EXAM 2 CRJ 101 CHAP 7

A _________ is a legal document permitting police to conduct a search or seizure or to arrest someone

warrant

After Mapp v. Ohio, the Supreme Court held that the exclusionary rule applies only to

criminal trials

Officer Johnson is experiencing high levels of stress as a police officer. The single most important factor to help him deal with his stress is:

having a dependable support group

Which of the following statements is NOT accurate about police officers and stress

patrol officers report that they receive a lot of support from their superiors

Detective Smith illegally tapped Johnny's phone and heard Johnny talk about a famous painting that he stole from the Museum of Modern Art. The detective used the information to obtain a warrant to search Johnny's home. In this scenario, the ________ would be suppressed as evidence under the exclusionary rule.

phone tapping and stolen painting

Which of the following acts gave the government wide authority to engage in various kinds of electronic surveillance

the USA PATRIOT Act

The exclusionary states

evidence obtained in violation of an individual's Fourth Amendment rights cannot be used against him or her in a criminal trial

___________ is/are the second leading cause of wrongful convictions

false confessions

Police officers tend to dislike _______ calls, in part because they believe such incidents pose the greatest risk to their own safety

intimate partner

Mandatory arrest policies were created to help reduce police discretion in incidents of

intimate partner violence

The _________ Amendment prohibits compelled confessions

Fifth

Who among the following is responsible for issuing an arrest warrant

the judge

Why would police choose to obtain an arrest warrant?

- the arrest warrant allows them to enter a home to make an arrest - the arrest is less likely to be declared invalid later - the arrest warrant protects the police because a neutral party has ensured that probably cause exists

Which of the following factors helps in determining whether the use of force by the police is reasonable in a situation?

- the severity of the crime - the immediacy of the threat to the safety of officers or others - the suspect's resistance to arrest or his or her attempt to evade arrest by flight

About __________ of police-citizen interactions involve citizen resistance

14 percent

What percentage of female victims of intimate partner violence call the police

50%

Which of the following statements is FALSE about the Sixth Amendment

A defendant who has a lawyer on one charge may not be interrogated by police about a different crime

Which of the following would be considered a private place according to the Fourth Amendment standards

A person's home

Which of the following is a FALSE statement about the Miranda warnings

A suspect cannot consult a lawyer once the questioning begins

Special Agent Collins is a new agent with the Drug Enforcement Agency. He has been investigating a multi-tiered heroin trafficking ring. Special Agent Collins has enough evidence to arrest Todd, a low-level street dealer. After the arrest, Special Agent Collins forgets to read Todd his Miranda rights. While transporting Todd to the detention center, the agent starts asking questions about the drug operation. Which of the following statements is true?

Any information that Special Agent Collins obtains during the transport detention center cannot be used against Todd in court

Which of the following statements is true about Miranda rights

Approximately 75% of suspects waive their Miranda rights

What was the suspect, who was the reason for the search of Mapp's boarding house, accused of in the case of Mapp v. Ohio?

Bombing

The _________ Amendment states that no person "shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself"

Fifth

While interrogating a suspect for murder, the police beat and whipped the suspect in the interview room. This is a violation of the ________ Amendment.

Fifth

The _____ Amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects residents from "unreasonable searches and seizures"

Fourth

Which race or ethnicity makes up the largest percentage of gang members?

Latino

Which of the following cases does NOT define the lawful use of force

Mapp v. Ohio

Which of the following cases resulted in the extension of the exclusionary rule to the actions of state and local law enforcement officials

Mapp v. Ohio

Which of the following cases required that defendants must be informed of certain rights prior to custodial interrogation

Miranda v. Arizona

___________ are not limited by the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution unless they are acting at the request or demand of the government

Private security officers

_____________ is the amount of evidence necessary to obtain a warrant or conduct most searches and seizures

Probable cause

Which of the following is a FALSE statement about the patterns of gang activity

Rural areas have a higher percentage of gang members because youngsters do not have much to do in these communities

In ________, the Court recognized that on occasion police officers apply force that may eventually be determined unconstitutional yet remains protected by qualified immunity

Saucier v. Katz

The _________ Amendment entitles criminal defendants to the help of an attorney at trial

Sixth

In _________, the U.S. Supreme Court held that the use of deadly force was not unreasonable unless the suspect committed a crime that inflicted serious harm and his or her escape posed a significant risk of further serious harm to persons at large

Tennessee v. Gardner

Detective Villanueva reads the Miranda rights to the suspect in a rape case, who waives his rights. During the interrogation of the suspect, Detective Villanueva becomes enraged over the horrific details that the suspect provides. The detective hits the suspect to coerce more details of the crime out of him. In this scenario, which amendment has Detective Villanueva violated?

