Exam 2

A study conducted in the 1970's showed that male sperm counts are consistently highest in February and March and lowest in September. This apparent yearly variation illustrates which type of biological rhythm? A. Circadian or circdiurnal B. circumannual or circannual C. cirucsolar D. circulunar

B. circumannual or circannual

Braden is a strict vegetarian. He is always on the alert in case a meal he eats at a restaurant might actually contain some meat. Last night he became convinced that a dish contained meat even when it did not. Which alternative best expresses this example in signal detection terms? A. Braden has an extreme response bias, yielding many false alarms. B. Braden has an extreme response bias resulting in many misses. C. Braden has an extreme response bias, resulting in many hits. D. Braden is extremely sensitive resulting in many "hits".

A. Braden has an extreme response bias, yielding many false alarms.

Dogs have a much keener sense of smell than humans. This means that far less of a scent is needed to meet a dog's _________________ than a human's. A. absolute threshold B. detection threshold C. neuronal threshold D. Difference threshold

A. absolute threshold

Although not a Catholic, Jaylene was very interested in the Pope's visit and she found herself watching clips on the news and entertainment programs. While she was watching, she 'suddenly' noticed that she had a smile on her face and felt very peaceful and joyful. She felt as though the pure goodness and love emanating from the pope had touched her heart and brought this sense of calm and tranquility. While Jaylene was in this state of relaxation, peace and calm her brain wave patterns were most likely? A. alpha B. beta C. gamma D. delta

A. alpha

Which sleep disturbance is INCORRECTLY matched with a description? A. somnambulism--having very vivid nightmares B. narcolepsy— Extreme daytime sleepiness C. insomnia—difficulty sleeping D. sleep apnea—difficulty breathing during sleep

A. somnambulism--having very vivid nightmares

When a hypnosis session was conducted in class, some class members were able to vividly imagine the sights, sounds, smells, and feelings described as we traveled to the beach, the mountains,, etc. Being able to experience this while in an altered state of consciousness exemplifies the phenomenon of __________________ which is the main characteristic of deep relaxation/hypnosis. A. suggestibility B. embellishment C. hypnotic hallucinogenesis D. mind control

A. suggestibility

Curtis is driving down a street lined by beautiful streetlights that are similar to ones common in the latter part of the 19th century and early part of the 20th century. The road Curtis is driving on is straight and as he looks ahead down the road the more distant lights appear lower in his visual field and also the lights on the right side seem to be starting to merge with the ones on the left side. This perceptual phenomenon related to depth perception illustrates which monocular depth cue? A. height in plane B. texture gradient C. linear perspective D. convergence

C. linear perspective

You are relaxing outside when you hear a loud bang. You immediately turn your head to look in the direction of the sound. The two factors that allow you to locate the origin of the sound are? A. frequency and complexity B. arrival time and closure C. Intensity and arrival time D. Intensity and kinesthesis

C. Intensity and arrival time

Visual illusions are often 'created' by our perception of: A. retinal disparity B. closure C. figure and ground D. linear perspective

C. figure and ground

Some people believe that 'flying' dreams represent the dreamer's ability to soar to new heights. This "hidden meaning" that is interpreted from a 'flying' dream is called: A. lucid interpretation B. manifest content C. latent content D. back story

C. latent content

You have been asleep for approximately an hour and are in Stage 4 of the sleep cycle. Which stage will you progress into at this point? A. Stage 1 B. Stage 5 C. REM D. Stage 3

D. Stage 3

Tyrone was closely inspecting a small cut he sustained on his hand. As he brought his hand close to his face while examining the wound, he could feel his eyes both turning inward The movement of the eyes in this situation is the ________ depth cue referred to as: A. binocular, retinal disparity B. monocular; texture gradient C. monocular; linear perspective D. binocular; convergence

D. binocular; convergence

When you were a child you may have worked in a "fun book" that had 'connect the dot' puzzles. As you connected the dots a figure would gradually appear. In fact, it is likely that well before you had connected all of the dots, you would be able to perceive what was depicted. For example, if the figure was of a dog, you would perceive the image of a dog well before all the dots were connected. This example illustrates which of the Gestalt Principles? A. simplicity B. similarity C. simplicity D. closure

D. closure

Li's dorm is located across the street from a raucous bar. When she first moved into the dorm she had a very difficult time sleeping because of the noise. After a couple of weeks however, she was no longer bothered by the noise and in fact really doesn't even hear it. This phenomenon in which we effectively are able to "tune out" or ignore stimuli that are ever-present is best described as: A. passive inattention B. tolerance C. ear blilndness D. habituation

D. habituation

Chad was having a very vivid dream in the middle of the night when he woke up. He was able to go back to sleep very quickly and was able to go back into the same dream. He was aware he was dreaming and was able to change the setting and the outcome of the dream. Chad's experience illustrates: A. Latent content dominance B. hallucinogenic dreaming C. magnified REM D. lucid dreaming

