Exam 2: Study Guide

Name three reflective materials.

- metal - wood - glass

Performance of visual tasks of low contrast and small size. a. 5 fc b. 10 fc c. 30 fc d. 50 fc e. 100 fc

100 fc

Vibration from building systems can produce unwanted noise. How would you best prevent unwanted noise from equipment such as a motor?

Equipment within the building, such as heating units, pumps, and motors, should be mounted on commercially available resilient machinery mounts and bases.

LCP stands for what?

lighting control panel

an area in which lighting may be controlled in unison by a control device for purposes of energy code compliance, daylighting levels, or other control objectives. Sometimes used interchangeably with the concepts of "group" and "channel." a. Footcandle (fc) b. Glare c. Illuminance d. Lamp e. Lighting Control Panel (LCP) f. Luminance g. Luminaire or Fixture h. Zone

zone

The daylight within a building consists of the following components: a. "sky component, reflection component, absorption component" b. "source component, ground component, finish component" c. "sky component, externally reflected component, internally reflected component" d. "reflected component, transmitted component, radiated component"

"sky component, externally reflected component, internally reflected component"

Name two ways you can enhance the acoustics of a room.

- Add more absorptive materials - increase the amount of carpets/rugs or soft furniture within space - use insulation in the walls.

Daylighting can greatly improve a space as well as saving money on lighting. Of the spaces listed below, select all where it is a BEST practice to have daylight controls. - Open office interior (no access to exterior windows) - Enclosed interior office (no daylight) - Storage room - Library with windows - Foyer and reception with curtain wall- Restroom

- Library with windows - Foyer and reception with curtain wall

It is well known that open office environments tend to be occupied by someone nearly continuously during the workday, yet private offices are often unoccupied as much as two-thirds of the time. Occupants in private offices are likely to adjust their blinds frequently since the "ownership" of their space is clear. In order to ensure an equitable distribution of light and views, the following is recommended: (select all that apply) a. Position individual offices where low angle direct sun may otherwise be problematic (East and West). b. Locate open office areas within 18'-20' of the perimeter zone and at areas where direct sun penetration is limited (North) or less variable (South). c. Position individual offices where they have the best view of the surrounding area. d. Locate open office areas at the core of the building to allow light to reach and reflect as far as possible. e. all of the above

- Position individual offices where low angle direct sun may otherwise be problematic (East and West). - Locate open office areas within 18'-20' of the perimeter zone and at areas where direct sun penetration is limited (North) or less variable (South).

Select all statements that relate to horizontal blinds. - Generally reduces diffuse daylight levels by 90% or greater. - Redirect to create diffuse light. - Blocks direct sunlight. - Requires users to continuously adjust blind slat angles. - Easy to use. - Requires frequent user attention to block direct sun and re-open for view and diffuse daylight.

- Redirect to create diffuse light. - Blocks direct sunlight. - Requires users to continuously adjust blind slat angles.

Select all statements that relate to fabric window shades. - Requires frequent user attention to block direct sun and re-open for view and diffuse daylight. - Requires users to continuously adjust blind slat angles. - Generally reduces diffuse daylight levels by 90% or greater. - Blocks direct sunlight. - Easy to use. - Redirect to create diffuse light.

- Requires frequent user attention to block direct sun and re-open for view and diffuse daylight. - Generally reduces diffuse daylight levels by 90% or greater. - Easy to use.

Name three absorptive materials.

- acoustic foam - acoustic fabric panels - sound absorbing underlayment

Research has demonstrated many benefits from illuminating interior spaces with daylight and the resulting views to the outside. Select all answers below that are considered one of these benefits. - connection with nature - Increased occupant satisfaction - Increased sales - Increased worker/student productivity - Reduced energy costs - increased glare - Improved health

- connection with nature - increased occupant satisfaction - increased sales - increased work/student productivity - reduced energy costs - improved health

A good lighting design means you are utilizing ______________. (select all that apply) - good controls - only light paints - daylighting - very reflective surfaces - efficient lights - only north and south windows

- good controls - daylighting - efficient lights

Name three reasons you would use daylighting.

