Exam 3 Review (Ch. 11-12)
In the extrinsic pathway, the cut cells release factor ____
3
What is O- frequency percentage?
7%
An A+ person has what type of agglutinogens on their RBC and what type of agglutinins in their plasma?
A and D; b
What is this patient's blood type: clumping of the red blood cells occurred after the addition of agglutinin b and agglutinin d?
B+
Vitamin _____ is involved in the formation of thymine.
B-12
An B- person has what type of agglutinogens on their RBC and what type of agglutinins in their plasma?
B; a
The Rh factor is the _____ agglutinogen
D
Who discovered the proteins on the surface of erythrocytes we now call agglutinogens and the Rh factor?
Karl Landsteiner
Who discovered platelets?
Osler
The Rh factor is named after the _____________
Rhesus monkey
Antisera contain high concentrations of what?
agglutinins
Low hemoglobin can lead to _______
anemia
Factor 4 is called ______
calcium ions
The source of Factor 3 is ________
damaged tissue
-penia is associated with ______
deficit
Old RBCs are engulfed by WBCs in what three places?
liver, spleen, bone marrow
Erythrocytes lack ______ and _______
nuclei; mitochondria
Factor 11 is called ______
plasma thromboplastin antecedent (PTA)
What is a common enzyme that is formed and used to dissolve clots?
streptokinase
Blood clots increase the chance of having a _________
stroke
Factor 10 is called ______
stuart-power factor
______ is released to continue the stickiness of the platelets
thromboxane A2
The largest component of plasma is ____.
water
What is AB- frequency percentage?
1%
What is the total magnification used to identify white blood cells?
1,000
In the extrinsic pathway, Factor 7 in the presence of factor 4 will activate factor ___
10
In the intrinsic pathway, factor 4 and factor 8 will activate factor ___
10
What factor marks the beginning of the common pathway?
10
What 4 factors are involved in the common pathway?
10, 2, 1, 13
Approximately what percentage of packed blood consists of erythrocytes?
100%
In the intrinsic pathway, factor 12 activates factor ____
11
In the intrinsic pathway, factor 11 activates factor ____
12
PF-3 inactivates factor _____
12
What 7 factors are involved in the intrinsic pathway? (numbers)
12, 11, 2, 9, 4, 8, 10
What is the lifespan of red blood cells?
120 days
The negative charges of glass activates factor ____ and initiates the ______ pathway
12; intrinsic
In the common pathway, in the presence of factor _____, a clot will form
13
Which of the following values would represent monocytosis? -1% -4% -10% -15%
15%
If you counted 75 cells in each of the leukocyte counting squares, what would be the total WBC count based on the dilution factor associated with the lab?
15,000mm^3
In the common pathway, once factor 10 is activated it will convert factor ____ to thrombin
2
Without calcium ions, clotting factors such as ___ and ___ will not be activated.
2 and 10
What is B- frequency percentage?
2%
What 4 clotting factors are made by the liver and the liver uses vitamin K to manufacture those factors?
2, 7, 9, 10
What 4 factors require vitamin K?
2, 7, 9, 10
What is eosinophil's normal population range percentage?
2-4%
What is monocyte's normal population range percentage?
2-8%
What is lymphocyte's normal population range percentage?
20-40%
Each erythrocyte consists of about _____ million molecules of hemoglobin.
280
What is AB+ frequency percentage?
3%
What 4 factors are involved in the extrinsic pathway?
3, 7, 4, 10
What is A+ frequency percentage?
34%
What is O+ frequency percentage?
38%
Average temperature of blood is _______ °C or ______°F
38; 100.4
If you counted 35 white blood cells and found 17 of them to be neutrophils, what would your neutrophil percentage be?
48.6%
The total blood volume is about _____ liters
5
What is the normal range for white blood cells in a healthy individual?
5,000 to 10,000 microliters
What is neutrophil's normal population range percentage?
50-70%
There are _____ amino acids in one hemoglobin molecule.
574
What is A- frequency percentage?
6%
In the extrinsic pathway, Factor ____ is made by the liver and will be activated by factor 3.
7
Plasma proteins constitute ____% of plasma
7-9
pH of blood is _________
7.35-7.45
What is B+ frequency percentage?
