Exam 2

Which of the following statements about 360-degree feedback is most likely true? Few global firms use 360-degree feedback because of its mixed development results. Research shows that 360-degree feedback ratings change significantly over time. 360-degree feedback should be built around a competency model. Most firms use 360-degree feedback as a development tool rather than for performance appraisal purposes.

360-degree feedback should be built around a competency model

Concerned with how one gets along with, as opposed to gets ahead of others

Agreeableness

General problem-solving ability

Analytic intelligence

Developing and maintaining relationships that enable people to work together in a community

Building social capital

Which statement about empowerment and the operant approach is most likely true? By changing a particular situation, leaders can enhance followers' motivation, performance, and satisfaction. Most followers enjoy the challenge of doing things in new ways and feel immediately empowered. Restructuring work processes and procedures generally has little effect on follower's motivational levels. A concerning situation can almost always be fixed, and followers are the only variable important in the performance equation.

By changing a particular situation, leaders can enhance followers' motivation, performance, and satisfaction.

Process of building a team of volunteers to accomplish an important community outcome

Community leadership

Which of the following factors causes an employee to leave an organization? scope for long-term employment collegial relationships compensation challenging work

Compensation

Concerned with those behaviors related to people's approach to work.

Conscientiousness

How friendly and supportive a leader is toward subordinates

Consideration

rewards and punishments are administered as consequences of a particular behavior

Contingent rewards

Ability to produce novel and useful work

Creative intelligence

In the context of factors affecting motivation at work, which of the following statements is true of empowerment? Leaders should select only followers who both possess the right skills and have a higher level of a personality trait called achievement orientation. An empowered worker will have fewer choices in how and when to accomplish high work demands and will suffer from more stress than will an unempowered worker. Delegating leadership and decision making down to the lowest level possible is a component of empowerment. Empowered employees lack the latitude to make decisions and are uncomfortable making these decisions.

Delegating leadership and decision making down to the lowest level possible is a component of empowerment.

occurs when an organization's best and brightest become dissatisfied and leave. Most likely to occur when downsizing is the response to organizational decline

Dysfunctional Turnover

Which of the following statements about goals is most likely false? Easily attainable goals result in higher levels of effort and performance. Followers exert the greatest effort when goals are accompanied by feedback. Goal commitment is likely to increase with follower participation in goal setting. Determining just how challenging to make goals creates a dilemma for many leaders.

Easily attainable goals result in higher levels of effort and performance.

Effectiveness involves making judgments about the adequacy of behavior with respect to certain criteria

Effectiveness

Which of the following statements about job satisfaction is true? Employees tend to stay in companies that encourage collegial relationships. Employees tend to stay in organizations when they have limited authority. Employees tend to leave organizations when their managers are too supportive. Employees tend to leave an organization when their work is challenging.

Employees tend to stay in companies that encourage collegial relationships.

delegate leadership and decision making down to the lowest level possible

Empowerment Approach

Extent to which people are absorbed with, committed to, and enthusiastic about their assigned work tasks

Engagement

Involves behaviors more likely to be exhibited in group settings and are generally concerned with getting ahead in life.

Extraversion

Employee engagement

Followers' attitudes about the organization and their work activities

Helping a group or community recognize and define its opportunities and issues in ways that result in effective action

Framing

considered healthy for an organization. Examples: When followers retire, do not fit into the organization, or are substandard workers.

Functional Turnover

Occurs when leaders have little faith in their followers' ability to accomplish a goal.

Golem effect

Biggest obstacle to improving employee engagement

Incompetent management

Which of the following is not a macro psychological component that underlies empowerment? influence learning motivation stress

Influence

How much a leader emphasizes meeting work goals and accomplishing tasks

Initiating structure

What are more difficult to change within the Five-Factor or OCEAN Model of Personality?

Intelligence, Personality Traits, Values/Interests/Motives/Goals

Researchers at the University of Michigan concluded that there are four categories of leadership behaviors related to effective group performance. Identify a true statement about one of the four categories, interaction facilitation.

It includes those behaviors where leaders act to smooth over and minimize conflicts among followers.

In the context of job satisfaction, which of the following is true of role conflict? It pertains to followers' attitudes about the organization and their work activities. It concerns followers' perceptions of whether the level of reward or punishment is commensurate with an individual's performance or infraction. It occurs when leaders or followers are unclear about what they need to do and how they should do it. It occurs when leaders and followers are given incompatible goals to accomplish.

It occurs when leaders and followers are given incompatible goals to accomplish.

In the context of job satisfaction, which of the following best defines the term "employee engagement"? It is a follower's capacity to advance one or more levels within the organization. It is an evaluation of a follower's immediate promotability. It pertains to followers' attitudes about the organization and their work activities. It is the notion of being at work while one's brain is not fully engaged.

It pertains to followers' attitudes about the organization and their work activities.

Which statement best summarizes the components of empowerment as defined by the authors? Leaders articulate a vision and specific goals and hold followers responsible for achieving them. Followers act as entrepreneurs and owners who question rules and make intelligent decisions. Leaders delegate leadership and decision making down to the lowest level possible and equip followers with the resources, knowledge, and skills necessary to make good decisions. Empowerment is a bottom-up approach that focuses on intelligent risk taking, growth, change, trust, and ownership.

Leaders delegate leadership and decision making down to the lowest level possible and equip followers with the resources, knowledge, and skills necessary to make good decisions.

Why Do People Leave Organizations?

Limited recognition and praise Compensation Limited authority Poor organizational culture Repetitive work

Engaging a critical mass to take action and achieve a specific outcome or a set of outcomes

Mobilization

Anything that provides direction, intensity, and persistence to behavior.

