Exam 3 HN 196 (ch.7)
List 3 functions of water in our body
1. Acts as a solvent for our body 2. Lubrication for our organs and tissues 3. Maintain blood volume, body temp, and blood pressure
Identify the AI for sodium intake and the most common sources of sodium in our diet.
AI: 1.5 g/day. No more than 2.3g/day. Sources: Ramen noodles, dill pickle, Mac and cheese, processed and restaurant food.
Describe the composition and location of body fluid
Approximately 50% and 70% of a healthy adults body is fluid. 2/3 of this fluid is intracellular fluid and the remainder is extracellular fluid.
Summarize the factors that most commonly contribute to dehydration and heat illnesses.
Dehydration: Heavy exercise or high external temperatures. Heat Cramps: Vigorous activity sessions in the heat. Heat Exhaustion: Vigorous activity sessions in heat. May develop after several days in high heat when fluids are inadequate. Heatstroke: When body temp regulation mechanisms fail. Occurs in hot, humid environments.
Discuss the physical mechanisms that cause us to gain or lose fluids.
Gain: Beverages, food, metabolic water. Lose: Sensible water loss (Urine and sweat), Insensible water loss (Evaporation and exhalation), and feces.
Identify the DRIs for water for adult men and women and the most healthful sources of fluids.
Men: 3.7 L Women: 2.7 L Sources: Water, food, metabolic water
Explain the importance of potassium, chloride, and phosphorus to human health.
Potassium: Fluid and elec. balance, important in muscle contractions, maintain lower blood pressure. Chloride: Assists with fluid balance, immune system. A component in HCl in the stomach. Phosphorus: Fluid balance, bone formation, the major intracellular negatively charged electrolyte, found in ATP, DNA, RNA
Describe how electrolytes assist in the regulation of healthful fluid balance
Water follows the movement of electrolytes, moving by osmosis to areas where the concentration of electrolytes is high, this allows for the controlled movement fluids into and out of cells.