Exam 3: Chapters 11,12,13, & 14

A mass shooting occurs in Indiana and there is a large loss of life. National media cover the tragedy. Jina lives in another state but has seen a lot of the news coverage. A week after the event, how will her emotions have changed?

A decrease in sadness, but an increase in anxiety

Which is an example of implicit racial bias?

A judge gives Black men longer prison terms than White men. She doesn't realize she is doing this, and she thinks she is impartial.

Which of the following groups is most likely to conform?

A large group making a public decision

Which statement is an example of the kind of mindset that leads to heroism?

"I take care of others."

Which is a key difference between using the term "patient" and using the term "client"?

"Patient" is used with a perspective of mental illness as a medical problem, while "client" is used from a perspective of mental illness as a problem in living.

Which statement best illustrates the relationship between social and physical pain?

"When she left me, it was as if I were being punched in the stomach."

Which is a key difference between the DSM-5 and earlier editions?

Earlier editions were Freudian; the DSM-5 avoids theories.

Noah has been a stockbroker for 15 years. He now has to take daily medications for ulcers and high blood pressure. Noah's situation is an example of which phase of general adaptation syndrome?

Exhaustion

Jo visits the campus counselor. Midterms are coming up, and she is highly stressed. Which treatment would you recommend?

Helping Jo add structure to her daily life

Molly is often late to events. If the events are early in the morning, she's usually cranky too. Which of the following concepts will most people blame Molly's behavior on?

Her personal laziness

What trait do Type A individuals have that leads to a greater incidence of heart disease?

Hostility

Lilibet meets four new people in a week. With which person is Lilibet most likely to form a social bond?

Kelen, her attractive co-worker

According to the law, in which of the following situations could the defense plead insanity?

Kelly runs over her boss with a car because he is an alien from outer space.

Which of the following people is the best candidate for medication as part of their treatment?

Killian's moods shift from extremely agitated to melancholic.

Aside from poverty, which of the following conditions increases difficulty in gaining access to therapy?

Lack of local therapists and being a minority

Doug is a young child who lives in a household with an abusive parent. The parent is strict and often arbitrary, and punishments are demeaning. Based on what you know from the Stanford Prison Experiment, which is Doug's most likely response to his home environment?

Learned helplessness

Wayne is on a SWAT team invading a citizen's house. He is heavily armed and has been told there are illegal substances in the home. Which of the following would decrease his chance of using excessive force?

Wearing civilian clothing

Violet has a severe phobia of spiders. Dr. Myers suggests that Violet likely had a scary encounter with a spider when she was little, which sparked the phobia. Dr. Myers represents the ________ perspective.

behavioral

Kendra has always struggled with her relationships. She is very intensive and possessive of others. If others push her away, she threatens suicide to keep them close to her. Kendra displays symptoms of ________ personality disorder.

borderline

A person who sees being fired from a job as an opportunity to try a new career is engaging in

cognitive restructuring.

A person who is blind without any physical basis for the condition has ________ disorder.

conversion

The ecological view suggests that we must consider ________ effects when thinking about psychological disorders and diagnoses.

cultural

Hostility is associated with a higher level of

cytokines

Nurse Ann: I've got five schizophrenics who need lunch here. Nurse Bette: One sec. Just need to finish counting these pills for 34B. This exchange is an example of

depersonalization.

Connor often feels like he has left his body and is floating above it. This situation is an example of ________ disorder.

depersonalization/derealization

During a crowded day on the slopes, Martin witnesses a snowboarder crashing into a skier. He sees many people around, so he assumes someone else will stop to help. This situation is an example of

diffusion of responsibility.

Elma says that it is 14 degrees Celsius and too rainy to go outside. Verina suggests they can wait until the rain stops and the temperature climbs to 16 degrees. Fran, who is new to the group, decides to use Celsius to think about the temperature instead of 57 degrees Fahrenheit. This is an example of__________________

informational social influence.

