Exam 2 MIS 3360
A ________ is the origin and/or destination of the data, and these are sometimes referred to as external entities because they are outside the system.
Source
In a data flow diagram, a ________ is modeled using a rectangle.
Source/sink
A ________ is used in both conventions for sources/sinks and has a name that states what the external agent is, such as Customer, Teller, EPA Office, or Inventory Control System.
Square
A ternary relationship is a simultaneous relationship among instances of ________ entity type(s).
Three
Which option below matches the following benefit of a packaged data model. Purchased models are proven through extensive experience.
Validated
Joshua has removed any rules that have impossible actions in the decision table. He has completed the ________ step.
"Simplify the decision table"
Data flow repository entries typically will NOT include ________.
A long description or list of data elements contained in the data flow
In a decision table a value that does not affect the action taken is known as ________.
An indifferent condition
According to the DFD conventions, the data flow is always depicted by a(n) ________.
Arrow
When two ________ have the same data flow name, you must be careful that these flows are exactly the same.
Arrows
A(n) ________ is an entity type that associates the instances of one or more entity types and contains attributes that are peculiar to the relationship between those entity instances.
Associative entity
A(n) ________ is a named property or characteristic of an entity that is of interest to the organization.
Attribute
A domain is the set of all data types and ranges of values that ________ may assume.
Attributes
Which relationship is the most common type of relationship encountered in data modeling?
Binary
________ relationship is a relationship between instances of two entity types and is the most common type of relationship encountered in data modeling.
Binary
________ rules are specifications that preserve the integrity of the logical data model.
Business
A ________ key is an attribute (or combination of attributes) that uniquely identifies each instance of an entity type.
Candidate
The ________ defines the number of instances of entity B that can (or must) be associated with each instance of entity A.
Cardinality
The concept of DFD ________ refers to whether you have included in your DFDs all of the components necessary for the system you are modeling.
Completeness
In logical database modeling and design, we translate the ________ E-R data model for the application or enterprise, developed without explicit consideration of specific user interfaces, into normalized data requirements.
Conceptual
If there is a situation where a decision table has a logic decision where an employee data type can have one of two values, those values are listed in the ________.
Condition stub
A ________ shows the scope of the system, indicating which elements are inside and which are outside of the system.
Context diagram
Which option below matches the following benefit of a packaged data model. Projects with purchased models take less time and cost less because the initial discovery steps are no longer necessary, leaving only iterative tailoring and refinement to the local situation.
Cost reduction
Data cannot move directly from a source to a sink. It must be moved by a process if the data are of any concern to our system. Otherwise, the data flow is not shown on the ________.
DFD
During requirements structuring, a ________ model represents conceptual data requirements for a particular system.
Data
Which of the following is a reason some developers believe a data model is the most important part of the information systems requirement?
Data capture during data modeling is crucial to the design of computer screens
A ________ can be best understood as data in motion, moving from one place in a system to another.
Data flow
A fork in a ________ means that exactly the same data goes from a common location to two or more different destinations in the model.
Data flow
In a data flow diagram, a ________ is modeled using an arrow.
Data flow
________ are NOT a component of data flow diagram symbols
Data programs
In a data flow diagram, a ________ is modeled using two horizontal lines.
Data store
________ allow you to check for the extent to which your logic is complete, consistent, and not redundant.
Decision tables
The ________ of a relationship is the number of entity types that participate in that relationship.
Degree
A(n) ________ is an attribute whose value can be computed from related attribute values.
Derived attribute
All of the following are advantages to incorporating business rules in the repository except
Does not promote ease of use of a database
The business rule that enforces constraints on valid values for attributes.
Domains
An entity type (sometimes called an entity class) is a collection of ________ that share common properties or characteristics.
Entities
A(n) ________ is a person, place, object, event, or concept in the user environment about which the organization wishes to maintain data.
Entity
The business rule that each instance of an entity type must have a unique identifier that is not null.
Entity integrity
In a business process model, a(n) ________ is modeled using an oval.
Event
The data manipulation operation (insert, delete, or update) that initiates the triggering operation.
Event
Which option below matches the following benefit of a packaged data model. The purchased model provides a first data model, which you can use to generate specific analysis questions.
Facilities system analysis
In a business process model, a(n) ________ is modeled using an arrow.
Flow
________ is the process of discovering discrepancies between two or more sets of DFDs or discrepancies within a single DFD.
Gap analysis
In a business process model, a(n) ________ is modeled using a diamond.
Gateway
An entity ________ is a single occurrence of an entity type.
Instance
In logical database modeling and design, we combine normalized data requirements from all user interfaces into one consolidated logical database model; this step is called view ________.
