exam 2 bio drugs and society chapter 5

High dose alcohol affects the central nervous system by ____ its function. At higher blood alcohol levels, this leads to ____ heard rate and breathing.

decreasing } decreased

Which of the following would speed up the absorption rate of alcohol?

drinking on an empty stomach

Easy access to alcohol, a permissive societal view of drinking, unsafe living conditions, poor nutrition, and limited access to healthcare and drug recovery programs are examples of what factors associated with increased alcohol use?

environmental

Drinking experience, not heredity, affects the personal ability to tolerate a given amount of alcohol.

false

The amount of pure alcohol consumed per capita is higher in the United States that in European countries, where the drinking ge is 18 or younger.

false

Women have a higher percentage of body water than do men of comparable size, so there is more water to dilute the alcohol they drink.

false

the alcoholic content of most U.S. wines is generally lower than European wines.

false

the effects of long term alcohol abuse on physical health, neurochemistry, and cellular function are fewer and less harsh than for most other psychoactive drugs.

false

The name of the first enzyme involved in the metabolism of alcohol is the alcohol dehydration enzyme.

false. It is alcohol dehydrogenase

Alcohol abuse is defined as a compulsion to drink alcohol and an inability to stop drinking one you start.

false. These are characteristics of alcohol addiction.

The national minimum legal drinking age in the United States is 21. Since 1993 the rate of underage binge drinking in the United States has

increased 50%

Which of the following statements is true about cirrhosis?

it is caused by the toxic effects of alcohol, free radicals, and acetaldehyde.

On average, the body can metabolize and eliminate 1 ounce of pure alcohol in what time frame?

three hours

Alcoholic hepatitis is a disease that affects the liver and is caused by prolonged heavy drinking

true

Although alcohol is absorbed at different rates, metabolism occurs at a relatively defined continuous rate.

true

Blackouts are caused by an alcohol induced electrochemical disruption of the brain.

true

One of the most long lasting effects of alcohol abuse is an inability to experience normal sexual relationhsips

true

Susceptibility to blackouts and brownouts is also a marker for susceptibility to alcoholism.

true

The effects of alcohol depend on the amount ingested over a given period of time.

true

The variation of peoples reactions to alcohol is due in part to hereditary factors that affect how efficiently the body metabolizes alcohol.

true

When other depressants are used, the danger of overdose is greatly increased because metabolism of alcohol take precedence over metabolism of other substances.

true

major alcohol withdrawal symptoms can develop within as short time as 7 consecutive weeks of heavy drinking.

true

A personal reaction to alcohol and level of impairment depends on that personal drinking history, behavioral tolerance, and mood.

true.

Alcohol interacts with more types of receptors, neurotransmitters, and genes that do marijuana and cocaine.

true.

Alcohol is metabolized at a rate of approximately _____ reduction in blood alcohol concentration per hour.

.015

How many standard alcoholic drink would a 125 pound woman need to comsume in one hour to reach the minimum blood alcohol concentration for driving while intoxicated?

2 drinks

For a woman who weighs 125 pounds and has consumed three standard alcoholic drinks in one hour, how long will it take to reach a blood alcohol concentration close to 0.0?

8 hours

Every state defines the legal limit for driving while intoxicated as a blood alcohol concentration of

.08

Worldwide, approximately what percentage of all diseases and injuries are a direct result of alcohol abuse?

10%

In the United States, approximately what percentage of hospital admissions are due to medical complications related alcohol use?

25-30%

For a man who weighs 175 pounds and has consumed three standard alcoholic drinks in one hour, how long will it take to reach a blood alcohol concentration close to 0.0?

5 hours

The life span of a chronic high-dose drinker is

9 to 22 years shorter than that of the general population

A key enzyme involved in the metabolism of alcohol is _____ and is located in the ____ and the ______.

alcohol dehydrogenase; stomach; liver

Binge drinking causes the most problems and is defined as

both a and b, five or more drinks for men at one sitting, four or more for women at one sitting.

Alcoholics are likely to experience which of the following problems with their memory?

both a and b. Retrospective memory and prospective memory.

The effects of alcohol __________ negative emotions such as loneliness, depressions and anger.

deepen

Which of the following would slow the rate of alcohol absorption?

diluting an alcoholic drink with water or ice or alternating every other dink with water or soda.

Prolonged heavy drinking increased sexual functioning, desire, and the intensity of orgasm.

false

When a person who has been drinking can only partially recall the events that occurred after they began drinking, this is known as a

brownout