Exam #2 Diverse Populations

The beliefs of individuals about their own _________ __________ tend to be similar to, and more positive than, the beliefs of those _____________ the group.

ethnic group; outside

_______________ refers to how members of a group perceive themselves and how they are in turn perceived by others.

ethnicity

What word best describes a group of people within a larger society that is socially distinguished or set apart by others and/or by itself, primarily on the basis of racial and/or cultural characteristics?

ethnic

Ones __________ ___________ is distinguished by commonalities (shared beliefs, common origins, and shared activities).

ethnic group

What word has replaced tribe and is used as an expression of diversity both within and across modern nation-state boundaries?

ethnic group

____________________ focuses on the roles occupied by males, females, and intersected persons.

gender

Instead of American focusing on a melting pot concept of cultures, it is now known as what?

salad bowl

_________________ refers to a practice of acculturation that seeks to merge small ethnic and linguistically diverse communities into a single dominant national culture.

Americanization

What are some examples of centrism?

Anglo-centrism, Afrocentrism, Eurocentrism

A ______________ is a major division of an organized body of believers. Very popular in the Christian religion

Church

True of False: Intercultural interactions do not involve mutual or reciprocal exchanges.

FALSE

True of False: Tolerance is a celebration of harmony in similarity.

FALSE; harmony in difference

True or False: Race has scientifically been equated with any mental characteristics such as intelligence, personality, or character.

False; has not

What are some people that took part in the counter. culture movement?

Hippies (Woodstock festival)

________ means between or amount cultures.

Intercultural

Who said, "Prejudice narrows understanding by biassing our judgements and predetermining what will be discovered from exploring or environment. Such thinking promotes ignorance and demotes knowledge. Prejudice constrains caring for others, it clues rather than includes. Such negative feelings strain the bongs of the human connection by replacing helping with hurting, by substituting domination control for democratic sharing"?

James Jones

_____________ simply refers to the country where a person was born.

Nationality

True or False: Some people believe that their cultural ways are valid and superior to others.

TRUE

The prices by which the members of a society are taught the elements of that society's cultures--everyone goes through it (immigrants and non immigrants)

acculturation

Tolerance does not impolite toleration of social injustice, but rather the freedom for what?

all peoples to follow their own convictions

_____________________ refers to a person who exhibits masculine and feminine qualities, appearances, or behaviors.

androgynous

What is the part of a child's socialization process in which one acquires a culture?

enculturation

A _____________________ has to do with faith and trust in the truth. It often refers to _____________ in existence of something abstract or intangible.

belief; faith

Creed derives from the Latin credo, meaning "I ______________"

believe

What is a personal preference that prevents one from making a fair judgement?

bias

What word best describes a preconceived outlook?

bias

_______________ is a stubborn intolerance of any race, nationality, or creed that differs from one's own.

bigotry

refers to movements which focus on a particular subculture or perspective--such movements often promote the achievements of people who stand out from their group

centrism

___________________ is an earnest and profound believe in something, such as religious doctrines.

conviction

Within what type of society is a home to diverse types of people whose differences are respected?

cosmopolitanism

What was a protest movement in the late 1960's in which young people formed their own culture in opposition of the culture in Middle America?

counter culture

A ___________________ is an accepted system of religious belief.

creed

A _______________- are usually considered to be unorthodox religions and are identified by their special ceremonies and symbols.

cult

What is the term that best describes a particular religious group devoted to as particular ideal or leader?

cult

What is synonymous with culture pluralism?

cultural diversity

What is the closing off or one culture from others?

cultural encapsulation

What is the belief that diverse groups consist within America society and maintain a culturally distinct identity?

cultural pluralism

_________________ ________________ is the process of learning about other cultures in order to foster social harmony and growth.

cultural understanding

What is the common body of knowledge that allows diverse people to communicate, work together, and live together?

culture

What is the form of literacy that refers to the names, phrases, events, and other items that are similar to most educated persons in a given culture?

culture literacy

Although a person may be born into one _______, many will often ______ or ________ because they like another.

culture; ignore; reject

Scapegoating refers to the ________________ policy of blaming an individual or group when the fault actually lies elsewhere.

deliberate

A _______________ is a religious subgroup with its own special policies and doctrines.

denomination

What differential treatment based on unfair categorization?

discrimination

What term best describes making a distinction against a person not occurring to his or her actual merit based upon a categorical bases?

discrimination

To discriminate is to make a _______________.

distinction

What term best describes a point of difference?

