Exam 1118
Electrolytes are not measured by weight; their chemical activity is expressed in milliequivalents. What does 1 mEq of potassium have the same combining power as?
1 mEq of hydrogen
The nurse accidently spills blood from a specimen container. The first action the nurse takes is to don gloves. What should the nurse then spray the fluid with?
10% bleach solution
What is the normal range of Sodium?
135-145 mEq/L
What is the normal range of Potassium?
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
The nurse must keep an accurate intake and output record to assess kidney efficiency. In order for the kidneys to remove waste, what is the least amount of hourly urine output the kidneys must produce to remove waste?
30 mL
Dorsal Cavity
Contains the brain and spinal cord
What technique should the nurse use when disposing of linens contaminated with feces
Don gloves only
How should the nurse position the ear pinna when using the tympanic thermometer on a child?
Downward and back
What must the nurse do before applying a safety reminder device (SRD)?
Get a health care provider's order.
The nurse is concerned when a patient admitted with a diagnosis of pneumonia suddenly develops a urinary tract infection (UTI). What type of infection is this UTI considered?
Health care-associated infection
What part of the body maintains a balance between heat production and heat loss, regulating body temperature?
Hypothalamus
Superficial
Near the surface of the body
Proximal
Nearest to the trunk or point of origin
What should a nurse do when encountering a mercury spill?
Open any outside windows.
Which word is defined as the study of the function of living organisms and their parts?
Physiology
What does the acronym PASS stand for?
Pull Aim Squeeze Sweep
What does the acronym RACE stand for?
Rescue the patient Alarm (set the alarm) Contain the fire Evacuate or Extinguish
Posterior
Toward the back
What is a fomite?
a vehicle is an inanimate (nonliving) object
The primary function of the skin is
protection.
The positively charged ion with the greatest concentration in the blood is
sodium
Muscle is connected to bone by
tendons
A nurse is observing isolation precautions by wearing a mask while performing complex patient care. How often should the nurse change masks?
20 to 30 mins
The nurse encourages a patient who has been vomiting to drink fluids because the body fluid lost daily must match the amount of fluid taken in to maintain homeostasis. What is the recommended daily amount of fluid for an adult?
2500 mL
What is the normal range for WBCs (white blood cells)?
4,500-11,000/mm3
Which type of body tissue contains the least amount of water?
Adipose tissue
Which part of the respiratory system exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide
Alveoli
Which of the following is not a source of water for the body?
Anabolism of food
The emergency department nurse is assessing a puncture wound of the foot. What is the most likely type of infection in this wound?
Anaerobic bacterial infection
When using directional terms to describe the body, it is assumed that the body is in what position?
Anatomical
The nurse is educating a patient regarding the need to avoid foods high in potassium. What food choices led the nurse to conclude that teaching was not effective?
Apricots and asparagus
A patient roughly asks the nurse to bring him some ice cream. What would be considered an assertive response by the nurse?
Assertiveness: I can do that in 10 minutes when I finish my rounds
Lateral
Away from the midline of the body
Distal
Away from the trunk or point of origin
Which group of people has the highest percentage of body water?
Babies
A nurse is performing an admission assessment on a patient with suspected tuberculosis. What is the greatest risk of exposure to tuberculosis?
Before a diagnosis is made
What are the three buffer systems of the body?
Bicarbonate/carbonic acid system Respiratory system Renal System
Three body systems work at different speeds to keep the pH in the narrow range of normal. What is the order of effectiveness for these three systems?
Blood buffers, lungs, and kidneys
What are the three types of passive transport?
Diffusion Osmosis Filtration
Sodium is the most abundant electrolyte in the body. The location of electrolytes is important for maintaining homeostasis. Sodium is the major electrolyte in which fluid compartment?
Extracellular
The nurse uses a diagram to show that fluids in the interstitial and intravascular compartments are combined. What do they combine to form?
Extracellular compartment
What does therapeutic communication accomplish?
Facilitates the formation of a positive nurse-patient relationship.
Deep
Farther away from the surface of the body
What should the nurse do when offering a cup of hot coffee to a frail, older adult patient?
Fill the cup half full
A nurse is performing an admission assessment on a patient with suspected tuberculosis. What assessment findings by the nurse are consistent with tuberculosis?
Hemoptysis
What does actively transporting electrolytes from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration require?
Hydrostatic pressure
A nurse assesses an edematous cardiac patient. The nurse is aware that this condition is a result of retained fluid. What is the patient considered to be?
Hypernatremic
What is important for the nurse to determine in order to decrease the risk for injury to a patient?
If patient ambulates with assistive device
When assessing a patient for signs of an infection, the nurse recognizes which laboratory result as indicative of an infection?
Increased white blood cell count
What does maintaining eye contact for 2 to 6 seconds during communication with a patient do?
Indicates continuous focused attention
The nurse manager is providing an in-service regarding a "safe hospital environment." What will this education mainly focus on preventing?
Injury
When a patient takes substances into the body, they first enter the extracellular compartment. What must the substances enter to carry out their function?
Intracellular compartment
What additional complication does a disease caused by a virus have, compared to a disease caused by bacteria?
Is not killed by antibiotics.
What is one of the main characteristics of therapeutic communication?
It involves the patient as a person
What is true regarding surgical asepsis?
It is known as a sterile technique
The nurse is alarmed when a patient with a severe head injury of the occipital lobe has a respiratory rate of 10 breaths/min. Where might this finding indicate that there is an injury?
Medulla oblongata
Which of the following will result in a patient with excessive diarrhea
Metabolic acidosis
A patient began vomiting and continued to do so for several hours. What is the result of this loss of stomach contents?