Dr. Khan is working with Lisa, who is suffering from agoraphobia. Dr. Khan carefully asks questions designed to probe the cause of Lisa's fear. Dr. Kahn is using ________ therapy.

insight

Experts in grief counseling suggest ________ is the best way to deal with grief.

integration

A patient who presents with confusing speech and babbling is displaying the ________ indicator of mental disturbance.

irrationality

During the first semester, professors fail to make accommodations for Gemma's mental illness. Even though she asks them for understanding early and shows them her diagnosis, they reject her request and call her lazy. The next semester, Gemma decides not to ask her new professors for accommodations. Gemma's behavior during the second semester is an example of

learned helplessness.

A combination of therapies work in tandem to treat depression. Antidepressants target the ________ and cognitive-behavioral therapy affects the

limbic system; frontal cortex.

Over the past few years, Doug has been a heavy drinker, which is now affecting his work and family. His wife demands he seek help from a psychologist. The psychologist notices that Doug displays the ________ indicator for mental disturbances.

maladaptiveness

A therapist who wants to help a client overcome a fear of spiders demonstrates why the fear is unfounded by actually handling the spider herself. This is termed participant

modeling.

Hippocrates and eighteenth century psychologists both believed in the idea that mental disorders are

natural, not supernatural, diseases.

Lisa stops at a convenience store to buy a cup of coffee. She has to pay with pennies, which irritates the people behind her. The rude comments she hears reinforces that fact that Lisa broke a social

norm.

Jenna is a psychology student. She notices her mother has been sad for the last 3 months—ever since her grandmother died, she changed jobs, and they had to move to a new state in a short period of time. Jenna should

offer her mother the phone number of a professional therapist.

The main reason why diet and exercise promotions are ineffective is that they rely on a ________ time perspective.

past-positive

Alexis has been discouraged by her recent breakup with her boyfriend. Her therapist suggests that she write down four things that are going well in her life and why. Alexis's therapist is using

positive psychotherapy.

People who deliberately leave other people out are participating in

relational bullying.

Mae cannot sleep. She keeps going over the events of the meeting today, pointing out to herself the times she mumbled, misunderstood, or spoke out of turn. These thoughts are accompanied by negative self-talk such as, "You are always so stupid." This is an example of

rumination.

When confronted with negative events, optimists tend to view the problem as the result of a ________ issue and the duration of the problem as

situational; temporary.

Unlike mental health professionals in the United States, the Senegalese understand mental disorders as the result of

something interfering with the relationship between person and group.

Carly sits down to play chess online with someone named LIZ02, someone she assumes is another woman. She is doing very well in the game, until a comment by LIZ02 makes her realize she is playing against a man. Carly begins to make mistakes and ends up losing the game. This is an example of________________________

stereotype threat.

A cell's age can be determined by measuring its

telomere

Which is a key difference between depressive disorders and bipolar disorder?

Those with a depressive disorder never experience a manic phase, while those with bipolar disorder do.

Which is an example of the kind of mental disorder the DSM covers least?

Timothy is having a hard time in his first year at graduate school.

A second grade teacher is struggling with classroom management. He decides to award stars to students who are doing their work well and who are not being loud or disruptive. After students earn 10 stars, they can pick a prize out of a bucket. This situation is an example of which form of behavior therapy?

Token economies

Which activity is used in time perspective therapy?

Adding positive memories to a traumatic event

Which of the following scenarios is an example of compassion fatigue?

After Emerson works as a firefighter for several years, she begins to avoid talking with fire victims.

Which example illustrates the most effective method for dealing with bullying?

After Rafi pushed Fatima, the teacher talked to the class about tolerance of others.

How does general psychology consensus today differ from the conclusions of the therapy evaluation by Hans Eysenck in 1952?

All forms of therapy are effective if they are long-term and consistent.

Which type of therapy appears to be the most effective for anxiety disorders?