- improved health - psychological - decreased eye strain

How do you calculation reverberation time (in seconds)?

.05 x volume of room ______________________________ sabins

Working spaces for simple visual tasks. a. 5 fc b. 10 fc c. 30 fc d. 50 fc e. 100 fc

10 fc

The approximate daylighting penetration of a window is _______________ ? a. 3x the window's vertical size b. 3x the window's horizontal size c. 4x the window's sill height d. 2x the window's head height

2x the window's head height

Performance of visual tasks of high contrast and large size. a. 5 fc b. 10 fc c. 30 fc d. 50 fc e. 100 fc

30 fc

Electric lighting comprises between ___% and ___% of the nation's electricity consumption. a. 25, 40 b. 35, 50 c. 30, 45 d. 40, 55

35, 50

When designing for skylights, the skylight to floor area ratio sweet spot (balance between heat loss/gain and energy savings) is _____%.

4

Reception area - simple orientation for short visits. a. 5 fc b. 10 fc c. 30 fc d. 50 fc e. 100 fc

5 fc

Performance of visual tasks of high contrast and small size, or visual tasks of low contrast and large size. a. 5 fc b. 10 fc c. 30 fc d. 50 fc e. 100 fc

50 fc

Good daylighting fenestration practice dictates that the window should ideally be composed of two discrete components: a daylight window and a view window. The daylight window should start at 7 ft., 6 in. above the finished floor at a minimum and have a high visiblelight transmittance (Tvis) ___% to ___%); the view window should be placed lower and have a Tvis of less than ___% in most climates. a. 50, 75, 40 b. 40, 65, 30 c. 55, 80, 45 d. 55, 80, 50

50, 75, 40

How would you define a reflective material?

A dense, inflexible material that deflects sound waves completely to create more echo.

What is a reverb?

A reverb is when a sound wave bounces of of a reflective material quickly, creating an echo.

Where can you use lighting controls in offices and factories? a. In meeting/conference rooms b. On task lights at desks c. In computer server and storerooms d. All of the above (almost every area that has electric lighting)

All of the above (almost every area that has electric lighting)

What is an echo?

An echo is a sound wave being reverbareted by reflective materials.

What does Ceiling Attenuation Class represent?

CAC is a single-number rating that represents a ceiling system's efficiency as a barrier to airborne sound transmission between adjacent closed spaces that share a common air plenum.

Room proportions affect the sound reflection within the space. Name two specific room shapes that should be avoided due to high reflection properties.

Long, narrow with high ceilings Cube shape

What is a Sabin? (not, Nick Saban).

The amount of sound absorbed is measured in sabins. One sabin is equal to the sound absorption of one square foot of a perfectly absorptive surface.

The metric used to describe the property of glazing that specifies the amount of light that the glazing allows to pass through, typically represented as a percentage.

Visible Light Transmittance (VT or transmittance)?

The benefits of buildings illuminated with daylight include: (select all that apply) a. Mental and visual stimulation necessary for the proper regulation of human brain chemistry b. Healthier and higher-quality interior environments for occupants c. Increased human comfort d. Increased individual productivity e. all of the above

all of the above

There are a number of different controls for lighting listed below. Select all that apply. a. switches b. time clocks c. dimmers d. occupancy/motion/vacancy sensors e. all of the above

all of the above

A daylighting system consists of systems, technologies, and architecture. While not all of these components are required for every daylighting system or design, one or more of the following are typically present: (Select all of the following components that could be part of a daylighting system) - High-performance glazing - Daylighting-optimized fenestration design - Daylight-optimized building footprint - Daylight-optimized interior design (such as furniture design, space planning, and room surface finishes) - Climate-responsive window-to-wall area ratio - Daylight redirection devices - Skylights (passive or active) - Daylight-responsive electric lighting controls - Solar shading devices- Tubular daylight devices

