exam 4 - 11, 12, 13, 15,

Year after​ year, Hal has rated Bob and​ Jim's performance at a higher level than Sue and Tina. But by all​ accounts, Bob,​ Jim, Sue, and Tina have all made about the same number of sales and brought in the same amount of revenue each year. Some people say the ratings reflect​ Hal's thoughts about men being in his sales department. This would reflect which perceptual​ shortcut?

"like me" effect

Dr. Weiss is a research scientist with a major pharmaceutical company. In his position he has great flexibility in determining his research projects but he is expected to work toward certain organizational goals. He has presented five technical papers to his national professional group and received high praise for his work. According to the​ path-goal theory, Dr. Weiss would respond best to​ a(n) ________ leadership style.

Achievement-oriented

During an economic downturn when businesses must cut expenses, managers must be creative in motivating employees. Which one of the following would most likely motivate surviving employees to sustain their effort following a layoff of their fellow employees?

Asking employees for their input on important issues

Trust is defined as which of the​ following?

Belief in the​ leader's integrity,​ character, and ability

Marcus is really concerned that his team is falling behind in reaching their goals. Often when he is participating in a​ manager's meeting, he will ask his counterparts how their teams are doing. This is one way that Marcus can do which of the​ following?

Benchmarking

At CH2MHill, critical tasks are completed by a project team. Based on the relatively flat structure of the organization, the leader selected might not necessarily be higher in rank than the team members he or she leads. Anderson suggests that there are times leaders should offer encouragement and then ask the team members about their tasks and what hurdles they might be facing to accomplish them. All members of the group should be asked for their input based on their tasks. According to the University of Iowa studies, how would this leadership style be described?

Democratic

Which of the following countries is more likely to use direct supervision and a centralized decision making​ system, rather than​ technology, to help control employee​ behavior?

Ethiopia

Annie is working in an organization where her paycheck reflects how many hours she has worked with each paying client. For​ her, this seems very fair and motivating. This type of​ pay-for-performance plan is best associated with which of the following motivation​ theories?

Expectancy theory

The staff at Zane's meets every Saturday morning before the store opens and discusses what went on during the week. If Chris Zane reprimanded an employee at this meeting about the way he/she had handled a customer request during the week, this would be an example of ________ control.

Feedback

Theories in leadership evolved from trait and behavior to include contingency models. What was the first comprehensive contingency​ model?

Fieldler contingency model

Lori is very excited to have some​ "new blood" on the team. She is looking for the new college grads to bring energy and ideas to the team. She is quickly learning these new employees are​ pre-occupied with the technology and always trying to figure out how to leverage the apps in their work. More than likely Lori has hired new employees who represent which​ generation?

GEN Y

Based on the fact that Anderson, Planning Project Manager at CH2MHill, said there were times when leaders need to be encouraging, and times when leaders need to make specific assignments and follow-through, which of the following dimensions of leader behavior most accurately depicts Anderson's views on leadership?

High in initiating structure - High in consideration

Which one of the following is an example of negative​ reinforcement?

If you and Cara can avoid getting into an argument for 90​ days, I will remove this disciplinary action from your record and no additional action will be taken.

____________ studied in the Ohio State research is similar to the __________ studied in the Michigan research.

Initiating structure; production orientation

The concept of trust is made up of​ integrity, competence,​ consistency, loyalty, and openness. Of the five​ dimensions, which one seems to be most critical when someone assesses​ another's trustworthiness?

Integrity

Anderson eludes to the fact that many project leaders need to allow team members to use their expertise and take ownership for their tasks. Using situational leadership theory (SLT), what style of leadership might be displayed at CH2MHill most often?

Low task/low relationship (delegating)

Which of the following early theories of leadership defined leader behavior as concern for people and concern for​ production? The theorists went so far as to label one of their styles of​ leadership, "country​ club."

Managerial grid

Doug Radi, VP of Marketing at Rudi's Organic Bakery, discussed motivation as being extrinsic and intrinsic. Which one of the following theories describes motivation as a set of lower-order needs that are satisfied predominantly externally, and a set of higher-order needs that are satisfied internally?

