exam 10

A project requires an initial investment in equipment of $90,000 and then requires an investment in working capital of $10,000 at the beginning (t = 0). The project is expected to produce sales revenues of $120,000 for three years. Manufacturing costs are estimated to be 60% of the revenues. The assets are depreciated using straight-line depreciation. At the end of the project, the firm can sell the equipment for $10,000. The corporate tax rate is 30% and the cost of capital is 15%. What would the NPV of the project be if the revenues were higher by 10% and the costs were 65% of the revenues?

$5566

You are given the following data for year-1: Revenues = 100, Fixed costs = 30; Total variable costs = 50; Depreciation = $10; Tax rate = 30%. Calculate the after tax cash flow for the project for year-1.

$17

Calculator Company proposes to invest $5 million in a new calculator making plant. Fixed costs are $2 million a year. A calculator costs $5/unit to manufacture and can be sold for $20/unit. If the plant lasts for 3 years and the cost of capital is12%, what is the approximate break-even level (i.e. NPV = 0) of annual sales? (Assume no taxes.)(approximately)

$272,117 units

A project requires an initial investment in equipment of $90,000 and then requires an investment in working capital of $10,000 at the beginning (t = 0). The project is expected to produce sales revenues of $120,000 for three years. Manufacturing costs are estimated to be 60% of the revenues. The assets are depreciated using straight-line depreciation. At the end of the project, the firm can sell the equipment for $10,000. The corporate tax rate is 30% and the cost of capital is 15%. What would the NPV if the discount rate were higher by 10%?

$5648

Petroleum Inc. owns a lease to extract crude oil from sea. It is considering the construction of a deep-sea oil rig at a cost of $50 million (I0) and is expected to remain constant. The price of oil is $50/bbl and the extraction costs are $20/bbl. The quantity of oil Q = 200,000 bbl per year forever. The risk-free rate is 10% per year, which is also the cost of capital (Ignore taxes). Calculate the NPV to invest today.

+10,000,000

Taj Mahal Tour Company proposes to invest $3 million in a new tour package project. Fixed costs are $1 million per year. The tour package costs $500 and can be sold at $1500 per package to tourists. This tour package is expected to be attractive for the next five years. If the cost of capital is 20%, what is the NPV break-even number of tourists per year? (Ignore taxes, give an approximate answer)

2000

After the completion of project analysis, the final decision on the project would be from:

NPV

Option to abandon a project is a:

Put option

Discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis generally

assumes that firms hold assets passively when it invests in a project

Option to expand a project is a:

Call option

You are given the following data for year-1. Revenue = $43; Total costs = $30; Depreciation = $3; Tax rate = 30%. Calculate the operating cash flow for the project for year- 1.

$10

Calculator Company proposes to invest $5 million in a new calculator making plant. Fixed costs are $2 million a year. A calculator costs $5/unit to manufacture and can be sold for $20/unit. If the plant lasts for 3 years and the cost of capital is 12%, what is the approximate break-even level (accounting) of annual sales? (Assume no taxes.)(approximately)

$244,444 units

Simulation models are useful:

I) To understand the project better II) To forecast expected cash flows III) To assess the project risk

You are planning to produce a new action figure called "Hillary". However, you are very uncertain about the demand for the product. If it is a hit, you will have net cash flows of $50 million per year for 3 years (starting next year). If it fails, you will only have net cash flows of $10 million per year for 2 years (starting next year). There is an equal chance that it will be a hit or failure (probability = 50%). You will not know whether it is a hit or a failure until the first year's cash flows are in. You have to spend $80 million immediately for equipment and the rights to produce the figure. If you can sell your equipment for $60 million once the first year's cash flows are received, calculate the NPV with the abandonment option. (The discount rate is 10%)

+13.99

Petroleum Inc. owns a lease to extract crude oil from sea. It is considering the construction of a deep-sea oil rig at a cost of $50 million (I0) and is expected to remain constant. The price of oil is $50/bbl and the extraction costs are $20/bbl. The quantity of oil Q = 200,000 bbl per year forever. The risk-free rate is 10% per year which is also the cost of capital (Ignore taxes). Suppose the oil price is uncertain and can be $70/bbl or $40/bbl next year. If the project if postponed by one year, calculate the value of the option to wait for one year: (approximately)