all of them

an opening that allows light to enter a space. The aperture may be adjustable. The placement of daylight apertures determines the distribution of interior daylight more than any other feature. a. Aperture (window, skylight, clerestory, etc) b. Ballast c. Commissioning d. Daylight e. Daylighting Control f. Daylight Factor g. Daylight Harvesting h. Dimming

aperture (window, skylight, clerestory, etc)

a device used to obtain the necessary circuit conditions (voltage, current, and waveform) for starting and operating a fluorescent or HID lamp. a. Aperture (window, skylight, clerestory, etc) b. Ballast c. Commissioning d. Daylight e. Daylighting Control f. Daylight Factor g. Daylight Harvesting h. Dimming

ballast

The upper portion of a wall containing openings to admit daylight into a building. a. roof monitors b. clerestories c. sidelighting d. toplighting e. skylights

clerestories

A _____ loop photocell sensor accounts for light from daylight in addition to the electric light in the control system feedback loop.

closed

the formal process of certifying a building's operation according to the design intention, usually completed by a commissioning agent. The comprehensive process of reviewing design documentation, verifying installation, testing equipment, and system performance, training building operators, and analyzing the operation of building systems. a. Aperture (window, skylight, clerestory, etc) b. Ballast c. Commissioning d. Daylight e. Daylighting Control f. Daylight Factor g. Daylight Harvesting h. Dimming

commissioning

The term used when referring to the various levels of relative brightness in a space.

contrast

the natural light of day. a. Aperture (window, skylight, clerestory, etc) b. Ballast c. Commissioning d. Daylight e. Daylighting Control f. Daylight Factor g. Daylight Harvesting h. Dimming

daylight

Match the following components to there given lighting control options.Aperture (window, skylight, clerestory, etc) A. Daylight Controls B. Occupancy Controls C. Time Clock Controls

daylight controls

a ratio that represents the amount of illumination indoors relative to outdoors at the same time. It typically is calculated by dividing a value of horizontal work plane illumination by the horizontal illumination available as measured horizontally on the roof of the building being tested. a. Efficacy b. Footcandle (fc) c. Illuminance d. Lumen (lm) e. Luminance f. Lux (lx) g. Daylight Factor

daylight factor

The term used to describe utilizing daylight as the main source for lighting a space, using electrical lighting to supplement.

daylight harvesting

the term used for control systems that reduce the use of electrical lighting and takes advantage of natural daylight to light up space reducing energy consumption and the carbon footprint. See also Daylight Control. a. Aperture (window, skylight, clerestory, etc) b. Ballast c. Commissioning d. Daylight e. Daylighting Control f. Daylight Factor g. Daylight Harvesting h. Dimming

daylight harvesting

A lighting control method that changes the amount of light provided by lighting fixtures as the contribution of ambient daylight changes. This includes daylight components such as sunlight scattered by the atmosphere, light reflected from the ground, and light reflected from the ground, and light reflected from the interior surfaces of a building. See also Daylight Harvesting. a. Aperture (window, skylight, clerestory, etc) b. Ballast c. Commissioning d. Daylight e. Daylighting Control f. Daylight . Daylight Harvesting h. Dimming

daylighting control

We typically want to avoid instances where the sound can bend around obstacles or flow through small openings, and continue onward. What is this concept of sound transmission called?

diffraction

a lighting control option that allows full adjustment of upper and lower limits of light levels; may also be called "Up/Down." a. Aperture (window, skylight, clerestory, etc) b. Ballast c. Commissioning d. Daylight e. Daylighting Control f. Daylight Factor g. Daylight Harvesting h. Dimming

dimming

The ___________ receives direct sunlight in the morning at an angle that increases from horizontal to vertical as the sun rises overhead. The direct morning sunlight can be limited by operable blinds or shades. Once the sun is high enough in the sky to stop direct penetration, the remaining light from the sky is similar to the northern light. a. north face b. south face c. east face d. west face