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Jason is excited to be starting his new job next month. He always felt his old company was not forthright with their decision making. It bothered him that he never understood how the CEO was using the​ company's finances to make hard decisions. At​ Jason's new​ company, though, the financial records are shared with everyone in the organization. He is excited to see how his effort will make an impact on the​ company's financial results. The new​ company's approach to finance can best be described as which of the​ following?

Open-book management

Michael is constantly pitching in and helping out when someone on the team needs​ help, even if it means staying late.​ Michael's behavior can best be described as which of the​ following?

Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)

Bobby is using the Situational Leadership theory to help him improve his leadership. Often he is looking at his​ follower's motivation and skill set. The theory would say Bobby is assessing which of the​ following?

Readiness

Rudi's Organic Bakery attracts people with a similar set of values and passion around healthy living. Employees who find themselves sharing values and building relationships with their colleagues are satisfying what level of need on Maslow's pyramid?

Social

At CH2MHill, Dan Anderson, Planning Project Manager, suggests that in a flat structure like theirs, at times project managers must motivate through encouragement. According to the path-goal theory, what style of leadership most directly aligns with this behavior?

Supportive

Chris Zane relies on his employees to take care of the customer in every situation. Even if Zane has to step in and reassure the customer in the process, he then hands the situation off to his employees to resolve the customer's issue. Which step of the control process does this describe?

Taking action

______________ is a strong motivator for contingent workers.

The prospect of permanent employment

"If you don't watch them like a hawk, they'll stop working, go sit in the air conditioning, send texts on their phones - do anything but work!" according to Stan, a supervisor of molders in an iron foundry. Stan agrees with

Theory X

Jim never could trust his team. He thought that every time he was out of the office they would be loafing off and not getting their work done. He also assumed that unless he watched them very​ carefully, the work they did do would be inadequate to reach the​ team's goals. Which of the following motivation theories best represents the way Jim might lead his​ team?

Theory X

Doug Radi, VP of Marketing at Rudi's Organic Bakery, spoke of allowing his digital marketing employees to work from any space the employees would like. Radi thought that a change of environment might increase the employees' creativity. Which of the following motivation theories would best describe Radi's feelings about his employees?

Theory Y

Roseanne is excellent at stimulating and inspiring her followers to achieve extraordinary outcomes by paying attention to their concerns and developmental​ needs, and helping them look at old problems in new ways. Which of the following would best describe​ Roseanne's leadership?

Transformational

Solomon uplifts the spirits of his​ employees, making them believe they can accomplish anything--and some have reached levels of performance they thought impossible. He has the lowest turnover of any department in his company. Solomon is a​ ___________ leader.

Transformational

Many of the early theories of leadership examined specific behaviors. Which of the following described leadership behavior in terms of autocratic styles and democratic​ styles?

University of Iowa

The ability to create and articulate a fascinating and credible picture of the future is a key characteristic of which of the following types of​ leaders?

Visionary

At the corporate level, Zane's uses formal surveys that ask the customers about their engagement in the process, whether they had a positive experience with Zane's Cycles, and if they were satisfied. What source of information does this represent?

Written/ statistical reports

Managers must ensure that goals are being met and procedures are being followed. To do this, they employ control systems. Control involves monitoring activities to ensure that they are being accomplished and correcting deviations. Which of the following is the BEST example of control?

Zane's takes the feedback from its formal and informal surveys and tweaks its service offerings to improve its relationship with customers.

Star workers and star athletes share a high need for​ ______________.

achievement

Brian feels very passionate about the new plan for the operations department. This is the first exciting thing that Brian has seen happen in his department. This represents which component of​ Brian's attitude?

affective

Pam loves her job. She starts her day every morning deciding on what the​ day's priorities will be and how she can get them done. There are very few constraints that Pam must deal with in her job. Which of the following job characteristics does this​ describe?

autonomy

If Mark wanted to see if he is meeting his financial​ goals, he could easily compare his actual spending to which of the​ following?

budget

People feel drawn to Collette as if by a magnet. She makes those around her feel indispensable to her​ "cause": a department that is the highest performing in the company. Her followers work hard to achieve their​ goals, knowing she will support them when they take calculated risks. Collette fits the description of​ a(n) _________ leader.