Behavior

Angie is under a great deal of stress because she is trying to move into her new apartment, find a job, and maintain a relationship with her boyfriend. She struggles to find the balance, but as she does so, she reminds herself that the stress will pass and that she will be stronger for it. Angie is demonstrating which "C" of hardiness?

Challenge

Which of the following examples reflects a proven way to change the prejudice of a group of people?

Ciaran enforces housing desegregation laws.

Which kind of mental health professional is primarily trained to work with severe disorders but cannot prescribe medications?

Clinical psychologist

Patients who need mental health care are most likely to improve in which setting?

Clinics

Which treatment is showing promise for patients with schizophrenia who do not respond well to medication?

Cognitive-behavioral

Farah is an 8-year-old girl who exhibits anxious behavior. Which treatment is most likely to help prevent her from developing depression later?

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

Which method has been proven the most effective in treating major depression?

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

Valeria just started work again after having a baby. Her parents actively criticize her for using childcare instead of staying at home. Her job is demanding and she is highly stressed. She cannot sleep and has a hard time functioning at work. Which kind of therapy would you recommend?

Cognitive-behavioral therapy: talking to a counseling psychologist

Rania has a hard time prioritizing tasks in order of importance. She also has a hard time with a lot of input: at a recent office party, she tried to have one conversation, only to be distracted by another person, and another, and finally the constant buzz of all of the people there just became overwhelming. Now she takes a stimulant to help with keeping her thoughts in order. Which mental disorder does she have?

ADHD

Following a major earthquake, Lori somehow made it to safety, but she has no recollection of how she did it. Which stage is Lori in as a response to this catastrophe?

Automatic action

Lila is struggling with her weight. She decides to reward herself with a movie or coffee with a friend every time she loses 5 pounds. This situation is an example of which behavior therapy?

Contingency management

Amber is a new first grade teacher. She is assigned a mentor as she transitions to the job. Her mentor watches her daily, double-checks all of Amber's lesson plans, and criticizes almost everything Amber does. Amber is more likely to experience burnout due to which workplace factor?

Control

Which strategy is better for dealing with stress?

Coping

Which biological development is more common in male than in female brains?

Cortical lateralization

Lucy is nearing final exams. She needs to study extra hard because her GPA is close to the cutoff for the dean's list. The constant stress is making her feel fatigued, and she wants to stay home and sleep when a break comes. This situation is an example of the response from which chemical messengers?

Cytokines

Which of the following factors is most likely to influence someone to commit harmful acts?

Dehumanization of others

Ezio believes his private thoughts are being transmitted by aliens to other people. He says he doesn't see or hear them but knows they are there. He is otherwise well-groomed and well-spoken. Which disorder is he likely to have?

Delusional disorder

Audrey and Kavan have been married for 5 years. They have two children, both of them from Audrey's previous marriage. They do not share social circles, hobbies, or a bedroom. They got married because they thought their combined finances would provide them both with a higher quality of life. According to Sternberg's Model, which kind of love is this?

Empty love

Which of the following disorders is better handled without medication as a part of therapy?

Equinophobia (fear of horses)

Ramsen works for a large bank and has been there for 5 years. Andrew is chosen for a promotion over Ramsen, even though Andrew has only been with the company for 1 year. Ramsen will be more likely to experience burnout due to which workplace component?

Fairness

Which of the following increases the sense of subjective well-being?

Feeling competence and having autonomy

Dr. Ketchum wants her patient to follow his treatment plan. Which strategy would most likely help?

Giving the patient specific skills training

Which is a key difference between the medical and the psychological models of mental disorders?

The medical model identifies multiple causes for mental illness, while the psychological model identifies sole causes.

According to systems theory, which is responsible for immoral behavior by individuals?

Ideological validation for punishment

While walking to class, Erin suddenly stops—her heart is racing and she starts to shake, unable to breathe. The symptoms fade as quickly as they started. She looks around, and while no one seems to have noticed, she is terrified it will happen again during class. She goes back to her dorm. Barring physical illness, what does Erin probably have?