9%
Erythrocytes are ______% of all formed elements
99
Kelsey = A- Jason = O+ Brady = AB- Adam = B+ What agglutinins are present in the plasma of Adam's blood?
A
An AB- person has what type of agglutinogens on their RBC and what type of agglutinins in their plasma?
A and B; none
An AB+ person has what type of agglutinogens on their RBC and what type of agglutinins in their plasma?
A,B,D; none
Since the advent of RhoGam, an A- patient can receive packed donation from what 4 types of blood?
A-, A+, O-, O+
An A- person has what type of agglutinogens on their RBC and what type of agglutinins in their plasma?
A; b
What is a person's blood type if they show agglutination in all three types of antisera?
AB+
Prior to RhoGAM, which of the following scenarios proved to be a concern? -An Rh- mom giving birth to an Rh- baby -An Rh- mom giving birth to an Rh+ baby -An Rh+ mom giving birth to an Rh- baby -An Rh+ mom giving birth to an Rh+ baby
An Rh- mom giving birth to an Rh+ baby
If a patient has adequate amounts of iron but is still not able to form hemoglobin, what vitamin might they lack?
B
An B+ person has what type of agglutinogens on their RBC and what type of agglutinins in their plasma?
B and D; a
Aspirin is used to inhibit __________, thereby inhibiting the formation of ________ responsible for pain.
COX 1; prostaglandins
Kelsey = A- Jason = O+ Brady = AB- Adam = B+ What agglutinogens are present on the erythrocytes of Jason's blood?
D
An O+ person has what type of agglutinogens on their RBC and what type of agglutinins in their plasma?
D; a and b
Who discovered that adding sodium citrate to blood prevented the blood from clotting?
Dr. Hustin
__________ binds to calcium ions thereby preventing the ions from being a part. of the clotting mechanism.
EDTA
If you knew nothing about an emergency patient other than you realize they indeed need blood immediately, what type of blood would you give them since you do not know their blood type?
O- packed cells
What two researchers developed a citrate-glucose solution that allowed blood to be stored for a few weeks after collection and still remain viable for transfusion?
Rous and Turner
Which of the following statements is correct? -Type AB patients have the A and B agglutinogen -Type AB patients have the a and b agglutinin -Type AB patients have the AB agglutinin -Type AB patients have the AB agglutinogen
Type AB patients have the A and B agglutinogen
The clumping of blood is called ____
agglutination
A type AB person can donate plasma to a type A person because the type AB donor does not have any ________.
agglutinins
_______ are found in the blood plasma
agglutinins
__________ are found on the surface of erythrocytes
agglutinogens
A type O person is considered to be a universal donor of packed cells because they do not have any a_______ . A type AB person is a universal receiver of packed cells because they do not have any __________.
agglutinogens; agglutinins
What type of plasma protein creates osmotic pressure that draws H2O from interstitial fluid into capillaries to maintain blood volume and pressure?
albumin
What are the 3 types of plasma proteins?
albumin, globulins, fibrinogen
What are the three types of plasma proteins?
albumin, globulins, fibrinogen
A/an ______ is the agent that causes the body to have an allergic reaction, which generally manifests itself with a relatively high number of __________.
allergen; eosinophils
________ is the agent that causes the body to have an allergic reaction, which generally manifests itself with a relatively high number of ________
allergen; eosinophils
Which part of the hemoglobin molecule transport carbon dioxide to the lungs for exhalation?
amino acids
B cells produce ________
antibodies
Agglutinins are a type of ______
antibody
Agglutinogens are also known as ________
antigens
Factor 8 is called ________
antihemophiliac factor A (AHF)
What type of leukocyte monitors "unneeded" clots and releases histamine and heparin?
basophil
Which of the following is involved in releasing histamine and causing inflammation? -monocyte -eosinophil -lymphocyte -basophil -neutrophil
basophil
Antihistamines can inhibit ____ activity and block ______ receptor sites.
basophil; histamine
Antihistamines will inhibit _____ activity or block ______ receptor sites.
basophil; histamine
What type of granular leukocyte isn't phagocytic?
basophils
Red blood cells are flattened, _________ disks
biconcave
What causes the skin to have a yellowish color when the liver is not functioning in "full capacity"?
