Exam 2 Part 3

Hypnagogic sensations are most closely associated with ________ sleep. a. NREM-1 b. NREM-2 c. NREM-3 d. REM

a. NREM-1

The phenomenon that refers to the ways in which an individual's expectations influence perceptions is called: a. Perceptual set. b. Retinal disparity. c. Interposition. d. Kinesthesis

a. Perceptual set.

The McDougals use harsh discipline on their children and demand unquestioning obedience. Psychologists are likely to characterize the McDougals as ________ parents. a. authoritarian b. egocentric c. permissive d. authoritative

a. authoritarian

. The principles of continuity and closure best illustrate that a. sensations are organized into meaningful patterns. b. perception is the direct product of sensation. c. cultural experiences shape perception. d. visual information is especially likely to capture our attention

a. sensations are organized into meaningful patterns.

The circadian rhythm is influenced by light-sensitive retinal proteins that trigger signals to the a. suprachiasmatic nucleus. b. hippocampus. c. amygdala. d. brainstem

a. suprachiasmatic nucleus

The tendency to organize stimuli into smooth, uninterrupted patterns is called a. Closure. b. Continuity. c. Disparity. d. Proximity.

b. Continuity.

With the approach of night, our body temperature begins to drop. This best illustrates the dynamics of the a. hypnagogic state. b. circadian rhythm. c. alpha wave pattern. d. REM rebound.

b. circadian rhythm.

Although Sue Yen sees her chemistry professor several times a week, she didn't recognize the professor when she saw her in the grocery store. This best illustrates the importance of a. bottom-up processing. b. context effects. c. priming. d. sensory adaptation.

b. context effects.

Dr. Birkin's major research interest is the development of motor skills in children. It is most likely that Dr. Birkin is a ________ psychologist. a. cognitive b. developmental c. biological d. psychodynamic

b. developmental

. People who regularly sleep less than normal experience a(n) ________ risk of depression and a(n) ________ risk of gaining weight. a. decreased; decreased b. increased; increased c. decreased; increased d. increased; decreased

b. increased; increased

The same brand of chocolate truffles tasted better to Julia when she thought they cost $20 a pound than when she thought they cost half that much. This best illustrates the impact of a. the volley principle. b. top-down processing. c. synesthesia. d. precognition.

b. top-down processing.

Marissa resents the burden and constraints of caring for her infant daughter and frequently ignores her cries for attention. As a consequence, her daughter is most likely to display signs of a. egocentrism. b. object permanence. c. insecure attachment. d. self-awareness.

c. insecure attachment.

The processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously is called a. the cocktail party effect. b. the popout phenomenon. c. parallel processing. d. blindsight

c. parallel processing.

After the first thirty to forty-five minutes of sleep, you have progressed from NREM-1 to NREM-3 sleep. After this, you ______. a. go in to a prolonged non-REM period b. enter REM sleep c. progress back up the ladder from NREM-3 to NREM-2 to NREM-1 d. go back to stage one

c. progress back up the ladder from NREM-3 to NREM-2 to NREM-1

Children's sense that their parents are trustworthy and dependable is most indicative of a. maturation. b. accommodation. c. secure attachment. d. object permanence.

c. secure attachment.

Adding two large numbers together by consciously focusing on and solving each subcomponent of the task in serial order best illustrates a. the popout phenomenon. b. the two-track mind. c. sequential processing. d. change blindness.

c. sequential processing.

The process by which our sensory systems transform stimulus energies into neural impulses is called a. priming. b. sensory adaptation. c. transduction. d. signal detection.

c. transduction.

Which of the following is the correct order of the structures through which light passes after entering the eye? a. Lens, pupil, cornea, retina b. Pupil, cornea, lens, retina c. Pupil, lens, cornea, retina d. Cornea, pupil, lens, retina

d. Cornea, pupil, lens, retina

According to Freud, dreams are the key to understanding our inner conflicts. In interpreting dreams, Freud was most interested in their a. Information-processing function. b. Physiological function. c. Manifest content or story line. d. Latent content or symbolic meaning.

d. Latent content or symbolic meaning.

Brain regions that are active as people learn to perform a visual-discrimination task are especially likely to be active again later as they experience a. night terrors. b. narcolepsy. c. sleep apnea. d. REM sleep

d. REM sleep

Two relatively rare sleep disorders are narcolepsy and sleep apnea. With narcolepsy, the person _____; with sleep apnea, the person _____. a. Has persistent problems falling asleep; experiences a doubling of heart and breathing rates b. Experiences a doubling of heart and breathing rates; has persistent problems falling asleep c. Stops breathing every few minutes or so; suffers periods of overwhelming sleepiness d. Suffers periodic sleepiness; stops breathing every few minutes or so

d. Suffers periodic sleepiness; stops breathing every few minutes or so

Growth hormone secretions peak in women at predictable hours of each night. This best illustrates the dynamics of the: a. hypnogogic state. b. REM rebound. c. menstrual cycle. d. circadian rhythm.

d. circadian rhythm.

Physical exercise in late adulthood has been found to a. enhance muscle strength. b. help prevent heart attacks. c. stimulate brain cell development. d. do all of these things.

d. do all of these things.

A critical period is a phase during which a. children frequently disobey and resist their parents. 12 b. children become able to think hypothetically and reason abstractly. c. parents frequently show impatience with a child's slowness in becoming toilet trained. d. exposure to certain experiences is needed for proper development.

d. exposure to certain experiences is needed for proper development.

Sensory experiences that occur without an external sensory stimulus are called a. night terrors. b. REMs. c. sleep spindles. d. hallucinations

d. hallucinations

Two-year-old Anna perceives her parents as cold and rejecting. This is most indicative of a. conservation. b. egocentrism. c. infantile amnesia. d. insecure attachment.

d. insecure attachment.

Compared with parallel processing, sequential processing tends to be ________ conscious and better for solving ________ problems. a. less; novel b. more; familiar c. less; familiar d. more; novel

d. more; novel

The brain's development of new neural connections in response to experience is said to demonstrate what is known as a. assimilation. b. imprinting. c. conservation. d. plasticity.

d. plasticity.

Research on sleep and dreams indicates that: a. older adults sleep more than young adults. b. when people dream of performing some activity, their limbs often move in concert with the dream. c. sleepwalkers are acting out their dreams. d. the circadian rhythm has no influence on our patterns of sleep. e. none of the above is true.

e. none of the above is true.