Panic disorder with agoraphobia

After Mary is diagnosed with breast cancer, she attends a support group where she learns about some alternative treatments and sources of free housekeeping. This situation is an example of which benefit of social support?

Informational support

Which is a major reason why so many critics do not like the DSM-5?

It organizes disorders by symptoms, not causes.

Which of the following is an example of a person engaged in biomedical therapy?

Jackson takes prescription medicines every morning.

Which three components make up complete love?

Passion, commitment, and intimacy

Drugs that increase the availability of norepinephrine and serotonin are effective in treating which type of mental disorder?

Major depression

Which mental disorder has been effectively treated with electroconvulsive therapy?

Major depression

Which person would be considered a candidate for psychosurgery?

Melissa feels constant pain with no clear cause.

Which belief led to the creation of asylums?

People with mental disorders needed to be protected from stress.

Which is a key aspect of the obsessive component of OCD?

Persistent thoughts

Tyrone is watching a sporting event outside. He suddenly feels a searing pain up and down his left arm and collapses in his chair. There are many people nearby. Who is most likely to overcome the bystander effect and help Tyrone?

Nenita, a paramedic

Which is an example of a method of treatment more common in collectivist countries?

Network therapy

Which is the most likely indicator that Nora has experienced significant stress?

Normally a healthy individual, Nora comes down with shingles and the flu.

Which types of supplemental treatments have helped bring schizophrenic patients back into the community?

Occupational, social skills, and family therapy

Chris is feeling nervous about starting his new job. He researches the company online and speaks to his new manager to learn more about his job. Chris is using which strategy to handle stress?

Problem-focused coping

Dr. Nazari is treating a patient by having the patient share whatever comes to mind. Dr. Nazari carefully listens for any hidden references to unconscious desires. Which type of insight therapy is Dr. Nazari using?

Psychoanalysis

According to systems theory, which option represents the best way to prevent unethical behavior by individuals?

Public awareness of systemic social diseases

Jori suffers from ophidiophobia, an intense fear of snakes. Her phobia is so debilitating that she refuses to do yard work or go on walks in case she encounters a snake. This situation is an example of a dysfunction of which of the NIMH's brain domains?

Punishments and threats

Amelia has always gotten straight As with little effort on her part. She believes she will always be able to maintain a 4.0 GPA. When she earns a B in a difficult class, she is surprised and becomes depressed. She begins to purposefully fail classes when she thinks she might not get an A so that she can maintain the belief that she can still always get an A if she tries. Which type of therapy would be appropriate for Amelia?

Rational-emotive behavior

Kira has a strong family history of depression. She is going through a hard time right now and wants to make sure she implements some preventive measures so that she does not get depression too. What can she do?

Regular exercise

Christopher hires Darnell as a new manager at his firm. Considering Milgram's experiments, what should Christopher do to ensure that Darnell follows his orders and expectations?

Rely on role models

Kelly believes that Cicada, a pharmaceutical company, is keeping medical costs high by refusing to lower the price of life-saving drugs. How might she use the poison parasite argument to influence public opinion?

Replacing Cicada with Sickada

What term refers to the ability to adapt and achieve well-being despite serious threats to development?

Resiliency

Kalina is a completing her residency in pediatrics. She is under a great deal of stress, cannot sleep, and is irritable with her friends. Kalina is in which phase of general adaptation syndrome?

Resistance

Which of the following people is more likely to develop depression?

Riley is fired from her job of 20 years.

Which is an example of the model of stress response more common in women?

Rohli faces eviction, so she spends the evening playing with her children.

According to astrology, someone who is an Aries has a bad temper. Zoe believes this is true because every Aries she knows is this way. She meets Radi, who is an Aries. During a disagreement, she expects Radi to get angry, but he remains congenial. Radi has unknowingly violated Zoe's social__________.