bilirubin
Heme in the liver will convert to _____ and then ________
biliverdin; bilirubin
Erythrocytes and leukocytes are formed in _______
bone marrow
When blood agglutinates, the red blood cells being to ______
burst
_________ is hemoglobin bound to carbon dioxide
carbaminohemoglobin
In hemoglobin, _________ binds _____ times faster than oxygen.
carbon monoxide; 200
If the liver isn't functioning up to par, a lot of the bilirubin can enter into the ____.
circulatory system
_______ prevents the liver from utilizing vitamin K for the production of several blood clotting factors
coumadin
_______ is hemoglobin released to oxygen
deoxyhemoglobin
The source of Factor 4 is ________
diet
To prevent excess clotting, ________ cells lining the blood vessels will release a type of prostaglandin called _______
endothelial; PGI2
What type of leukocyte responds to allergies or pathogens such as worms?
eosinophil
If we counted 50 leukocytes and found 3 of those cells to be eosinophils, the patient would have______
eosinophilia
During erythropoiesis, ____ will lose cell organelles and develop into a (an)____.
erythroblasts; erythrocyte
Since the ____ no longer has a nucleus, it has a life-span of about ____.
erythrocyte; 120 days
______ is the maturation of myeloid stem cells to make new red blood cells
erythropoiesis
-cytosis is associated with _______
excess
-philia is associated with ______
excess
In the _____ pathway, tissue is cut
extrinsic
The pathway beginning with the release of Tissue Thromboplastin is called the ________ pathway.
extrinsic
True or False: Patients with Rh+ blood can manufacture the d agglutinins after an Rh- donation.
false
True or False; aspirin thins the blood.
false
Under normal circumstances, the majority of the bilirubin will leave the body by way of _______.
feces
In the common pathway, thrombin converts factor I to ______
fibrin
_____ is the final substance formed to make a clot.
fibrin
Factor 13 is called ______
fibrin-stabilizing factor (FSF)
Factor 1 is called ______
fibrinogen
What type of plasma protein serves as a clotting factor?
fibrinogen
T cells present _________ to the B cells.
foreign antigens
What type of plasma protein carries lipids?
globulins
Agglutinogens are a type of __________
glycoprotein
Most often, you cannot see the nucleus of basophils because they have a numerous number of ______ that will "hide" the nucleus.
granules
Factor 12 is called ______
hageman/glass factor
What part of hemoglobin will become bilirubin?
heme
____________ is used to determine the total white blood cell count
hemocytometer
If a person is born with a condition known as ______, they typically are lacking factor VIII
hemophilia
_______ binds to prothrombin thus preventing it from being able to do its job
heparin
_______ is formed by basophils and prevents blood clotting
heparin
Kelsey = A- Jason = O+ Brady = AB- Adam = B+ If Adam needed a blood transfusion, who from the list above could he receive blood safely from in reference to packed cells?
himself and Jason
Kelsey = A- Jason = O+ Brady = AB- Adam = B+ If Brady were to serve as a packed cell donor, who from the list above could receive his blood safely?
himself only
Basophils consist of many granules that release _______
histamine
_____ is formed by basophils and causes vasodilation and increased capillary permeability.
histamine
When carbon monoxide binds to iron of hemoglobin, this can cause _______
hypoxia
Which of the following initiates the formation of leukocytes from stem cells? -leukopoietin -interleukin -erythropoietin -thrombopoietin
interleukin
The pathway beginning with the activation of factor XII (hageman factor) is called the _______ pathway.
intrinsic
In the ______ pathway, ________ fibers from damaged tissue activates factor XII
intrinsic; collagen
When a patient has excess bilirubin in their bloodstream, they may have a condition called ________ which gives a yellowish tint to their skin.
jaundice
Which of the following statements is correct? -Jaundice is a condition caused by excess bilirubin in the blood. -Bilirubin converts to jaundice if the liver isn't functioning properly. -Jaundice is a chemical in the blood that gives off a yellowish color. -If the liver is functioning properly, jaundice will convert to bile and then be used by the small intestine during digestion.
jaundice is a condition caused by excess bilirubin in the blood
What specific structures or cells of the kidneys produce erythropoietin?
juxtaglomerular cells
The nucleus of monocytes are _______- shaped
kidney
What is basophil's normal population range percentage?
less than 1%
Colony-stimulating factors (hormones) stimulate _________ production
leukocyte
Which of the following cells can undergo a process called diapedesis? -erythrocytes -leukocytes -platelets -all of the above
leukocytes
A patient who has 15,000 WBCs per mm3 has a case of ____.