east face

a measurement of how effective the light source is in converting electrical energy to lumens of visible light. Expressed in lumens per watt (LPW), this measure gives more weight to the yellow region of the spectrum and less weight to the blue and red region, where the eye is not as sensitive. a. Efficacy b. Footcandle (fc) c. Illuminance d. Lumen (lm) e. Luminance f. Lux (lx) g. Daylight Factor

efficacy

The simplest method to maximize daylight within a space is to increase the glazing area. However, three glass characteristics need to be understood in order to optimize a fenestration system: (select what is NOT one of these characteristics) a. U-value b. Exterior shading c. Visible transmittance d. Shading coefficient

exterior shading

T/F: Cotton is an example of a reflective material?

false

T/F: Lighting control modules (LCM) are used to control the lighting in spaces and are there own stand-alone systems that are never connected to the overall building control system.

false

T/F: Porcelain tile an absorptive material.

false

T/F: The outdoor weather has no influence on the indoor lighting strategy of a building.

false

T/F: The surface finish and color of the interior walls have little to no effect on the effectiveness of daylighting.

false

Sound takes the path of least resistance between rooms, through any air leaks or through rigid connections in the structure itself. These routes are called what?

flanking paths

a standard measurement of illumination, which represents the amount of illuminance over a surface one-foot square on which there is a uniformly distributed flux of one lumen. a. Footcandle (fc) b. Glare c. Illuminance d. Lamp e. Lighting Control Panel (LCP) f. Luminance g. Luminaire or Fixture h. Zone

footcandle (fc)

The metric used to measure light levels.

footcandles

The term used to describe uncomfortable or disabling amounts of light in an occupants view.

glare

is a human sensation usually described as either discomfort glare or disability glare, occurring due to the presence of bright light. a. Footcandle (fc) b. Glare c. Illuminance d. Lamp e. Lighting Control Panel (LCP) f. Luminance g. Luminaire or Fixture h. Zone

glare

For STC, a ______ number shows better performance.

higher

For, Impact Insulation Class, a ______ number shows better performance.

higher

The term used to describe the amount of light on a surface or workplane.

illuminance

luminous flux (lighting level) per unit area, expressed in footcandles (English unit), or lux (metric unit). a. Footcandle (fc) b. Glare c. Illuminance d. Lampe . Lighting Control Panel (LCP) f. Luminance g. Luminaire or Fixture h. Zone

illuminance

an object that emits light a. Footcandle (fc) b. Glare c. Illuminance d. Lamp e. Lighting Control Panel (LCP) f. Luminance g. Luminaire or Fixture h. Zone

lamp

More or less: When measuring sound absorption coefficient, materials closer to 0 will be _________ absorptive.

less

For sound transmission loss (TL), _____ sound transmission is better.

less/lower

a unitized assembly consisting of a sheet metal enclosure, integral programmable time clock, and lighting relays as required for the application. Common options include an external photocell for site lighting controls, group switching cards, and low voltage override for lighting control switches. a. Footcandle (fc) b. Glare c. Illuminance d. Lamp e. Lighting Control Panel (LCP) f. Luminance g. Luminaire or Fixture h. Zone

lighting control panel (LCP)

complete lighting unit consisting of lamp(s) and ballast(s) or driver(s) (when applicable). Together, it consists of the parts designed to distribute the light, to position and protect the lamps, and to connect the lamps to the power supply. a. Footcandle (fc) b. Glare c. Illuminance d. Lamp e. Lighting Control Panel (LCP) f. Luminance g. Luminaire or Fixture h. Zone

luminaire or fixture

the amount of light that is reflected off an object's surface and reaches the eye. a. Footcandle (fc) b. Glare c. Illuminance d. Lamp e. Lighting Control Panel (LCP) f. Luminance g. Luminaire or Fixture h. Zone

luminance

the metric unit of illuminance. a. Efficacy b. Footcandle (fc) c. Illuminance d. Lumen (lm) e. Luminance f. Lux (lx) g. Daylight Factor

lux (lx)

