exam 3 social psychology

If you are in an emergency situation and need help, which of the following statements to a bystander is most likely to get you the help you will need?

"you in the red sweater-call 911!"

Bond feels uncomfortable being emotionally close to other people. He tends to distrust others, and getting close to other people makes him nervous. Which kind of attachment style is Bond's experience most like?

Avoidant attachment style

Carolyn believes that she is worthy and well liked. According to attachment theorists, what is the most likely reason for this?

Carolyn had a secure attachment with her mother

____ theory holds that people are happiest in their relationships when their rewards and costs are comparable to the rewards and costs of their partners

Equity

Jack and Diane have been dating and living together for 2 years. Jack always puts Diane's needs before his own, is very supportive of Diane, and devotes a great deal of time and energy to the relationship. Diane ,on the other hand, focuses on her own needs and problems and does not exert a great deal of effort when it comes to the relationship. According to equity theorists,

Jack should feel underbenefited and upset about the nature of the relationship and Diane should feel over benefited and guilty

Liam is in a lousy mood because he failed to get the promotion he was hoping for at work. When he gets home, his roommate Charlie asks for a ride to the grocery store. Liam willingly agrees to this favor. Which of the following concepts explains why Liam is particularly likely to help his roommate now that he is feeling bad?

Negative state relief model

Which of the following statements about "groupthink" is false?

Normative influence is more important than informational influence in creating a groupthink.

Which of the following is most accurate regarding the human need for affiliation?

People are motivated to maintain an optimum balance of time alone and social contact.

Which of the following WOULD NOT restore balance to Romeo and Juliet's relationship?

Romeo can rationalize his dislike for Juliet's family

Which of the following is consistent with the mere exposure effect?

The more we see someone, the greater the attraction

In general, marital satisfaction in copules tends to decline over time. In lecture, I described one factor about this decline that best predicts divorce. What was it?

The steeper the initial decline (from year 1 to 2), the greater likelihood of divorce.

Two people are placed in a room and are provoked to behave aggressively toward one another. Which of the following is most likely to happen if there is a weapon in the room?

There is a greater likelihood that they will behave aggressively toward one another than if there was no weapon.

What advice about helping is implied by the Latane and Darley stage model of helping behavior?

When you need help, make your need clear and obvious to others.

You and your romantic partner have a communal relationship. One day, you give your partner a ride to the airport and he/she pays you 25 dollars for the favor. Based on the "social norms" approach to relationships, how are you likely to respond?

You should be upset because in communal relationships, we don't expect repayment for favors.

You are doing a crossword puzzle with your romantic partner. According to research on communal vs. exchange relationships, how are you likely to approach this task?

You will probably both use the same color pen to write in answers.

the bystander effect refers to the tendency for

a greater number of bystanders to reduce the probability that a victim will receive help

Research on the link between media violence and aggression suggests that

all forms of media violence appear to increase aggressive behavior

Deindividuation leads people to obey group norms. Support for this perspective was found in the study described in class in which participants wearing surgical scrubs or KKK like robes were given the opportunity to give electric shock to another person. What was they key finding in this study?

anonomyous participants delivered more shock when they wore KKK robes but less shock when they wore scrubs, relative to non-anonymous participants.

Jamie has a wild crush on Robbie, who she met riding the roller coaster at an amusement park. What might explain the intensity of Jamie's passion?

arousal faciliatiation

which os the following would be the most effective way for a person to secure help in an emergency situation?

ask a specific individual for help

Brian has had many girlfriends in his life, mostly because he feels unable to commit to any one person. As soon as a relationship begins to get serious, he feels trapped and puts up his barriers to his partner. His girlfriends always want him to make a bigger commitment than he is comfortable making. Brian's attachment style is best described as

avoidant

In lecture we discussed a study by Cohen and colleagues about "culture of honor". In this study a confederate bumped into and insulted a participant in a narrow hallway. Their findings indicated that in the insult condition participants born in the US South were more likely than participants from the North to,

be closer to a later "chicken" confederate before moving out of the way

Which of the following is not a major predictor of attaction?

commitment

Herman and Flora have been married for 40 years. They still have a strong relationship and say they are each others best friends. Their relationship seems to be an example of what Sternberg and others consider

companionate love

Terri and Rob have been married for 27 years. Their relationship includes intimacy, passion and commitment at high levels. According to stern berg's triangular theory of love, Terri and Rob have

companionate love

Nikki, who watches a lot of violent television shows as well as horror movies, thinks that her neighborhood is much more violent than it really is. Her overestimate is likely to be due to

cultivation

Betty, an anti-war activist, is mad at the President for leading the country to war. Because she can't go straight to the source of her frustration, she takes out her aggression on her next-door neighbor, Wilma, instead. This situation sounds most like an example of

displacement

Which of the following was NOT described in lecture as a fact about attraction?

emotional connection matters

Jim offers Jan a ride to work because her car is in the shop today. Jim also knows his car will have to go into the shop sometime next week, and he'll be needing a ride. What type of relationship do Jim and Jan seem to have?

exchange

What is mere exposure effect?

exposure to a stimulus that leads to increasingly positive evaluations of the stimulus. repeated exposure to a person can lead to see that person as more attractive

After a two week whirlwind romance, Barbie and Ken fly to Vegas to marry. In the framework on the triangular theory of love, Barbie and Ken's love would be categorized as

fatuous

Ariana notices that her neighbors house is on fire. According to the arousal: cost-reward model, her initial reaction should be

feelings of personal distress

Mel is a research participant. She is asked to assign two tasks- one desirable and one less desirable- to herself and a lab partner. The experimenter provides Mel with a coin she can flip to make her decision, but explains that the ultimate decision about task assignment is up to her. Mel like many others believed that flipping the coin to make the decision is a fair thing to do. If Mel is demonstrating hyposcrisy it is most likely she will

flip the coin but only follow the outcome if the coin is in her favor. if the coin toss is in her favor she will keep the more desirable task. If the coin toss is not in her favor she will justify a reason for not giving herself the less desirable task and instead give the less desirable task to her partner.

