Exam 2: Autonomic Nervous System

sympathetic division

"fight or flight", response to emergencies; heart rate increases, respiration increases, pupils dilate, blood shunts to skeletal muscles

parasympathetic division

"rest & digest", helps maintain homeostasis; heart rate goes down, digestion increases, urinary increases, reproduction increases

T or F The parafollicular cells (C cells) of the thyroid gland produce thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).

False

T or F In the pancreas, beta cell secrete insulin.

True

Bronchoconstriction brought on by various allergens is a _____ response. a .parasympathetic b. sympathetic c. somatic d. visceral afferent

a .parasympathetic

ganglion

a cluster of nerve cell bodies

The hypophyseal portal veins: a. carry hypothalamic hormones to the anterior pituitary. b. receive anterior pituitary hormones as they are secreted. c.supply blood to the primary plexus capillaries in the base of the hypothalamus. d. receive posterior pituitary hormones via the plexus of the infundibular process.

a. carry hypothalamic hormones to the anterior pituitary.

Select the best description of the axons that leave the brain as part of the vagus (X) nerves: a.carry parasympathetic impulses to terminal ganglia in most organs of the ventral cavity b. contain sympathetic preganglionic cell bodies c. sympathetic; sends impulses along postganglionic axons to heart d. contain parasympathetic preganglionic cell bodies e. receives sympathetic preganglionic axons via thoracic splanchnic nerves

a.carry parasympathetic impulses to terminal ganglia in most organs of the ventral cavit

Which of the following statements about the autonomic nervous system is FALSE? a.Autonomic nervous system motor (output) pathways typically contain two motor neurons in series. b. The motor (output) division of the autonomic nervous system has three divisions: parasympathetic, sympathetic, and somatic. c. Autonomic nervous system stimulation may result in excitation or inhibition of smooth muscle or cardiac muscle, or a change in secretory activity in glands. d. Structurally, the autonomic nervous system consists of two main components: a sensory (input) component and a motor (output) component.

b. The motor (output) division of the autonomic nervous system has three divisions: parasympathetic, sympathetic, and somatic.

Milk production in the mammary glands is initiated by a. antidiuretic hormone (ADH) b. prolactin (PRL) c. inhibin d. lactase e. relaxin

b. prolactin (PRL)

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) release affects target cells in which two organs? a. liver and brain b. thymus and thyroid c. bone and kidney d. pancreas and thyroid

c. bone and kidney

Somatic motor neurons synapse with which of the following? a. directly with a visceral effector b. an autonomic ganglion c. directly with skeletal muscle cells d. directly with smooth muscle cells e. the adrenal medulla

c. directly with skeletal muscle cells

The antagonist to parathyroid hormone is ______________.

calcitonin

Which of the following best describes an antagonistic pair of hormones? a. ACTH; FSH b. TH; GH c. insulin; somatostatin d. PTH; calcitonin e. FSH; LH

d. PTH; calcitonin

Which of the following are NOT direct targets of anterior pituitary hormones? a. adrenal cortex b. gonads c. mammary glands d. kidneys e. thyroid gland

d. kidneys

Which endocrine cell releases glucagon? a. delta cell b. f cell c. beta cell d. gamma cell e. alpha cell

e. alpha cell

An overproduction of growth hormone prior to puberty may cause ______________________. a. early onset of old age b. fountain of youth c. cretinism d. dwarfism e. giantism

e. giantism

Which of the following hormones has the ovaries and testes as its target tissue? a. relaxin (RLX) b. progesterone c. inhibin d. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) e.follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

e.follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

importance of vagus nerve

in parasympathetic activity; it partially controls the heart, it helps lower heart rate

sypathetic chain ganglia

innervates the adrenal medulla & secretes epinephrine

basic functions of ANS

involunary activities, glands and muscle tissue

Innervation of the adrenal medulla is provided by the ____________ division of the autonomic nervous system.

sympathetic

postganglionic neurons

the neurons after the ganglion; short in PSYM, long in SYM

preganglionic neurons

the neurons before the ganglion; long in the PSYM, short in SYM