Exam 3 quiz questions

Jacoby's experiment, in which participants made judgments about whether they had previously seen the names of famous and non-famous people, found that inaccurate memories based on source misattributions occurred after a delay of...

24 hours

which of the following learning techniques is LEAST likely to lead to deep processing of the info?

Thuy has just brought a new car and is trying to learn her new license plate sequence. Every morning, for 3 weeks, she repeats the sequence out loud when she wakes up

Your book explains that brief episodes of retrograde amnesia (e.g., the traumatic disruption of newly formed memories when a football player takes a hit to the head and can't recall the last play before the hit) reflect...

a failure of memory consolidation

A script is a type of schema that also includes knowledge of

a sequence of actions

Which of the following terms does NOT reflect the concept of flashbulb memories?

accurate

For most adults over age 40, the reminiscence bump describes enhanced memory for

adolescence and young adulthood

the misinformation effect occurs when a person's memory for an event is modified by misleading info presented

after the event

Stanny and Johnson's "weapons focus" experiment, investigating memory for crime scenes, found that

the presence of a weapon hinders memory for other parts of the event

Which statement below is NOT true, based on the results of memory research?

although eyewitness testimony is often faulty, people who have just viewed a videotape of a crime are quite accurate at picking the "perpetrator" from a lineup.

In Lindsay's "misinformation effect" experiment, participants saw a sequence of slides showing a maintenance man stealing money and a computer. this slide presentation included narration by a female speaker who described what was happening in the slides as they were shown. Results showed that the misinformation effect was greatest when presentation of misleading post-event information was

auditory from a female speaker

Mantyla's "banana / yellow, bunches, edible" experiment demonstrates that, for best memory performance, retrieval cues should be created

by the person whose memory will be tested

The conclusion to be drawn from the man named Shereshevskii whose abnormal brain functioning gave him virtually limitless word-for-word memory is that having memory like a video recorder

can seriously disrupt functioning in one's personal life

Schrauf and Rubin's "two groups of immigrants" study found that the reminiscence bump coincided with periods of rapid change, occurring at a normal age for people emigrating early in life but shifting to 15 years later for those who emigrated later. These results support the...

cognitive hypothesis

__________ transforms new memories from a fragile state, in which they can be disrupted, to a more permanent state, in which they are resistant to disruption

consolidation

the "telephone game" is often played by children. One child creates a story and whispers it to a second child, who does the same to a third child, and so on. When the last child recites the story to the group, his or her reproduction of the story is generally shorter than the original and contains many omissions and inaccuracies. This game shows how memory is a __________ process

constructive

In the "word list" false memory experiment where several students incorrectly remembered hearing the word sleep, false memory occurs because of

constructive memory processes

Bartlett's experiment in which English participants were asked to recall the "War of the Ghosts" story that was taken from the French Indian culture illustrated the...

constructive nature of memory

Which of the following has been shown to play a role in the strength of memories that are associated with emotion?

cortisol

In the "war of the ghosts" experiment, participants' reproductions contained inaccuracies based on

cultural expectations

After witnessing a bank robbery downtown, Javier completed a cognitive interview at the police station. What term would Javier likely use to describe his interview experience?

multidimensional

Which of the following is most commonly associated with music-enhanced autobiographical memories (MEAMS)?

emotion

People often report an annoying memory failure when they walk from one end of the house to the other for something and then forgetting what they went to retrieve when they reach their destination. As soon as they return to the first room, they are reminded of what they wanted in the first place. This common experience best illustrates the principle of...

encoding specificity

Lindsay's misinformation effect experiment, in which participants were given a memory test about a sequence of slides showing a maintenance man stealing money and a computer, showed that participants are influenced by misleading post-event information

even if they are told to ignore the post-event information

Which of the following is the most accurate statement regarding post-event information and the misinformation effect

even when participants are told that the post-event information is incorrect, the misinformation effect can still occur

A lesson to be learned from the research on flashbulb memories is that

extreme vividness of a memory does not mean it is accurate

Your text's discussion of eyewitness testimony illustrates that this type of memory is frequently influenced by all of the following EXCEPT...