diversity

_________________ commonly implies a variety of differences contained within a larger society.

diversity

A particular principle taught by a religion is called a ___________________.

doctrine

____________________ refers to a set of firmly established doctrines authority put forth by a particular group.

dogma

What is the believe that ones cultural is universally applicable in evaluating and judging human behavior?

ethnocentrism

____________________ refers to the state of being different in a particular situation or context.

exceptionality

_____________ is something that belongs to a person by reason of birth.

heritage

_________________ refers to the state of being composed from dissimilar parts. It implies many different elements working together.

heterogeneity

Within _________________, emphasis is often put on the degree to which the (answer) acts....

microculture

Within a cosmopolitan society, social rewards and granted on what basis?

individual

Stereotyping ignores people as __________________; and instead categories them as members of a group who all think and behave the same way.

individuals

Minority often connotes __________ or ___________ status in comparison to the majority.

inferior; lesser

Discriminations often involves what?

keeping people out of activities or places because of the group in which they belong

To be culture literate, it means to...

know the shared information that binds your culture together

Prejudice is a _________ concept.

learned

What terms best describes the larger political society?

macroculture

Cult is often negative because it often is unethical, ___________________, or coercive techniques of persuasion and control.

manipulative

Within a Salad Bowl culture, it is classified by"

many cultures being tossed together into a larger whole without losing their uniqueness

Americanization is a synonym for what phenomenon?

melting pot

The ____________ _________ is a concept that many cultures can blend into one.

melting pot

What is no longer a goal within American society because it can erst important distinctions of people within it?

melting pot

A denomination is sort of _________________________________.

microculture

Often the ___________, is a sociological term referring to a social group that occupies a subordinate position in society.

minority

What is basically the best culturalism?

monoculturalism

What is the key to ethnocentrism?

monoculturalism

Within ______________________, an individual assumes that his or her culture is universal.

monoculturalism

What term refers to a number of diverse traditions, customs, arts, languages, values, and beliefs existing side-to-side?

multicultural

What are frequently the foundation of prejudice?

negative stereotyping

Within a cosmopolitan society, people are united by shared _______________ goals,, interests, and other common cultures.

political

What word usually refers to forming unfavorable opinions or attitudes without reason of knowledge?

prejudice

__________________ means passing judgement prematurely.

prejudice

Unfavorable bias may lead to what?

prejudiced behavior

When we react on our ________________, we engage in ________________.

prejudices; discrimination

_____________________ attitudes and ___________________ acts often lead to scapegoating.

prejudicial; discriminatory

When thinking about racism, it can be assumed that physical attributes of a racial group determine their social behavior as well as their ____________________ and ____________________ characteristics.

psychological; intellectual

_______________ is an anthropological concept used to divide humankind into categories based on physical characteristics (size and shape of head, eyes, ears, lips, nose, color of skin, and color of eyes).

race

What term best describes the belief that one's own race is superior to another?

racism

______________________________ means blaming another group or individual for things they did not really do.

scapegoating

To _____________ is to separate or set apart from another group.

segregation

What typically depends on specific racial, religious, or cultures group forced to withdraw from the general body of society?

segregation

What word refers to the general way a person identifies his or her own sexual identity, based upon feelings of attraction toward other people and how one acts upon those attractions.

sexual orientation

______________ ______________ is an outdated terms because sexual orientation is now formed by a complicated network of social, cultural, biological, economic, and political factors.

sexual preference

Gender is _____________________.

sociological

Racial __________________, typically ignore skin color, ignore people as individuals, instead looping them into general _____________.

stereotypes; groups

What term best describes the preconceived or oversimplified generalization involving beliefs about a particular group?

stereotyping

_____________ is literally a "stain" on one's reputation. This implies disgrace, discredit, and reproach.

stigma

__________________ is an active affirmation of human rights, an acceptance of diversity, and a practice of peaceful co-existence.

tolerance

_____________ is an entity distinguished by commonalities.

tribe

True of False: Groups that are scapegoated upon are often denied employment, housing, political rights, or social privileges.

true

True or False: Cults often enforce isolation from former friends and families, use of special methods to heighten suggestibility and subservience, suspension of individuality or critical judgement, and promotion of total dependency on the group and fear of leaving it.

true

True or false: Distinctions typically lead to prejudiced actions of treatments.

true

True or false: One's nationality is not necessarily tied to one's culture, ethnicity, or race.

true

Prejudice is usually an ___________________ judgements accompanied by disapproval.

unsupported

What are three things that scapegoating can lead to?

verbal and physical violence, including death