Schema

Harold has long been on drug therapy for a mental disorder. After 20 years on the drug, he now has tardive dyskinesia, which has manifested as a loss of facial muscle control. Which mental disorder does Harold likely have?

Schizophrenia

Where in the body does the stress response begin?

Sensory nervous system

Apsara realizes she is feeling upset. Which is an example of Apsara engaging in emotion-focused coping?

She takes a long walk.

Which traits are the best predictors of how well a person will be liked after a first meeting?

Similarity and physical attractiveness

Which statement best explains the results of the Milgram and Stanford Prison experiments?

Situations reinforcing power differences increase the capacity for unethical choices.

Which is a key similarity between the medieval European treatment of mental illness and later mental asylums?

The mentally ill were often beaten.

Which type of positive lifestyle choice is associated with reducing the duration of the flight-or-fight response?

Social support

Which perspective links cognitive and behavioral views?

Social-learning

Bijan has been diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Which would be the most effective way to treat his disorder?

Stimulant drugs and behavior therapy

Which two pathways are involved in the alarm phase of general adaptation syndrome?

Sympathetic nervous and endocrine

The medical view is ________, but the ecological view is

individual; social.

What is a key difference between the Stanford Prison Experiment and the Milgram experiment?

The Stanford Prison Experiment examined the power of the institution, while Milgram studied the power of the individual.

Which is a key difference between those who survive a terror attack and those who survive a natural catastrophe?

The survivors of a terror attack remain alert and afraid for a longer period of time.

Which statement best describes the current problem with both hospital and community treatment of mental health?

There is limited access to care due to social barriers like language and socioeconomic status.

Which is a key similarity between Freudian psychoanalysis and neo-Freudian psychodynamics?

They both emphasize motivation.

How do we tend to react to people who are in quadrant III of the dimensions of warmth and competence?

With disdain

Timothy is an obliging sort of person: he agrees with people easily, and he doesn't like it. According to Milgram's experiments, which work situation would decrease the pressure for Timothy to conform?

Working at home, away from an office environment

Aleksi has a long-distance friend who has suddenly disappeared after a fight. Because they only talk online, Aleksi cannot find out if his friend has had real-life problems, or if his friend was just mad and signed off for a while. Aleksi is angry and upset. What would you suggest that he do?

Write about his problems in a journal.

Which statement best applies a psychological therapy principle to the practice of classroom learning?

You are more likely to understand a concept if you practice it yourself.

In terms of social stigma, a mental illness should be treated like ________ but is more often treated like ________.

a broken arm; a criminal record

Carrie's parents were killed when all three of them were in a car accident when she was 9 years old. Twenty years later, Carrie still has no recollection of the accident itself. In this situation, Carrie is experiencing dissociative

amnesia.

Omar is often late to work. He blames traffic and tells his boss that it isn't his fault that he is late. Omar demonstrates a(n) ________ locus of control.

external

Yasmin feels she must go back into a room three times before being allowing to leave it. Her therapist prevents her from doing this for a length of time. Gradually, that length of time is increased until Yasmin no longer feels the need to repeat her ritual. This is an example of

extinction.

Harbin finds he cannot sleep; he lies awake thinking about terrorism, his homework, what to wear the next day, and if he will have to eat lunch alone. His heart races and he has cold sweats. Harbin's symptoms are an example of ________ disorder

generalized anxiety

A young boy goes to a guitar lesson with his grandmother. He acts up during his guitar lesson, calling his teacher names and refusing to play. A psychologist with an ecological view might say that the

grandmother has permitted the boy to treat her the same way.

Sango works at a theater. He and one other co-worker are told by their boss to get new training on how to use some electrical equipment. When they go into the theater to see the trainer, they are told that the equipment is used to give shocks to children who are disruptive during performances. Sango is more likely to refuse to use this equipment if

his co-worker refuses training.