Metabolic alkalosis
What should the nurse expect when assessing a patient with respiratory alkalosis?
Muscle weakness/Tetany
The lactating mother is counseled by the nurse to eat adequate amounts of meat and legumes. What level will this help to increase?
Phosphorus
The emergency department nurse admits a victim of poisoning. Who should the nurse call to receive the best assistance for dealing with this victim?
Poison control center
A nurse is standing at the bedside with the patient lying in bed. What can the nurse be construed as demonstrating?
Power
Cardiovascular System
Primary system for transporting materials to every cell in the body
A patient is suspected of having a cardiac arrhythmia. The nurse is concerned with the findings of an apical rate of 88 and a radial rate of 80. What is the term for the difference between these two rates?
Pulse deficit
The nurse modifies the care plan for the immobilized patient after assessing a calcium level of 6.2 mEq/L. What nursing assessment should the nurse include when modifying this care plan?
Renal Calculi
A patient admitted in a state of extreme anxiety has vital signs of T 98.6°F (37°C), P 81, BP 130/86, R 32. What will result if this hyperventilation continues?
Respiratory alkalosis
What can result from the nurse consistently performing hand hygiene and using sterile supplies when caring for patients in the hospital setting
Risk of infection is reduced
List the four signs of inflammation.
Rubor or redness swelling or edema pain or tenderness warmth or heat
What therapeutic communication technique requires a great deal of skill and is not used as frequently as other communication techniques?
Silence
Skeletal System
System that has a secondary function of storing calcium and phosphorus for the body
Muscular System
System that has the ability to contract by conscious nerve regulation
Nervous System
System that regulates body functions rapidly but for a short duration
Endocrine System
System that regulates body functions slowly but for a longer duration
Which describes the anatomical relationship of the wrist to the elbow?
The elbow is proximal to the wrist
Abdominopelvic Cavity
The lower part of the ventral body cavity
Homeostasis of the hydrogen ion concentration in body fluids depends on the ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate in the extracellular fluid. What is this ratio?
The ratio needed for homeostasis is 1 part carbonic acid to 20 parts bicarbonate.
The nurse is providing teaching to elementary students regarding vectors. What example will the nurse provide as an example of a vector?
Tick whose bite caused Lyme disease
A group of cells that act together to perform a function is called a(n)
Tissue
A patient does not speak English; therefore, the nurse cannot use words to provide comfort during a painful procedure. What is another intervention that may provide comfort to this patient?
Touch
The infection control officer is observing hospital staff for appropriate use of aseptic technique. What observation demonstrates the need for more instruction on surgical asepsis?
Touching edges of the sterile field with sterile gloves.
Inferior
Toward the feet or below
Anterior
Toward the front
Superior
Toward the head or above
Medial
Toward the midline of the body
What skills should health care workers frequently attend in-services about to ensure that staff has competent skills and risk for falls can be decreased?
Transferring
A child has been having an asthma attack for the last 8 hours. Because of the child's inability to exhale effectively, the nurse assesses for respiratory acidosis.
True
What important safety precaution should the home health nurse teach parents in order to prevent burns to small children?
Turn pot handles on stoves away from reach
A nurse instructs a unlicensed assistive personnel about the proper use of a gait belt and is observing a return demonstration. What action by the unlicensed assistive personnel should cause the nurse to intervene?
Unlicensed assistive personnel is walking on the patient's strong side.
The nurse weighs a patient at the same time of day with the same scale and same clothing. What is this a simple and accurate method of determining?
Water balance
The nurse explains that a normal adult will lose approximately 350 mL of water through respiration in the course of a(n) ________.
a day
The levels of organization from most simple to most complex are
chemical--> cell--> tissue organ--> system.
The negatively charged ion with the greatest concentration in the blood is
chloride.
Loss of skin elasticity is a clinical sign of
dehydration
The prone position
describes the body lying face down
The supine position
describes the body lying face up.
The two major body cavities are called
dorsal and ventral.
The human body tries to maintain a constant body temperature. This is an example of
homeostasis
The largest volume of water in the body is located in
intracellular fluid
The nurse expects an adult with normal ______________ function to void a minimum of 120 mL of urine in 4 hours.
kidney
Define apnea
absence of breathing
Diaphragm
A muscular sheet dividing the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
What is the nurse closely assessing for in a patient with hypokalemia?
Cardiac complications
What site should be selected if a peripheral pulse needs to be assessed quickly?
Carotid pulse
Thoracic Cavity
Cavity that is subdivided in pleural cavities
What is the pulse—the expansion and contraction of an artery— produced by?
Contraction of the left ventricle
What should the nurse focus on when creating a nursing care plan for a patient with metabolic acidosis?
Deep-breathing exercises
The nurse explains to a patient that the drug Lasix reduces edema by drawing water from the interstitial space into the intravascular space. What is this process called?
Osmosis
What is the method by which inhaled oxygen is moved into the intravascular compartment called?
Passive transport
Which word is defined as the scientific study of disease?
Pathology
Which of the following organs do not contribute to fluid output?
Skeletal muscles
The patient in isolation may experience psychological or emotional deprivation. What should the nurse do to help minimize these feelings?
Spend extra time with the patient
What bacteria can lie dormant when conditions for growth are not favorable?
Spores
What bacterium is responsible for more diseases that any other organism?
Streptococcus
Integumentary System
System that contains the body's heaviest organ
What percentage of an adult's body consists of water?
50%-60%
Water is not lost from the
catabolism of food