Motivation

Macro levels for examining the psychological components of empowerment

Motivation. Learning. Stress

Concerned with how people react to stress, change, failure, or personal criticism.

Neuroticism

rewards and punishments are not associated with particular behaviors

Noncontingent rewards

Concerned with curiosity, innovative thinking, assimilating new information, and being open to new experiences.

Openness to experience

based on the premise that people who are treated unfairly are less satisfied, productive, and committed to their organizations.

Organizational justice

Behaviors directed toward a firm's mission or goals or the products and services resulting from those behaviors

Performance

Knowing how to adapt to, shape, or select new situations to get their needs met better.

Practical intelligence

Why Do People Stay with Organizations?

Promises long-term employment Exciting work and challenge Fair pay Encourages fun, collegial relationships Supportive management

How much one likes a specific kind of job or work activity.

Satisfaction

Micro levels for examining the psychological components of empowerment

Self-determination. Meaning. Competence Influence

What are easier to change within the Five-Factor or OCEAN Model of Personality?

Skills/Competencies Knowledge Experience

concern for people and concern for production

The Leadership Grid

Which of the following is one of the motivators described in Herzberg's two-factor theory? working conditions the work itself job security co-workers

The work itself

Identify a true statement about leadership skills according to Hogan and Warrenfelz's four major categories of skills and behaviors found in virtually every organizational competency model.

They are skills and behaviors concerned with building teams and getting results through others.

In the context of the seven theories of job satisfaction, which of the following is the underlying principle of the theory of organizational justice? giving people decision-making authority giving people meaningful work treating people fairly securing needed resources

Treating people fairly

In _____, superiors, peers, and direct reports provide ratings on the extent to which target individuals demonstrate too much, just the right amount, or too little strategic, operations, enabling, or forcing leadership behavior for a particular position.

a leadership versatility approach

An individual's tendency to exert effort toward task accomplishment depends partly on the strength of his or her motivation to achieve success. This concept is called

achievement orientation

According to the OCEAN model, individuals who appear as insensitive, socially clueless, pessimistic, cold, and grumpy are most likely to score low in

agreeableness.

Performance is best described as

behaviors directed toward the organization's mission

Unlike individuals who score low in extraversion, individuals who score high in this dimension

come across to others as decisive and opinionated.

The Leadership Grid profiles leader behavior on two dimensions, which are

concern for people and concern for production.

According to the Five Factor Model (FFM) or OCEAN model of personality, the dimension of neuroticism is most likely

concerned with how people react to stress, change, failure, or personal criticism.

Which of the following terms refers to how friendly and supportive a leader is toward subordinates? initiating structure consideration goal emphasis work facilitation

consideration

Concerns followers' perceptions of whether the level of reward or punishment is proportionate to an individual's performance or infraction

distributive justice

In the context of organizational justice, which of the following is concerned with followers' perceptions of whether the level of reward or punishment is commensurate with an individual's performance or infraction? distributive justice role conflict interactional justice role ambiguity

distributive justice

Raymond scores high on practical intelligence and has extensive knowledge and experience in leading a pharmaceutical research team. He is likely to feel uncomfortable and unprepared when asked to organize a major fund-raising activity for a charitable institution. This example illustrates that practical intelligence is most likely

domain specific.

Which of the following involves making judgments about the adequacy of behavior with respect to certain criteria such as work group or organizational goals? responsiveness reliability effectiveness performance

effectiveness

According to Goleman's conceptualization of emotional intelligence (EQ), the "change catalyst" attribute most likely corresponds to the _____ dimension of the OCEAN model.

extraversion

Community leaders are most likely to

have fewer resources than most other leaders.

According to the seven theories of satisfaction, which of the following theories or approaches focuses on giving employees work that they find meaningful? herzberg's two-factor theory achievement orientation empowerment organizational justice

herzberg's two-factor theory

Leaders who score low in neuroticism tend to

hide their emotions

Which of the following is seen as the biggest obstacle to improving employee engagement in an organization? frequency of surveys employee's tenure in the organization incompetent management employee benefits and perks

incompetent management

Reflects the degree to which people are given information about different reward procedures and are treated with dignity and respect

interactional justice

Hogan and Warrenfelz's four major categories of skills and behaviors

intrapersonal skills interpersonal skills leadership skills business skills

Building social capital

is the leadership competency of developing and maintaining relationships that allow people to work together.

Goal emphasis and work facilitation are _____ dimensions of leadership behavior.

job-centered

The _____ states that if one simply works hard and achieves superior results, then good things will happen.

just world hypothesis

One limitation of Maslow's hierarchy of needs is that it fails to

make specific predictions on what an individual will do to satisfy a particular need

Which of the following terms is most likely defined as the ability to intentionally pay attention to the present moment while letting go of judgment? mobilization assertiveness conscientiousness mindfulness

mindfulness

In the OCEAN model, the personality dimension that is concerned with curiosity, innovative thinking, and assimilating new information is known as

openness to experience.

Relates to the process that rewards and punishments are administered

procedural justice

What is the main reason for people staying with organizations?

promises of long-term employment

In the context of Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, leaders and followers who possess high levels of analytic intelligence

tend to be quick learners and do well in school.

Which of the following most likely occurs when leaders articulate high expectations for followers? the Golem effect the Hierarchy effect the Pygmalion effect the Hawthorne effect

the Pygmalion effect

In the _____, 10-15 superiors, peers, and direct reports are asked to share a target individual's strengths and areas of improvement as a leader in phone or face-to-face interviews.

verbal 360-degree technique