Exam 2 PSYCH 1A chapter 9

Which of the following represents the first step of memory? a. retrieval b. encoding c. storage d. chunking

encoding

One benefit of forgetting is that it helps us to a. give priority to less important information. b. avoid filling our long-term memory to capacity. c. give priority to things that are important to remember. d. only remember positive memories.

give priority to things that are important to remember.

One difference between non-declarative and declarative memory is that declarative memories a. are stored in long-term memory longer .b. unconsciously affect our behavior .c. are more detailed than non-declarative memories. d. require conscious effort to retrieve.

require conscious effort to retrieve.

Rico runs into an old friend and quickly tries to recall the friend's name. Rico is engaging in the process of a. rehearsal. b. retrieval. c. priming. d. encoding.

retrieval.

Without additional information processing, which of the following memory systems holds information for the shortest duration? a. working memory b. short-term memory c. sensory memory d. long-term memory

sensory memory

According to George Miller, the magical number of the capacity of our short-term memory is a. 7 plus or minus 2 items b. 10 items c. 4 items d. 6 plus or minus 3 items

7 plus or minus 2 items

Why is retrieval an essential component of memory? a. It allows us to access stored information. b. It turns sensory memory into short-term memory. c. It determines where information is stored. d. It is a key component of encoding.

It allows us to access stored information.

Mika argued that memory retrieval is an all-or-none process. Is her assessment of retrieval correct? a. Yes, the tip-of-the tongue (TOT) phenomenon shows that retrieval either happens or does not happen. b. Yes, the encoding-specificity principle shows that retrieval either happens or does not happen. c. No, the encoding-specificity principle shows that partial retrieval can occur. d. No, the tip-of-the tongue (TOT) phenomenon shows that partial retrieval can occur.

No, the tip-of-the tongue (TOT) phenomenon shows that partial retrieval can occur.

Which of the following best describes the recency effect? a. Recall is easiest when information processing is shallow. b. Recall is easiest for information presented at the beginning of a list. c. Recall is easiest when information processing is deep. d. Recall is easiest for information presented at the end of a list.

Recall is easiest for information presented at the end of a list.

Simone has been locked out of an online account and was sent a 12-digit number which will allow her to reset her password. She decides to use chunking to remember this number. Which of the following best describes this approach? a. Simone associates each of the 12 digits with familiar objects. b. Simone repeats the 12 numbers over and over in her head. c. Simone breaks the numbers into four groups of three numbers. d. Simone states the numbers out loud, saying each number in a different voice.

Simone breaks the numbers into four groups of three numbers.

Which of the following best illustrates an example of procedural memory? a. Nancy craving a soda after seeing an advertisement while watching television b. Marcos telling his coworker about his recent vacation c. Sydney applying her make-up each morning without having to think through each step of the process d. Topher recalling the name of his childhood best friend

Sydney applying her make-up each morning without having to think through each step of the process

Which of the following is true about flashbulb memories? a. They are not experienced by people with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). b. They only occur with positive events. c. They occur with strong emotional events. d. They are only experienced by people with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

They occur with strong emotional events

Which neurotransmitter, when levels are low, is linked to Alzheimer's disease? a. epinephrine b. serotonin c. acetylcholine d. dopamine

acetylcholine

In proactive interference, our ability to remember target information is impacted by a. motivation level. b. decay over time. c. later learning. d. earlier learning.

earlier learning.

Animal research has shown that vigorous physical activity results in new neurons forming in the a. hippocampus. b. basal ganglia. c. prefrontal cortex. d. occipital lobe.

hippocampus.

According to the Atkinson-Shriffrin model, which of the following is the last stage of memory processing? a. short-term memory b. working memory c. long-term memory d. sensory memory

long-term memory

Test taking is an effective method for enhancing memory because it enhances memory a. encoding. b. storage. c. retrieval. d. retrieval and encoding.

retrieval and encoding.

Cues are most effective for retrieving memories when they are a. generated by others. b. self-generated. c. visual. d. auditory.

self-generated.

Memory retrieval is the process of recovering information from a. encoding. b. sensory memory. c. information processing. d. storage.

storage.

If Phoebe studies for her Art History exam by using a deep level of processing, she will be a. memorizing the colors used in each painting. b. thinking about how each painting is meaningful to her. c. focusing on the meaning of the title of each painting. d. alphabetizing the names of the paintings.

thinking about how each painting is meaningful to her.