According to the social norm approach to relationships, what predicts relationship satisfaction?

following relationship rules

In a variation of Asch's classic line-judging experiment, two of three confederates chose an incorrect answer before the subject could respond, and a third confederate sometimes chose a correct response and sometimes chose a more incorrect response. Under these conditions, participants were more likely to chose the correct response. These results suggest

group pressure to conform is uniform and universal.

Aggression is associated with

high levels of testosterone and low levels of seratonin

Darley and Batson (1973) found that the helping behavior of seminary students was best predicted by

how much time they had

Victor goes to a fancy french restaurant. There are utensils on the table that he's never seen before. Eager to dine in an appropriate way, Victor secretly watches other diners to see what they do. This is an example of:

informational influence

Sternberg's triangular theory of love posits that 3 components distinguish different kinds of love

intimacy, passion and commitment

Research investigating the relationship between alcohol and aggression has shown that

intoxicated people are likely to base their aggressive responses on immediate, salient information about a situation and fail to recognize later, subtle cues.

Janelle is the leader of a cohesive "knowledge masters" group that is preparing to compete against teams from other colleges. To prevent groupthink and ensure that her group is successful, she should:

invite experts who are not members of the group to attend practice sessions and provide critical feedback.

Jeffrey jumps into the water after his sister to save her from drowning. According to evolutionary theory, Jeffrey's helping behavior is best attributed to

kin selection

Although Barbara's relationship with James provides relatively few rewards compared to the costs, Barbara has come to expect that most relationships are difficult and costly. Thus, because Barbara holds a _____, she is likely to remain in her relationship with James.

low comparison level for alternatives

The primary distinction between altruistic and egoistic helping concerns the

motivations of the helper

You are very disastisfied with your current relationships and want to develop new ones. One strategy is to take advantage of the proximity effect by,

moving to a new situation or locale.

According to Berkowitz revision of frustration-aggression theory, aggression is a response to

negative emotions

the empathy altruism model suggests that when escape from a situation is easy, people will

offer help only when they have empathetic concern

When community service work is required by a school or business, there is the downside risk that people will infer they are volunteering only because it is required and will be less likely to freely volunteer in the future. This risk is known as the:

overjustification effect

The crucial variable that explains the effects of propinquity, similarity, and reciprocal liking may be

people's preference for the familiar.

According to research reviewed in your textbook, the effects of proximity, similarity, and reciprocal liking can all be understood as a consequence of

people's preference of the familiar.

According to the evolutionary perspective on aggression, women are more likely than men to use relational aggression because women

place more of a value on their own physical bodies for bearing offspring and therefore avoid risky behaviors

According to the investment model of relationships,

predictors of commitment include investments, satisfaction, and the availability of alternatives

Based on research described in class, what is likely to happen if 8 anonymous strangers were brought together into a darkened room (compared to when these strangers met in a normally lighted room?) The deindividuating conditions are likely to:

reduce peoples inhibitions, such that all sorts of deviant behaviors occur.

According to the investment model of relationships, commitment to a relationship is best predicted by 3 factors:

satisfaction, investments and the alternatives available

Charles plays a lot of violent video games. The concept of desensitization suggests that he would

show muted symptoms of arousal when shown a violent film clip as compared to someone who did not play violent video games.

According to your textbook and lecture, the single best predictor of whether two people will get together is,

similarity

Similarity leads to attraction for all of the following except

similarity implies physical attractiveness, which leads to attraction

According to your text, the greatest amount of research on attraction supports the notion of ____ over the notion of _____

similarity, complementarity

The concept of catharsis has been undermined by findings suggesting that engaging in or witnessing aggression often,

slowly weakens restraints against aggression

Ira believes that aggression is an acquired tendency picked up by observing others and by experience with rewards and punishments. Ira's beliefs are most consist with

social learning theory

According to Rusbult's investment model of relationships,

some women stay in abusive relationships because they have a high investment in the relationship and they have poor alternatives.

Festinger's (1950) research of college student housing found that

students were more likely to become friends with people who lived nearby than those lived far away

Someone who argues that attraction is a function of wanting to have healthy offspring probably endorses

the approach of evolutionary psychology

Scott and Beth grew up in the same small town. They attended the same school and college, where they took many of the same classes. At first, they were not particularly interested in each other romantically, but over time, they became increasingly attracted to each other and eventually married. This is best explained by ___

the mere exposure effect

The idea that we sometimes engage in helping behaviors to reduce negative emotions that we might be experiencing from any cause is known as

the negative state relief model

Bruce and Pam have just started dating. According to social exchange theory, their relationship is likely to last longer and be more satisfying is they each feel that

the rewards gained from the relationship are greater than the costs of maintaining the relationship.

The prisoner's dilemma game is an excellent vehicle for studying social conflicts in the lab because

the rules of the game pit self-interest against looking out for someone else interest.

People tend to help more in all of the following situations except when

the victim is seen as responsible for his or her predicament

Ben and Jerry are co-workers in an exchange relationship. What will determine whether Ben agrees to lend him $20?

whether ben believes that jerry will pay him back

According to social exchange theory, we will be most likely to help others

who have already helped us.