Exam 3
Your best advice to a friend who is experiencing severe depression would be:
"Try combining cognitive therapy with drug therapy."
Which is true about alcohol use and suicide?
All statements are true
The experience of a lack of desire to engage in sexual activity with one's spouse would be considered a(n) ______ symptom of depression.
motivational
Recent research indicates that behavioral therapy is the treatment of choice:
over placebo treatment.
Depression is more common in women because they experience more taxing life situations, such as poverty and menial jobs, than men. This is the:
quality-of-life theory.
Behavioral therapists treating an hysterical disorder would be most likely to focus on:
reducing the rewards available for displaying the disorder.
Second messengers are:
related to the action of lithium on neurotransmitters.
Which of the following people would be at greatest risk of suicide?
someone who had been in poor health for years and is now terminal
To receive a diagnosis of dysthymic disorder, an individual must have experienced symptoms for at least:
two years
Arron's persistent feelings of sadness and impending doom dominate his life. Every time he says anything even a little positive to his therapist, the therapist smiles. Otherwise the therapist has a stone face. This therapist is probably using some variation of:
behavioral therapy.
The strongest evidence for the cause of bipolar disorders best supports which theoretical perspective?
biological
The most common cognitive description of someone exhibiting mania is that the person is:
excessively optimistic, with poor judgment.
Which one of the following is a likely reason for using adjunctive psychotherapy to treat bipolar disorder?
People stop taking lithium because they feel more productive and creative without it.
Which of the following statements is most accurate about the relationship between religion and suicide?
The degree of one's devoutness is a more important predictor of suicide than one's specific religion.
A cognitive theorist would be most likely to say which of the following about hysterical disorders?
The patient is otherwise unable to communicate difficult emotions.
Why do many people feel that estimates of the rates of suicide are inaccurate?
The stigma associated with suicide make people hesitate to report it.
What is a parasuicide?
a failed attempt to commit suicide
Which of the following would provide the best evidence for the cognitive explanation for depression?
a finding that people show negative thoughts before they became depressed
If a biochemical imbalance were the cause of a person's depression, the latest research would lead us to expect that person to have:
an abnormality in the activity of certain neurotransmitters, especially serotonin and norepinephrine.
A person displaying sadness, lack of energy, headaches, and feelings of low self-worth is showing all of the following symptoms except ______ symptoms.
behavioral
Every time Miguel had a headache, his mother let him miss school. Now, as an adult, his headaches have become more frequent. His head pounds any time he is required to do something he would rather not. This is a ______ explanation of conversion symptoms.
behavioral
People who talk rapidly, dress flamboyantly, and get involved in dangerous activities are showing ______ symptoms of mania.
behavioral
A key to preventing relapse of unipolar depression appears to be:
continue the therapy, no matter its type, after the symptoms have gone.
Just before debuting at Carnegie Hall, the pianist suffered paralysis of the left hand. Which of the following is the best diagnosis for this disorder?
conversion disorder
Behaviorists explain the downward spiral of depression by theorizing that:
depressed behavior leads to even fewer opportunities for social rewards.
The effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy for unipolar depression is limited because:
depressed patients may not have the energy to engage in a verbal approach that depends on the development of insight.
There has been a significant increase in the number of physicians prescribing antidepressants in the past few decades:
despite the success of cognitive therapy.
Which of the following aspects of religion is most closely linked to suicide?
devoutness
Darius thinks that his poor performance in math was due to a bad teacher, but he believes that he is good in language-based subjects. He is sure that he will do better next year. This is an example of ______ attribution.
external, specific, and unstable
Biochemical explanations for bipolar disorder center on all of the following except:
hormonal functioning.
A key factor distinguishing between hypochondriasis and somatization disorder is that:
hypochondriasis involves minor ailments overshadowed by high anxiety, and somatization disorder involves significant symptoms that overshadow anxiety.
Clients who tend to see everything that occurs as either all right or all wrong, with nothing in between, need to focus on which phase of Beck's treatment for depression?
identifying negative thinking and biases
All of the following about lithium as a treatment for bipolar disorder are true, except that it:
interferes with the effectiveness of antidepressant medications
A woman who was frequently but unpredictably beaten by her husband was finally taken to a shelter by the police. While there she did not take advantage of educational and job training opportunities. How would cognitive theorists explain her behavior?
learned helplessness
Cognitive theorists explain depression in terms of a person's:
negative interpretation of events.
A behavioral therapist is most likely to use which of the following in treating a patient with unipolar depression?
praise for engaging in positive activities
Which one of the following is most consistent with a contingency management approach?
praising the person for engaging in nondepressed activities
A woman who is particularly threatened by any display of anger becomes unable to speak when she is most angry with her husband, thereby keeping the anger out of her awareness. According to psychodynamic theorists, she is achieving ______ from her illness.
primary gain
If I'm in a depressed mood and all I do is think about my mood, without trying to change it, I'm making what kind of response?
ruminative
The mood and thoughts of suicidal people are most often characterized as:
sad and hopeless.
Madeline appeared at the clinic complaining of pain in her knee, shoulder, and abdomen, nausea and vomiting, blurred vision, and exhaustion. The patient history revealed that she had been going to clinics for years trying to get treatment for these complaints and a host of other physical symptoms. The diagnostic consensus was that Madeline suffered from:
somatization disorder
The patient had several surgeries over the years for vague and nonspecific sexual reproductive problems, visiting many of the best hospitals in the East during the course of treatment. The best diagnosis for this disorder is:
somatization disorder
Who of the following is most at risk for suicide?
someone who is depressed and dependent on alcohol
Munchausen syndrome by proxy is most likely to adversely affect the physical well-being of:
the child of the person experiencing it.
Which of these statements would not reflect a part of the cognitive triad?
Everyone is out to get me.
Which of the following is true about research on the effectiveness of cognitive therapy for treating unipolar depression?
Hundreds of studies show its effectiveness.
Of the following, the treatment that is the most effective with different types of depression is:
cognitive therapy.
The best treatment recommendation you could give someone experiencing bipolar disorder is:
drug therapy, perhaps accompanied by psychotherapy.
Some so-called second-generation antidepressants appear to act by:
electively blocking the re-uptake of serotonin.
Freud believed that conversion and somatoform symptoms:
enabled people to avoid unpleasant activities.
Bipolar disorders have recently been linked to:
improper sodium transport.