+15,000,000

You are planning to produce a new action figure called "Hillary". However, you are very uncertain about the demand for the product. If it is a hit, you will have net cash flows of $50 million per year for 3 years (starting next year). If it fails, you will only have net cash flows of $10 million per year for 2 years (starting next year). There is an equal chance that it will be a hit or failure (probability = 50%). You will not know whether it is a hit or a failure until the first year's cash flows are in. You have to spend $80 million immediately for equipment and the rights to produce the figure. If you can sell your equipment for $60 million once the first year's cash flows are received, calculate the value of the abandonment option. (The discount rate is 10%)

+23.14

Petroleum Inc. owns a lease to extract crude oil from sea. It is considering the construction of a deep-sea oil rig at a cost of $50 million (I0) and is expected to remain constant. The price of oil is $50/bbl and the extraction costs are $20/bbl. The quantity of oil Q = 200,000 bbl per year forever. The risk-free rate is 10% per year, which is also the cost of capital (Ignore taxes). Suppose the oil price is uncertain and can be $70/bbl or $40/bbl next year and then expected NPV of the project if postponed by one year is:

+25,000,000

A project has an initial investment of $150. You have come up with the following estimates of revenues and costs. Calculate the NPV assuming that cash flow and perpetuities. (No taxes.) (Cost of capital = 10%)

-100, +150, +350

A project has an initial investment of 100. You have come up with the following estimates of the projects with cash flows. If the cash flows are perpetuities and the cost of capital is 10%. What does a sensitivity analysis of NPV (no taxes) show?

-50, 20, +100

You are planning to produce a new action figure called "Hillary". However, you are very uncertain about the demand for the product. If it is a hit, you will have net cash flows of $50 million per year for 3 years (starting next year). If it fails, you will only have net cash flows of $10 million per year for 2 years (starting next year). There is an equal chance that it will be a hit or failure (probability = 50%). You will not know whether it is a hit or a failure until the first year's cash flows are in. You have to spend $80 million immediately for equipment and the rights to produce the figure. If the discount rate is 10%, calculate the NPV without the abandonment option.

-9.15

A project has the following cash flows: C0 = -100,000; C1 = 50,000; C2 = 150,000; C3 = 100,000. If the discount rate changes from 12% to 15%, what is the change in the NPV of the project (approximately)?

12,750 decrease

A project requires an initial investment in equipment of $90,000 and then requires an investment in working capital of $10,000 at the beginning (t = 0). The project is expected to produce sales revenues of $120,000 for three years. Manufacturing costs are estimated to be 60% of the revenues. The assets are depreciated using straight-line depreciation. At the end of the project, the firm can sell the equipment for $10,000. The corporate tax rate is 30% and the cost of capital is 12%. Calculate the NPV of the project:

14,418

You have come up with the following estimates of project cash flows: The cash flows are perpetuities and the cost of capital is 8%. What does a sensitivity analysis of NPV (without taxes) show?

25, +232.50, +440

Financial Calculator Company proposes to invest $12 million in a new calculator making plant. Fixed costs are $3 million a year. A financial calculator costs $10 per unit to manufacture and can be sold for $30 per unit. If the plant lasts for 4 years and the cost of capital is 20%, what is the accounting break-even level? (Approximately)(Assume no taxes.)

300,000 units

Financial Calculator Company proposes to invest $12 million in a new calculator making plant. Fixed costs are $3 million a year. A financial calculator costs $10 per unit to manufacture and can be sold for $30 per unit. If the plant lasts for 4 years and the cost of capital is 20%, what is the break-even level (i.e. NPV = 0) of annual rates? (Approximately)(Assume no taxes.)

381,777 units

Hammer Company proposes to invest $6 million in a new type of hammer-making equipment. The fixed costs are $0.5 million per year. The equipment is expected to last for five years. The manufacturing cost per hammer is $1and the selling price per hammer is $6. Calculate the break-even (i.e. NPV = 0) volume per year. (Ignore taxes.)

500,000 units

KMW Inc. sells a finance textbook for $150 each. The variable cost per book is $30 and the fixed cost per year is $30,000. The process of creating a textbook costs $150,000 and the average book has a life span of 3 years. Using straight line depreciation and a tax rate of 25%, what is the economic or present value break even number of books that must be sold given a discount rate of 12%?