leukocytosis
Leukocyte production is also called _______
leukopoiesis
The source of all blood clotting factors besides 3 and 4 is _________.
liver
B and T cells are derived from what kind of leukocyte?
lymphocyte
What type of leukocyte responds to bacteria and viruses?
lymphocyte
What are the two types of agranulocytes?
lymphocytes and monocytes
A viral infection may result in a case of ____.
lymphocytosis
What is another word for cells bursting?
lyse
Platelets are fragments from a cell called a/an ____.
megakaryoblast
What are the 5 functions of blood?
molecular transport, pH and ion regulation, minimize blood loss, fight microbial invaders, thermoregulation
What type of leukocyte responds to bacteria and fungus?
monocyte
A patient who has a fungal infection would have a case of ____.
monocytosis
What type of lymphocyte detects and destroys abnormal tissue cells (cancerous cells)?
natural killer cells
The release of EPO is controlled by a _________ feedback mechanism.
negative
What type of leukocyte responds to bacteria?
neutrophil
A physician would definitely prescribe an antibiotic if the patient had elevated levels of ________
neutrophils
What type of granular leukocyte is polymorphonuclear?
neutrophils
What are the three types of granulocytes?
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
An O- person has what type of agglutinogens on their RBC and what type of agglutinins in their plasma?
none; a and b
Carbon monoxide competes for the binding sites on the hemoglobin molecule. What does it compete with?
oxygen
________ is a hemoglobin bound to oxygen
oxyhemoglobin
A decrease in the intrinsic factor from the stomach or a decrease in vitamin B-12 could result in ____________
pernicious anemia
Factor 9 is called _____
plasma thromboplastin component (PTC) or Christmas factor
What is a common chemical that is formed and used to dissolve clots?
plasmin
Glass is rough enough to activate _______, which release PF-3, thus activating factor ______.
platelets; 12
Hemoglobin is made of four __________ that each contain a heme molecule.
polypeptide chains
Rh is the abbreviation that is in reference to ________ blood
positive
Factor 5 is called ________
proaccelerin
Factor 7 is called ________
proconvertin
Some cells of the body produce ______ to generate the inflammatory process.
prostaglandins
Factor 2 is called ____
prothrombin
Is it safe or unsafe to donate type AB PLASMA to a type O patient?
safe
Is it safe or unsafe to donate type O PACKED CELLS to a type A patient?
safe
________ occurs when beta chains are mutated
sickle-cell anemia
What chemical binds to calcium ions thereby preventing the ions from being a part of the clotting mechanism?
sodium citrate
Which of the following would indicated the patient has an allergy to a fungus? -their neutrophils are low and their monocytes are high -their monocytes and eosinophils are high -their monocytes are high and basophils are low -their lymphocytes and eosinophils are high
their monocytes and eosinophils are high
Platelets stick to a wounded area thus forming a platelet plug. What chemical ensures the platelets will be sticky enough to create a plug?
thromboxane A2
Aspirin inhibits COX 1, thereby decreasing the formation of _________, ultimately _____ (increasing/decreasing) the stickiness of the platelets.
thromboxane A2; decreasing
Some lymphocytes can turn into special cells called T cells. What hormone is involved in converting some lymphocytes to T cells?
thymosin
Factor 3 is called _______
tissue thromboplastin
Is it safe or unsafe to donate type A PACKED CELLS to a type O patient?
unsafe
Is it safe or unsafe to donate type A PLASMA to a type AB patient?
unsafe
Is it safe or unsafe to donate type O WHOLE BLOOD to a type A patient?
unsafe
Is it safe or unsafe to donate type O WHOLE BLOOD to a type AB patient?
unsafe
If all the leukocytes were normal for a patient except for having an elevated lymphocyte count, the patient probably has a __________
viral infection
The continuous use of wide-spectrum antibiotics will kill the bacteria that produce ___________, which is necessary for the formation of some of the blood clotting factors.
vitamin k
Much of the vitamin K used to make some clotting factors is derived from the ____ products of bacteria that live in our _______ intestine.
waste; large
_______________ (wide/narrow)- spectrum antibiotics can kill the bacteria that live in our large intestine.
wide