charismatic

Tanya was disappointed when she realized she would have to earn a​ Master's degree if she wanted to move up in the company. As a busy single mother of three​ school-aged children, there was simply no room for more college in her life. So Tanya decided to ignore the goal. In this​ instance, there is no​ _________.

commitment to the goal

At​ Que's Heavenly Hamburgers they have just introduced milk shakes as a side item. They make each milk shake by hand and it is very labor intensive. Que likes to see how they are selling and has asked all the counter people to put a sticker on the​ "Milk Shake​ Board" any time they sell a milk shake. With the stickers on the​ "Milk Shake​ Board," Que can see how many shakes they are selling at any time. This is an example of which of the​ following?

concurrent control

The one Big Five personality dimension most likely to predict success at work is​ __________.

conscientiousness

Jim is wondering whether his​ division's goals for the year are being accomplished. To determine to what degree goal completion is​ happening, Jim should use which of the following management​ functions?

control

The University of Iowa studies focused on the _______________.

democratic, autocratic, and laissez-faire styles of leadership

In his office Chris had posted his top three sales goals for this quarter. Every​ day, he would come in and be reminded of his goals. Each morning he would compare his current performance with his goals and get to​ work! Chris is displaying what element of​ motivation?

direction

Janet believes she is a highly motivated employee. She stays busy but doesn't seem to accomplish much. Her supervisor tells her she has trouble prioritizing her work. Janet may lack _________________.

direction

Dealing appropriately with negative workplace behavior is important because​ __________.

dissatisfied employees will find a way to​ respond, most likely in ways that are harmful to the organization

Linda has come into work late again. Her supervisor Dawn is getting tired of this behavior and needs to address this. Because Linda has made being late to everything a​ habit, Dawn is sure this is caused by nothing but​ Linda's poor attitude. Which factor of attribution theory is Dawn relying on to make this​ assessment?

distinctiveness

The common theme of the contingency theories is​ _________.

each seeks to define the best leadership style for different kinds of situations

The engineers at CH2MHill who work with clients must have strong social skills and empathy for their client. The personality construct that best captures this is which of the following?

emotional intelligence

When employees are connected​ to, satisfied​ with, and enthusiastic about their​ jobs, they show a high level of​ __________.

employee engagement

Mike has a huge report to work on at home this evening. On the way out of the​ office, he grabs a pack of copier paper to take home for his personal printer. That evening after completing his report and printing out a couple copies for the​ office, he also prints out a few recipes and an online student assignment for his 9th grade daughter. It is likely that Mike is participating in which of the​ following?

employee theft

For open-book management to be effective, _______________.

employees must be able to understand the company's financial statements

Jared eagerly agreed to edit the employee handbook but procrastinated until the evening before he was to submit his work. Then he skimmed the​ handbook, overlooking many errors and failing to evaluate each policy as he was instructed. Jared lacked​ ___________.

energy

the key elements of motivation are

energy, direction, and persistence

When the interviewer discovered Steve was a military​ veteran, his whole attitude toward him changed. He expected Steve would have a strong work​ ethic, be polite and​ respectful, be a leader in his work​ area, and have a positive effect on his​ co-workers. All this happened because the interviewer​ _______________.

engaged in stereotyping

Milton has written a technical paper that he will present at the national conference of his professional association. He expects to receive accolades for his work. Milton is working to satisfy his​ _________ needs.

esteem

In​ meetings, John has been known to raise his voice and use a tone that many on his team find offensive. In the​ past, this has gotten John attention and people stop to listen to his rant. Ross has now decided that this will not​ continue, and that the team will just ignore John when he speaks with such disrespect. This is an example of which of the​ following?

extinction

CH2MHill likes to see the personality trait of _______ in their engineers, giving them the ability to be more of a consultant as they interact with their client.

extraversion

Chris loves meeting people at work. Some say he has never met a stranger. This behavior has served him very well in his position as he has built a large network of support. This part of his personality may be best characterized by which of the​ following?