failing to elaboratively rehearse these kinds of events due to fear

in slameka and Graf's (1978) study, some participants read word pairs, while other participants had to fill in the blank letters of the second word in a pair with a word related to the first word. The latter group performed better on a later memory task, illustrating the

generation effect

Extrapolating from the cultural life script hypothesis, which of the following events would be easiest to recall?

graduating from college at age 22

bransford and johnson's study had participants hear a passage, which turned out to be about a man on the street serenading his girlfriend in a tall building. The wording of the passage made it difficult to understand, but looking at a picture made it easier to understand. the results of this study illustrated the importance of _____________ in forming reliable long-term memories

organizational context

Which of the following statements is true of the cognitive interview technique?

police allow witnesses to talk with a minimum of interruption from the officer

the maintenance rehearsal task of learning a word by repeating it over and over again is most likely to

produce some short-term remembering, but fail to produce longer-term memories

You have been studying for weeks for a nursing school entrance exam. You love the idea of becoming a nurse, and you have been enjoying learning about the material for your exam. Each night, you put on relaxing clothes and study in the quiet of your lovely home. Memory research suggests you should take your test with a _____ mind set.

relaxed

retrograde amnesia is usually less sever for ______________memories

remote

Hebb's idea of long-term potentiation, which provides a physiological mechanism for the long-term storage of memories, includes the idea of

increased firing in the neurons

within the context of studying, which of the following would be related to an illusion?

highlighting

According to your text, imagery enhances memory because...

imagery can be used to create connections between items to be remembered

Much research has been dedicated to improving the reliability of eyewitness testimony. One finding reveals that when constructing a lineup,

increasing similarity between "fillers" and a suspect leads to an increased level of missed identification of some guilty suspects

the experiment in which participants first read sentences about a baseball game and were then asked to identify sentences they had seen before, illustrated that memory

involves making inferences

Elaborative rehearsal of a word will LEAST likely be accomplished by

repeating it over and over

which of the following is key to the illusory truth effect?

repetition

___________ cues help us remember information that has been stored in memory

retrieval

Examples from your book describing real experiences of how memories, even ones from a long time ago, can be stimulated by locations, songs, and smells highlight the importance of ____ in LTM.

retrieval cues

flashbulb memory is best represented by which of the following statements?

it is memory for the circumstances surrounding how a person heard about an emotional event that remains especially vivid but not necessarily accurate over time

in the experiment conducted by Viskontas and coworkers using picture pairs, a participant's later experience of familiarity with a particular pair was coded as _____________

know

"S" who had a photographic memory that was described as virtually limitless, was able to achieve many feats of memory. According to the discussion in your text, S's memory system operated

less efficiently than normal

The observation that older adults often become nostalgic for the "good old days" reflects the self-image hypothesis, which states that...

memory for life events is enhanced during the time we assume our life identities

what is the difference between synaptic consolidation and systems consolidation

scale

Your friend has been sick for several days, so you go over to her home to make her some chicken soup. Searching for a spoon, you first reach in a top drawer beside the dishwasher. Then, you turn to the big cupboard beside the stove to search for a pan. In your search, you have relied on a kitchen

schema

In the experiment in which participants sat in an office and then were asked to remember what they saw in the office, participants "remembered" some things, like books, that weren't actually there. This experiment illustrates the effect of _____ on memory.

schemas

Wei has allergy symptoms. He has gone to his regular doctor and an allergy specialist, but he wasn't given a prescription by either doctor. Instead, he was advised to buy any over-the-counter medicine. While he was in the specialist's waiting area, he read a magazine where he saw three ads for an allergy medicine called SneezeLess. A week later, in a drug store, Wei says to his brother, "My doctor says SneezeLess works great. I'll buy that one." Wei and his doctor never discussed SneezeLess. Wei has fallen victim to which of the following errors?

source monitoring

the principle that we encode information together with its context is known as encoding

specificity

Dr. Leung is leading a research team to explore the retrieval practice effect. Which of the following will likely be a key component of her team's research protocol?

testing

autobiographical memory research shows that a person's brain is more extensively activated when viewing photos

the person took himself or herself