One way to improve the flexibility and comfort of a space with lighting is through "scene settings". This is most commonly done in what space(s)? a. lobbies b. private offices c. meeting and conference rooms d. open offices

meeting and conference rooms

The _______________ of a building receives the most consistent illumination. The diffuse illumination is the easiest to control across the day and year-round, and provides the best opportunity for large windows without the risk of the large heat gain associated with direct sunlight .a. north face b. south face c. east face d. west face

north face

Match the following components to there given lighting control options.Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR) A. Daylight Controls B. Occupancy Controls C. Time Clock Controls

occupancy controls

Match the following components to there given lighting control options.Ultrasonic Sensor A. Daylight Controls B. Occupancy Controls C. Time Clock Controls

occupancy controls

In a private office , what would be the first level of control in a control sequence?

occupant sensor (or vacancy sensor)

The name of a device used to monitor light levels in a space.

photosensor or photocell

A successful daylighting design not only optimizes architectural features but is also integrated with the electric lighting system. With advanced lighting controls, it is now possible to adjust the level of electric light when sufficient daylight is available. Three types of controls are commercially available: (select the answer that is NOT one of these controls) a. Dimming controls b. Reflection controls c. Stepped controls d. Switching controls

reflection controls

What space type below is it NOT typical and/or NOT recommended to have daylight controls? a. Conference/meeting room b. Corridors c. Lobby d. Restrooms

restrooms

The raised section of a building's roof containing clerestory windows. a. roof monitors b. clerestories c. sidelighting d. toplighting e. skylights

roof monitors

Daylight entering a space through windows .a. roof monitors b. clerestories c. sidelighting d. toplighting e. skylights

sidelighting

A window installed in the roof or ceiling. a. roof monitors b. clerestories c. sidelighting d. toplighting e. skylights

skylights

A material's sound absorbing properties are expressed by what metric -- also referred to as, Greek (alpha).

sound absorption coefficient

The ______________ of a building receives the greatest variation of daylight over the course of a day and year. During the summer, the high angle of incident sunlight may be managed with blinds or a modest overhang to block the direct sun while still admitting light from the sky. The low angle sunlight in the winter results in the deepest penetration of light into the building, but also the highest likelihood of discomfort glare. This light is best managed by operable blinds or shades. a. north face b. south face c. east face d. west face

south face

In an open office scenario, what would be the first level of control in a control sequence?

time clock

It is important for designers to know what technologies exist and their key characteristics. Each type of dimmer affects the sine wave cycle of electricity differently, which in turn affects the devices that are being dimmed. The text talked about three types of dimmers (listed below), select the answer that is not one of the dimmers discussed in the text. a. Rotary Dimmer b. Toggle Switch with Sliding Dimmer c. Paddle or "Decora" Switch d. Toggle Switch

toggle switch

Daylight entering a space through skylights. a. roof monitors b. clerestories c. sidelighting d. toplighting e. skylights

toplighting

The term used to describe daylighting skylights.

toplighting

T/F: Both reflection and absorption are dependent on the wavelength of the sound.

true

T/F: Floors can be isolated from the structure by using resilient subflooring and underlayment materials. For example, you can use sleepers under a wood floor.

true

T/F: It is reported that office buildings and schools use 40% of the energy usage on electrical lighting.

true

T/F: People and clothes are absorptive.

true

T/F: The most common sensor for lighting is the movement detector. It uses passive infrared (PIR) or microwaves to detect when someone enters the room.

true

T/F: The sensitivity and range of most sensors can be adjusted to each space. This adjustment process, called "commissioning," is critical to the successful installation and operation of occupancy sensors.

true

When estimating how far daylight will come into the space, it will generally reach ____ times the window height.

two

The ___________ is the opposite of the east face, receiving north sky-like light in the morning and direct sunlight of a decreasing angle from noon to sunset .a. north face b. south face c. east face d. west face

west face

Yes or no: In a lecture hall, would you want reflective materials near the speaker?

yes