Integration
A ________ is a DFD that represents a system's major processes, data flows, and data stores at a high level of detail.
Level-0 diagram
A ________ diagram is a DFD that is generated from n nested decompositions from a level-0 diagram.
Level-n
________ database design is driven not only from the previously developed E-R data model for the application or enterprise but also from form and report layouts.
Logical
A(n) ________ is an attribute that may take on more than one value for each entity instance.
Multivalued attribute
Each entity type in an E-R model is given a ________ because it represents a class or set, it is singular.
Name
In logical database design, we use a process called ________, which is a way to build a data model that has the properties of simplicity, non-redundancy, and minimal maintenance.
Normalization
A data flow has ________ direction(s) of flow between symbols. It may flow in both directions between a process and a data store to show a read before an update.
One
A(n) ________ is an attribute that has meaningful component parts
Optional attribute
A(n) ________ is an attribute that may not have a value for every entity instance.
Optional attribute
Logical and ________ database design is typically performed in parallel with other systems design steps.
Physical
The lowest level of a DFD is called a ________ data flow diagram.
Primitive
A ________ is the work or actions performed on data so that they are transformed, stored, or distributed.
Process
A black hole is a ________ that has only inputs
Process
Data cannot move directly from one data store to another data store. Data must be moved by a ________.
Process
The business rule concerning the relationships between entity types.
Referential integrity constraints
A(n) ________ is an association between the instances of one or more entity types that is of interest to the organization.
Relationship
A(n) ________ is an attribute that must have a value for every entity instance.
Required attribute
Similar attributes of different entity types should use ________ but distinguishing names.
Similar
A common mistake many people make when they are just learning to draw E-R diagrams, especially if they already know how to do data flow diagramming, is to confuse data entities with ________ and relationships with data flows.
Sinks
A ________ is a simultaneous relationship among instances of three entity types.
Ternary
What is the purpose of a conceptual data model?
To show as many rules about the meaning and interrelationships among data as are possible
An entity ________ is described just once in a data model, whereas many ________ of that may be represented by data stored in the database.
Type; instances
All of the following are business rules except ________.
Unary relationship
A data flow to a data store means ________.
Update
A concise statement of the business rule to be enforced by the triggering operation.
User rule
If a purchased model is proven through extensive experience it is said to be ________.
Validated
A(n) ________ in business process modeling is an action that must take place for a process to be completed.
Activity
In a business process model, a(n) ________ is modeled using a rectangle.
Activity
The most common format used for data modeling is ________ diagramming.
Entity-relationship
What should one do first when creating a decision table?
List all possible rules
Balancing is the conservation of inputs and outputs to a DFD process when that process is decomposed to a ________ level.
Lower
At the ________ level of DFDs, new data flows may be added to represent data that are transmitted under exceptional conditions. These data flows typically represent error messages or confirmation notices
Lowest
The concept of DFD ________ refers to whether or not the depiction of the system shown at one level of a nested set of DFDs is compatible with the depictions of the system shown at other levels.
Consistency
Which option below matches the following benefit of a packaged data model. Purchased data models are very general, covering almost all options employed by the associated functional area or industry.
Consistent and complete
Which of the following is an advantage of the use of domains?
Domains ensure data manipulation operations are logical
An ________ model is a detailed, logical representation of the entities, associations, and data elements for an organization or business area.
E-R
A(n) ________ in business process modeling shows the sequence of action in a process.
Flow
No process can have only ________. It would be making data from nothing (a miracle). If an object has only outputs, then it must be a source.
Outputs
________ are NOT a part of a decision table.
Policies
A(n) ________ is an attribute (or combination of attributes) whose value is unique across all occurrences of a relation.
Primary key
In a data flow diagram, a ________ is modeled using an oval.
Process
A ________ in business process modeling is a way to visually encapsulate a process.
Swimlane
Which of the following is an advanced rule governing data flow diagramming?
The inputs to a process must be sufficient to produce the outputs
Peter had to correct an E-R model because an entity instance of the supertype was not a member of some subtype in the relationship. The E-R model broke the ________ rule.
Total specialization
A(n) ________ is an assertion or rule that governs the validity of data manipulation operations such as insert, update, and delete.
Triggering operation
The business rule that protects the validity of attribute values.
Triggering operations
In an entity relationship diagram, if one person may only be married to one other person, the relationship is a ________.
Unary relationship
A ________ is a diagram of process logic where the logic is reasonably complicated.
Decision table
A ________ is a picture of the movement of data between external entities and the processes and data stores within a system.
Data flow diagram
No process can have only ________ and if an object has only that, then it must be a sink
Inputs
A unary relationship is a relationship between the instances of ________ entity type(s).
One
