Exam 3 Quizzes
A boy falls while riding his bike. A scrape on his hand almost immediately begins to bleed and becomes red, warm, and swollen. Which type of response is most consistent with these symptoms? a. inflammatory response b. lytic response c. adaptive immune response d. autoimmune response
a
Action potentials move along axons ________. a. more rapidly in myelinated than in unmyelinated axons b. by activating the sodium-potassium "pump" at each point along the axon c. more slowly in axons of large diameter than in axons of small diameter d. by reversing the concentration gradients for sodium and potassium ions
a
The following are events in the transmission of a signal at a chemical synapse. 1. neurotransmitter binds with receptors associated with the postsynaptic membrane. 2. calcium ions rush into neuron's cytoplasm 3. an action potential depolarizes the membrane of the presynaptic axon terminal 4. the ligand-gated ion channels open 5. the synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft a. 3 > 2 > 5 > 1 > 4 b. 2 > 3 > 5 > 4 > 1 c. 4 > 3 > 1 > 2 > 5 d. 1 > 2 > 3 > 4> 5
a
You and your friend were equally exposed to a virus, but over the next few days, only your friend acquired flu-like symptoms and was ill for almost a week before recovering. Which one of the following is a logical explanation for this? a. you had an immunological memory of that virus b. your friend had allergies c. your friend had an autoimmune disorder d. your inflammatory response worked more quickly than your friend's response
a
The CRISPR-Cas system originated as an adaptive immune system for microbes, such as bacteria. What does the CRISPR-Cas system help protect the bacteria from? a. protists b. viruses c. fungi d. archaea
b
Which of the following statements best supports the argument that viruses are nonliving? a. they have RNA rather than DNA b. they do not carry out metabolic responses c. they do not evolve d. their DNA does not encode proteins
b
Which statement is true about innate immunity? a. the extent of an innate immunity response depends on an infected animal's previous exposure to a pathogen b. innate immunity is the first, and most general, mechanism of protection against pathogens c. only vertebrates use innate immunity d. innate immunity is based on recognition of antigens that are specific to a pathogen
b
For a neuron with an initial membrane potential at -70mV, what would be the result of an increase in the movement of potassium ions out of that neuron's cytoplasm? a. depolarization of the neuron b. replacement of potassium ions with sodium ions c. hyperpolarization of the neuron d. replacement of potassium ions with calcium ions
c
T cells originate in the _____ and travel to the _____ to mature and differentiate. a. thymus, bone marrow b. lymph nodes, thymus c. bone marrow, thymus d. bone marrow, spleen
c
Which of the following is an innate immunity defense unique to vertebrates? a. barrier defense b. phagocytosis c. inflammatory response d. antimicrobial peptides
c
Which of the following statements accurately describes the lysogenic cycle of a lamda phage? a. the viral genes immediately turn the host cell into a lamda producing factory. then the host lyses. b. the product of one prophage gene is made and it activates most of the other prophage genes c. the phage genome is integrated in the host chromosome where it is passed on to daughter cells through binary fission d. the phage DNA is copied and accumulates in the cytoplasm. then a trigger causes capsid proteins to be made and phages are assembled.
c
A helper T cell a. secretes cytokines that promote the response of cytotoxic B cells b. a type of red blood cells that mediates immune responses c. kills infected cells as well as certain cancer cells and transplanted cells d. secretes cytokines that promote the response of B cells
d
Which of the following processes can be effective in preventing the onset of viral infection in humans? a. taking antibiotics to inhibit bacterial growth b. taking drugs that inhibit transcription c. taking vitamins before being exposed to various viruses d. getting vaccinated to certain viruses
d
T/F Each B cell antigen receptor is made up of a Y shaped protein consisting of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains.
t