Exam #3 Questions : Chapter 8 and 7

conditioned response

The behavior that an organism learns to perform when presented with a conditioned stimulus is termed as a(n) _______________

latent learning

The learning that occurs in the absence of reinforcement and is not demonstrated until later when reinforcement occurs,s is called ______________

observational learning

Albert Bandura called learning by watching the behavior of others...

boot levels of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine

Aricept and Reminyl are two medications that are approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease because they:

associates a previously neutral stimulus with a stimulus to which it has an automatic, inborn response

Classical conditioning occurs when an organism...

white fluffy objects

During the classical study of the power of conditioning techniques, John B. Watsosn and Rosalie Rayner conditioned Little Albert to develop a fear of __________________

fixed-ratio schedule

For every 10 cars Gus sells, he get a bonus. Gus's sales are being reinforced according to a ________________

positive reinforcement

Giving extra credit points for turning in homework on time increases the likelihood that students will submit their assignments on time. This is an example of ___________________

Enduring changes in behavior that occur with experience

How do psychologists define learning?

fixed-interval schedule

In a ___________________, reinforcement always follows the first response after a set amount of time

long-term memory

Memories of one's first pet and how to read reside in:

Forgetting Curve

Research on forgetting began in the 1880s with Herman Ebbinghaus, who found that recall shows a steady decline over time. This decline is now termed as Ebbinghaus's:

conversion from short-term to long-term memory storage requires spaced repetition

Researcher Eric Kandel's work with sea slugs showed that:

negative punishment

Revoking a child's TV-watching privileges for repeatedly hitting a sibling is a form of ___________ if it stop the hitting.

conditioned response (CR) that has been extinguished suddenly reappears

Spontaneous Recovery occurs when a(n):

prefrontal cortex

The ______________ is a region of the brain that plays an important part in attention, appropriate social behavior, impulse control, and working memory

chunking

The string of digits 17749991941 is difficult for most people to remember, but breaking them into 177,999,1941 in a process called ____________________ makes it easier

behavior modification

Thelma is trying to quit smoking. Her therapists tells her to reward herself with a dollar every time she successfully fights off the craving for a cigarette. The therapist is using a _______________ technique in helping Thelma to quit smoking

explicit memory

When one knows or remembers something but does not consciously know that one remembers it, then one is said to be tapping into:

operant conditioning

Whenever Julia gets ready for school on time, she gets a chocolate from her mother. Hence, Julia always tries to get ready on time. This is an example of __________ type of learning

Food, water, and sex are primary reinforcers

Which of the following statements is true regarding primary reinforcers?

retroactive

________________ interference occurs when new experiences or information causes people to forget previously learned experiences or information

proactive

________________ interference occurs when previously learned information interferes with the learning of new information

False

________________ memories are memories for events that never happened, but were suggested by someone or something

implicit

________________ memories are retrieved without conscious effort

implicit, explicit

_________________ is to nondeclarative memory as ___________________ is to declarative memory

short-term

_________________ memory is also called working memory, because it is the part of memory required to attend to and solve a problem at hand

associative network

a(n) ____________________ is a chain of linkages between related concepts

recency effect

recall for items at the end of a list is known as the:

stimulus generalization

the extension of the association between the unconditioned stimulus to a broad array of similar stimuli is called ___________________