The Fifth Amendment

Michelle Jones, a suspect in a murder case, hires an attorney and turns herself over to the police, who formally arrest her. While waiting for her attorney at the police station, the detectives handling the case try to talk to Michelle about the murder. In this case, which amendment is being violated?

The Sixth Amendment

Which of the following statements is FALSE about warrants in the Fourth Amendment

The government must obtain a warrant before agents can conduct any reasonable search

Which of the following is true of the use of force

The probability of using force and the amount of force significantly increase when the suspect is antagonistic.

The police are looking for Trevor Brown, a suspect in a murder. Detective Lewis obtains Trevor's cell phone number from an informant and calls him. When Trevor receives the call, the detective immediately begins asking questions about the evening of the murder. Detective Lewis does not have to read Trevor his Miranda right because

Trevor Brown is not in Detective Lewis's custody

The Supreme Court first articulated the exclusionary rule in the _________ case

Weeks v. United States

Statistically, which officer is reported to experience the least amount of stress

a white male officer

During a Terry stop, a police officer is allowed to do all of the following EXCEPT

arrest an individual

____________ is the exception that applies when the link between the unconstitutional acts and the evidence becomes weak due to intervening time or events

attenuation

Which of the following is an exception to the search warrant requirement

automobile searches, searches incident to an arrest, stop and frisk (Terry stop)

A _______ arrest is the arrest of both parties in a physical altercation instead of identifying and arresting only the primary aggressor

dual

The derivative evidence rule is also known as the __________ doctrine

fruit of the poisonous tree

The ____________ is when police reasonably believe that the warrant or law authorizing a search or seizure is legitimate, but it later turns out it is not

good faith exception

Michelle Jones, a suspect in a murder case, hires an attorney and turns herself over to the police, who formally arrest her. While waiting for her attorney at the police station, the detectives handling the case try to talk to Michelle about the murder and she confesses the location of the victim's dead body. At the same time that this conversation is taking place, other officers are digging in an open field in search of the victim's body. If the body is found, it will be allowed as evidence in this case because of the _______ exception

inevitable discovery

The ___________ allows for illegally obtained evidence to be admissible if police officers would have found it anyway had they used proper procedures

inevitable discovery exception

The _________ exception allows police to interrogate suspects without first warning them of their rights if there is a significant threat to innocent bystanders

public safety

Bob was a suspect in the kidnapping of an eleven-year-old girl. Officer Adams noticed Bob leaving a grocery store and followed him. This led to a high-speed pursuit down several congested city streets. As a result of the pursuit, Officer Adams and Bob both hit several moving and stopped vehicles. Officer Adams and his police department will most likely not be held financially responsible for any harm caused because of:

qualified immunity

In order for an act to be a search or seizure, the target of the act must have a(n) _________ expectation of privacy

reasonable

A Terry stop is permitted when police have _________ to believe that a person is engaged in criminal activity

reasonable suspicion

Detective Smith illegally tapped Johnny's phone and heard Johnny talk about a famous painting that he stole from the Museum of Modern Art. The detective used the information to obtain a warrant to search Johnny's home. In this scenario, the ________ would be the fruit of the poisonous tree

search warrant

Informing suspects of their rights was seen as the only effective way to safeguard their privilege against:

self-incriminalizatin

On illegally entering Matthew's house to search for drugs, the police find evidence that Kristina is involved in a money-laundering scheme. Kristina does not live in Matthew's house. The evidence can be used against Kristina because she does not have:

standing

Testimonial evidence include _________

statements made by the suspect

__________ allows evidence to be admissible if its discovery was not related to any improper search or seizure

the independent source exception

Overall, ________ of the people who experienced use of force believed that the force used against them was excessive.

three-fourths

The __________ test established by the Supreme Court means that confessions are inadmissible unless made willingly

voluntariness