Exam #3 Human Bio

The following is a list of structures in the eye through which light passes. Which one of the following answers best describes the order in which light passes through or hits each structure? 1. lens 2. pupil 3. cornea 4. aqueous humor 5. retina

3, 4, 2, 1, 5

Each of the following statements correctly describes an action potential EXCEPT which one?

Action potentials are propagated by the sodium-potassium pump.

During synaptic transmission, the influx of ________ causes vesicles in the axon bulb to fuse with the cell membrane, releasing ________.

Ca2+, neurotransmitter

Which of the following is TRUE regarding HIV and AIDS?

Due to improved education and prevention methods in the United States, the number of newly diagnosed cases of AIDS is rapidly declining.

All of the following statements about psychoactive drugs are TRUE EXCEPT which one?

Psychoactive drugs typically bind to the medulla oblongata

Which one of the following occurs when bright light hits the eye?

The pupil decreases in size.

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding lymph nodes?

They filter lymph fluid, trapping microorganisms and abnormal cells.

The loudness (intensity) of a sound is specifically associated with the

amplitude of the sound waves

Oligodendrocytes are similar to Schwann cells in that they

are a type of neuroglial cell

Conscious thought is associated with which one of the following?

cerebral cortex

Which one of the following types of receptors are most likely to be classified as "silent" receptors?

chemoreceptors

Convergence occurs when several presynaptic cells

form a synapse with a single postsynaptic cell

A small amount of fluid is contained in the pleural cavity to

function as a lubricant as the lungs move during ventilation

Which one of the following parts of the brain effectively links the nervous system and the endocrine system?

hypothalamus

Carbaminohemoglobin differs from hemoglobin in that carbaminohemoglobin

is bound to carbon dioxide

Which of the following receptors are MOST likely to demonstrate receptor adaptation?

olfactory receptors in the nose

When a person changes from one level of sleep to another during the night, neuronal activity in which one of the following brain regions increases?

reticular activating system (RAS)

Developing strategies for treating HIV infection and preventing AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa have been complicated by

the inability to identify AIDS patients located in sub-Saharan Africa

Antibodies are classified by size, location, and function, and which one of the following represents the most common type of immunoglobulin?

IgG

Which one of the following best explains why humans must constantly breathe in oxygen in order to stay alive?

Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the process of cellular respiration, which results in the production of the ATPs required to fuel cell functions.

Which one of the following types of T cells is a critical component of the immune system because it stimulates and enhances the activity of other components of the immune system?

T helper cell

An individual with an uncertain vaccine history has been brought to the emergency room after receiving severe lacerations in an accident with farm machinery. In addition to administering a tetanus toxoid vaccine, he is also given a shot of tetanus immune globulin (TIG), a form of passive immunization. Why are both necessary?

The tetanus immune globulin provides immediate, short-term protection, and the tetanus vaccine provides long-term protection.

Which of the following disorders is described as follows: damage to motor nerves innervating skeletal muscle; skeletal muscles weaken; death usually results within five years of diagnosis?

amytrophic lateral sclerosis

Carbon dioxide is carried from the tissues to the lungs by a variety of mechanisms. Which of the following lists these mechanisms in order representing the mechanism that carries the most carbon dioxide to the mechanism that carries the smallest amount?

bicarbonate -carbaminohemoglobin-dissolved in plasma

Which of the following results from the stimulation by nerve impulses generated in the respiratory center when they arrive at the muscles involved in inspiration?

contraction of the diaphragm

The left and right sides of the cerebrum are interconnected by which one of the following?

corpus callosum

The vestibule contains two fluid-filled chambers, called the utricle and saccule, which are alike in that

each has a gel-like substance on the inside

All of the following are ways in which a mild fever participates as part of the body's second line of defense and aids the body EXCEPT

enhancing the secretion of antibodies by plasma cells

Which of the following leukocytes is most likely to be directly involved in the destruction of flukes (a parasitic flatworm)?

eosinophils

The advantage of having memory cells in specific defenses is that

if exposed to an antigen a second time, they quickly become plasma cells

In which one of the following situations is hemoglobin most likely to bind oxygen?

in a tissue with a neutral pH

During exhalation, the pressure inside the lungs

initially is higher than atmospheric pressure, but drops as air leaves the body

HIV is classified as a retrovirus because

it makes a DNA copy of its RNA once inside the host cell

During puberty, the increased production of testosterone in males causes the rapid enlargement of which one of the following structures of the respiratory system?

larynx

When air entering the respiratory tract leaves the pharynx, it next enters the

larynx

Which one of the following parts of the eye is affected by cataracts?

lens

Which one of the following is/are located in the tonsils to filter out many of the microorganisms that enter the throat?

lymphocytes

A student noticed that when he closed his eyes, he could still determine the position of his arms and legs. This is largely due to the activity of

mechanoreceptors

Which one of the following would result in passive immunity?

movement of antibodies across the placenta from mother to child

The "blind spot" is associated with which one of the following?

optic disk

Which one of the following is a symptom of botulism?

paralysis of muscles used for breathing

When a sound wave first arrives at the ear, the wave is directed toward the auditory canal by

pinna

Which one of the following diseases is caused by a virus that is introduced to the body through the skin and travels along sensory neurons to the brain?

rabies

Which one of the following diseases is caused by a virus?

rabies

A neuron at rest has a charge difference across its cell membrane, with the interior of the cell negative relative to the exterior. This difference in charge across the plasma membrane is referred to as ________ potential

resting

Which one of the following structures is used to sense rotational movement of the head and body?

semicircular canals

The motor division of the peripheral nervous system sends information to all of the following EXCEPT which one?

sensory division

Which one of the following provides the central nervous system with information about the outside environment?

sensory division

As humans age, their ability to focus on nearby objects deteriorates. This is the result of

stiffening of the lens and loss of accommodation capability

Excitatory neurotransmitters encourage the generation of new electrical impulses by which one of the following?

stimulating depolarization of postsynaptic neurons