D. lucid dreaming

As you read a tweet you are able to perceive the words readily. This is at least in part because the letters in the words are grouped together while there is space between the words. The Gestalt principle illustrated in your ability to read the words is: A. closure B. simplicity C. convergence D. proximity

D. proximity

Gonzalo has been playing the saxophone for many years. Because he is so 'tuned in' to the sound of the sax, when he listens to a band playing with all of the instruments joined in the melody, he is able to pick out the saxophone(s) part(s) from all of the others and listen specifically to that instrument. Gonzalo's ability to do this illustrates: A. habituation B. perceptual focus C. Perceptual zoom D. selective awareness

D. selective awareness

A flashing red light at an intersection appears 'bright' due to the _______________ of the light and it appears 'red' because of the ____________ of the light. purity; frequency frequency; purity wavelength; amplitude amplitude; wavelength

amplitude; wavelength

Tobin was on a dive trip to the Cayman Islands and while diving he kept seeing "faces". One of these faces he perceived as the "face of the "Cookie Monster". In reality what he perceived as this face was two tube sponges growing next to a vase sponge causing the vase sponge to be 'dented' to form a smile with the tube sponges forming the 'eyes' above it. The gestalt principle that is best illustrated by Tobin perceiving the sponges to be a cookie monster face is: A. Closure B. Simplicity C. Similarity D. Proximity

B. Simplicity

All of the following are TRUE statements about dreaming EXCEPT: A. All cultures report people dreaming of being chased, being attacked, and falling. B. Under normal conditions, the longest dream tends to be the first dream of the night C. Men dream more about men than they do about women. D. Babies dream more than mature adults.

B. Under normal conditions, the longest dream tends to be the first dream of the night

Mark went to a Halloween Haunted house. Although he knew that nothing was "real", the surprise and the gore that were around every corner kept him jumping. Mark's brain wave pattern while going through the house was likely: A. alpha B. beta C. theta D. delta

B. beta

Research suggests that each individual may have an "ideal" time to go to bed. This is probably related to the fact that our body temperature fluctuates in a predictable way over a 24-hour period and we tend to fall asleep as our body temperature drops and we awaken as the temperature begins to rise again. This daily cycle of temperature fluctuation is just one example of: A. habituation B. circadian rhythms C. biofeedback control D. circumannual or circannual rhythms

B. circadian rhythms

Mikaela was watching the floats in the homecoming parade. Looking down the street at the line of floats, she observed that those closest to her appeared larger and also partially obstructed the view of the other floats. In addition while she was able to see the individual napkins used to cover the float that was in front of her, she was only able to perceive the letters, and forms depicted by the napkins on the floats farther away. All of the following depth perception cues have been highlighted in this description EXCEPT? A. relative size B. location perspective C. texture gradient D. Interposition

B. location perspective

Finna has been somewhat sleep deprived for years. She averages about 6 hours of sleep per night, which for a 20-something woman is 1-2 hours less than what studies suggest is necessary to maintain good health. According to studies conducted on sleep deprivation, there is a good possibility that all of the following descriptors of Finna are linked to her sleep deprivation EXCEPT A. being 20 pounds overweight and pre-diabetic B. not remembering her dreams when she wakes up C. convinced that 6 hours of sleep is enough for her and that she is doing just fine with just 6 hours. D. feeling depressed and irritable

B. not remembering her dreams when she wakes up

Linda agreed to let her therapist try to hypnotize her as a way to explore what others have identified as "past-life" experiences. She was somewhat skeptical of the whole hypnotic experience in general and the concept of "past-lives" specifically, but she thought it might be fun to give it a try. At the end of her session when her therapist brought her out of the hypnotic state, she firmly proclaimed to the therapist that none of this had worked because she did not feel as if she had been hypnotized and she didn't remember any odd experiences or memories, whether of past lives or not. However, the therapist had recorded the session and Linda clearly had been hypnotized and further had related several stories of very different lives that perhaps could be evidence of "past-lives". Linda's inability to remember anything that occurred while in the altered state of consciousness of hypnosis is fairly common and is referred to as: A. repression B. posthypnotic amnesia C. suggestibility D. posthypnotic anesthesia

B. posthypnotic amnesia

For their first anniversary of dating, Sara decided to bake Juan, a batch of his favorite chocolate frosted mini cupcakes. Sara frosted half of them with vanilla frosting colored red and half of them with chocolate frosting. She then proceeded to arrange them so that the red cupcakes formed the outline of a heart with an arrow through it while the chocolate frosted cupcakes filled in the center of the heart and also the rest of a square. When she gave the box of cupcakes to Juan, he easily perceived the heart with the arrow and thought her gesture was very sweet. Juan's perception of the heart with the arrow best illustrates which Gestalt Principle? A. simplicity B. similarity C. continuity D. closure

B. similarity

Darren was playing basketball. When he was going up for a rebound, out of the corner of his eye he noticed an elbow coming right at his face. Because he saw the elbow in time, he was able to quickly move his head to dodge it and avoid getting hit in the face. The part of his eye that was intricately involved in Darren seeing the elbow coming at him was: A. the fovea B. the retina C. the macula D. all of the above

B. the retina