Exam 2

Which choice is the best definition of culture?

A set of shared attitudes or behaviors that are found in a particular ethnic group

The systematic ways in which our ethics are limited in ways we are not even aware of ourselves is called

Bounded ethicality

Anna is telling Joy all about Maya's recent engagement. Because they share _______________, Anna assumes that Joy knows a little about Maya and George and doesn't need to tell about who they are. If Anna were speaking to someone else, she may need to include more details

Common Ground

If a boy believed that the only variable that affected the distance a ball traveled when thrown was the force with which it was thrown and then conducted a biased "experiment" that proved his assumption which developmental phenomenon according to Piaget is involved?

Concrete operations

The first of two basic stages of self-regulation, called the ________ phase, sees an individual deciding which of many potential goals to pursue at a given point in time

Deliberative

The ___________hypothesis suggests that humans have developed larger brains in order to better maintain large in-groups.

Social brain

In today's society, people are often very busy especially executives causing them to trust certain ways of thinking over others. However, this can lead to many biases and make poor decisions. Which of the following is the best way to reduce bias and improve decision?

Stop trusting System 1 and instead engage System 2 more.

While traveling to the Canada from his home in Europe, Gunther often asks people, "Excuse me, can you please the time tell me?" Even though people understand what he is asking and politely tell him the time, Gunther's incorrect use of __________ threatens his attempts at communicating with others in a language that is foreign to him.

Syntax

Rachel's mother takes her to the pediatrician for her 1-year checkup. Rachel is very friendly towards everyone she meets in the waiting room; she didn't show any reaction when her mother left her in the room nor upon her mother's return. According to Ainsworth, these are indicators that Rachel is:

Unattached

According to Baumrind, the __________ parenting style is marked by low expectations and control combined with low warmth and responsiveness

Uninvolved

Which statement BEST reflects the James-Lange theory of emotion?

We see a monster, our hearts race, we feel fear

You are walking in the forest and see a bear. According to the Cannon-Bard theory, what happens next?

You experience physiological changes and feeling of fear simultaneously

Which of the following refers to a strategy that is used to simplify decision-making, sometimes at the cost of logic and rationality?

a heuristic

As two people have a conversation, a set of utterances that communicates comprehension between them -- which might include "yeah," "sure," or "mm-hm" is called an _________ pair

adjacency

How are concepts mentally represented according to prototype theory?

as a set of weighted features

Constructing or adjusting utterances to suit what your listener already knows is called ________

audience design

People tend to have a preference for the _____level of categorization when they label objects.

basic

Which of the following is consistent with the concept behind drive-states?

drinking glass of water after a long hike

What is the problem with well-defined categories?

many familiar categories cannot be easily defined

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is the notion that the language a person speaks or the linguistic practice can:

strongly influence the thoughts they can have

As a drive state intensifies, attention is directed toward certain elements to ensure the fulfillment of that drive. What is one form of narrowing of attention that occurs during this time?

turning one's focus inward

How do drive states differ from other effective or emotional states?

Drive states generate specific benefits for the body

Addison believes he can get into the local state college and desperately wants to attend. Taken together, his value of the goal and his expectation that he can achieve it show up as his:

Goal commitment

• Chase is a baby with a slow to-warm-up temperament. When his parents take him to a new environment (e.g. a new friend's house), they let him have time to adjust and don't force him to interact too quickly. This match between Chase's temperament and his environment is called _________

Goodness of fit

Cognitive strategies that simplify decision-making by using mental short cuts are called __________. They are sometimes referred to as "rules of thumb.

Heuristics

Jason is the coach of his son's team and must select 3 players to send to all-star game. He chooses his son as one of the players to send. According to the _________ framework, Jason's attempt to think objectively is restricted by a cognitive limitation -- in this case a bias towards his son.

bounded rationality

On Monday morning, Chad asks Jason, "Did you see that amazing game yesterday?" Chad assumes that Jason knows which game he is talking about. This assumption of shared information is called ___ in language.

common ground

If you can clearly state what features are required for membership in a category and which features disqualify membership, then the category is ________.

well-defined