customs and habits

to attack "tribalism" by dividing the land of nearly all tribes and distributing it to Indian families

What was the aim of Carlisle, a boarding school for Indians? to prepare them for reservation life to civilize the Indians, making them "American," as whites defined the term to prepare them to enlist in the U.S. military to train them in the professional skills necessary to return to the reservations as doctors and teachers to convert them to Christianity so that they would become missionaries on the reservations

to civilize the Indians, making them "American," as whites defined the term

Businesses organized company towns mainly __________. under government pressure at the demand of unions to improve the lives of their workers to maximize company control over workers' lives

to maximize company control over workers' lives

The word "Progressivism" came into common use around 1910 to refer to a group of people who wanted to bring change to America. and was used within intellectual circles. to show that progress was not always positive. to represent those hoping to maintain the status quo. was used to refer to the period when Americans enjoyed racial equality for the first time.

to refer to a group of people who wanted to bring change to America.

The Black Codes a)overturned the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and the Fourteenth Amendment. b)demonstrated to many Republicans in Congress that President Johnson's Reconstruction plan was a success. c)remained a part of southern state laws throughout Radical Reconstruction. d)violated free labor principles so celebrated by the North at the time. e)were created by the Freedmen's Bureau.

violated free labor principles so celebrated by the North at the time.

The Knights of Labor cooperated with big business because they sought to be as prosperous as business owners. was an inclusive group that called for an array of reforms including the eight-hour workday. organized only skilled, white, native-born workers. exclusively admitted men and supported the idea that women should not be allowed to work. never had more than a few hundred members due to a downturn in labor organizing in the 1880s.

was an inclusive group that called for an array of reforms including the eight-hour workday.

By 1890, the majority of the American workforce a)was composed of women and children. b)owned small artisan shops. c)was unionized. d)worked in rural areas. e)worked for wages.

worked for wages.

The Homestead Act granted 160 acres of public domain to any settler who __________. was willing to pay $5 an acre would live on the land and improve it for five years was willing to share his produce with the government had served in the military for two years

would live on the land and improve it for five years