582

Hammer Company proposes to invest $6 million in a new type of hammer-making equipment. The fixed costs are $1.0 million per year. The equipment is expected to last for five years. The manufacturing cost per hammer is $1 and the selling price per hammer is $6. Calculate the break-even (i.e. NPV = 0) volume per year. (Ignore taxes.)

600,000 units

KMW Inc. sells a finance textbook for $150 each. The variable cost per book is $30 and the fixed cost per year is $30,000. The process of creating a textbook costs $150,000 and the average book has a life span of 3 years. Using straight line depreciation and a tax rate of 25%, What is the accounting break even number of books that must be sold? A. 582

667

A project requires an initial investment in equipment of $90,000 and then requires an investment in working capital of $10,000 at the beginning (t = 0). The project is expected to produce sales revenues of $120,000 for three years. Manufacturing costs are estimated to be 60% of the revenues. The assets are depreciated using straight-line depreciation. At the end of the project, the firm can sell the equipment for $10,000. The corporate tax rate is 30% and the cost of capital is 15%. Calculate the NPV of the project:

8443

A project requires an initial investment in equipment of $90,000 and then requires an investment in working capital of $10,000 at the beginning (t = 0). The project is expected to produce sales revenues of $120,000 for three years. Manufacturing costs are estimated to be 60% of the revenues. The assets are depreciated using straight-line depreciation. At the end of the project, the firm can sell the equipment for $10,000. The corporate tax rate is 30% and the cost of capital is 15%. Cash flows from the project are:

CF0: -100,000; CF1: 42,600; CF2: 42,600; CF3: 59,600

Everything else remaining the same, an increase in fixed costs:

I) increases the break-even point based on NPV II) increases the accounting break-even point

Which of the following simulation outputs is likely to be most useful and easy to interpret? The output shows the distribution(s) of the project:

Cash flows

Generally, the simulation models for projects are developed using a:

Computer

Monte Carlo simulation is likely to be most useful:

For very complex problems

Firms often calculate a project's break-even sales using book earnings. Generally, break- even sales based on NPV is:

Higher than the one calculated using book earnings

A firm's capital investment proposals should reflect

I) Capital budgeting process II) Strategic planning process

The following options associated with a project increases managerial flexibility:

I) Option to expand II) Option to abandon III) Production options IV) Timing options

Project analysis, in addition to NPV analysis, includes the following procedures:

I) Sensitivity analysis II) Break-even analysis III) Monte Carlo simulation IV) Scenario Analysis

Monte Carlo simulation involves the following steps:

I) Step 1: Modeling the project II) Step 2: Specifying probabilities III) Step 3: Simulate the cash flows IV) Step 4: Calculate present value

Generally, postaudits for projects are conducted:

I) to identify problems that need fixing II) to check the accuracy of forecasts III) to come up with questions that should have been asked before the project was undertaken

The Consumer- Mart Company is going to introduce a new consumer product. If brought to market without research about consumer tastes the firm believes that there is a 60% chance that the product will be successful. If successful, the project has a NPV = $500,000. If the product is a failure (40%) and withdrawn from the market, then NPV = -$100,000. A consumer survey will cost $60,000 and delay the introduction by one year. If the survey is successful, then there is an 80% chance of consumer acceptance, in which case the NPV = $500,000. If, on the other hand the survey is a failure, then NPV = -$100,000. The discount rate is 10%. By how much does the marketing survey change the expected net present value of the project? (approximately)

Increase the NPV by $25,455

The following are real options except:

Timing options

Given the following net future values for harvesting trees (one time harvest): If the cost of capital is 15%, calculate the optimal year to harvest:

Year 3

Which of the following statements most appropriately describes "Scenario Analysis".

it looks at different but consistent combination of variables

The following are drawbacks of sensitivity analysis except:

it provides additional information about the project that is useful.

Generally, postaudits are conducted for large projects:

shortly after the project has begun to operate

The NPV break-even point occurs when:

the present value of inflows line cuts the present value of outflows line

The accounting break-even point occurs when:

the total revenue line cuts the total cost line