extraversion

Situational leadership theory focuses on the ___________ because ______________.

followers; they are the ones who accept or reject the leader

Rochester is the type of employee firms like. He never objects when asked to take on assignments outside his job description and will work overtime with little notice. Rochester displays​ __________.

good organizational citizenship behavior

The results of job redesign to incorporate​ Hackman's and​ Oldham's model are more strongly positive when the person in the job has a high need for​ ___________.

growth

Among the issues of concern regarding Gen Z employees is​ ____________.

having a purpose in their work

The definition of a leader is someone who can​ __________ others and who has authority.

influence

One of the ultimate goals of organizational behavior is to​ _______________.

influence how employees behave

The opportunity to lead a marketing project at Rudi's Organic Bakery would be considered a(n) ________ reward; a raise for doing a good job is a(n) ________ reward.

intrinsic; extrinsic

Alma draws her strength from within. She is​ introspective, reserved, prefers ideas to​ people, and often withdraws to a quiet place to recharge her energy. According to the MBTI Type​ Indicator, Alma is most likely​ a(n) _____________.

introvert

Organizations prefer to minimize turnover because​ ____________________.

it increases costs

The Michigan studies found that_______________

job satisfaction is higher when the leader developed relationship with employees and took care of their needs

​__________ is what leaders do.

leadership

Matt enjoys seeing for himself how things are going in his department. Often you can find Matt out in the area visiting his employees and listening to them talk about their work. Matt is using which control​ technique?

management by walking around

Tom Girard, Director of Retail Operations, indicates that he is able to keep "hands-on" with the staff, and he is always aware of how individual employees have performed and what skills they need to work on. This suggests that Girard practices ________.

management by walking around (MBWA)

According to Herzberg, ________ is/ are related to job satisfaction, while _______________ is/ are related to job dissatisfaction.

motivators; hygiene factors

Michael has been out of school for three years now and is being promoted for the fourth time. He has put in lots of time and energy to meet each of his goals on his career path. His friends refer to him as the​ over-achiever! Which of the following needs would best describe​ Michael?

nAch

The digital marketing employee at Rudi's Organic Bakery is a young employee with a strong drive to "make it" in this industry. This employee could best be described as being high on which of the following scales?

need for achievement

Joanne loves trying new things. She is wonderful at experimenting with new​ technology, coming up with creative​ ideas, and working on the design table. This part of her personality may best be described by which of the​ following?

openness to experience

When working with clients, CH2MHill encourages their engineers to operate as consultants. This would require their engineers to have some creativity, imagination, and intellect. Which of the following personality traits best characterizes this behavior?

openness to experience

B. Dillon is a company that is trying to grow from a culture focused on sales to a culture that is focused on customer relations. This represents which of the following OB focus​ areas?

organizatinoal

Yohnna had been told no several times and by several people as she was working to accomplish her goal. But no matter how many​ no's she​ heard, she would not give up until the goal was accomplished. Yohnna is displaying what element of​ motivation?

persistence

Delta described her​ co-worker as​ friendly, open, and​ gregarious, but subject to mood swings. Delta was talking about her​ co-worker's ___________.

personality

When CH2MHill describes a person as extraverted, they are actually describing a person's __________.

personality

A leader with strong position power who is​ relationship-oriented will be most effective when​ leader-member relations are​ _____________ and task structure is​ ___________.

poor; high

In much the same way we can train dogs and children with treats for good​ behavior, managers can use​ __________ to help shape the behavior of employees.

positive reinforcement

motivation is an

process

In the Michigan studies, the behaviors of interest were __________ and ______________.

production oriented, employee oriented

Managers put control systems in place for various reasons. Which of the following reasons would address workplace violence and security​ breaches?

protecting the workplace

Using situational leadership, before project managers at CH2MHill can delegate responsibilities to team members, the leaders should first gauge their __________.

readiness

Perhaps the best way that managers can manage negative behavior in the workplace is which of the​ following?

recognize it's there

Gen Y workers expect their managers to​ ______________.

respect their desire for​ work/life balance

The Army's motto of "Be All That You Can Be" is an example of _______________.

self-actualization

In the sales department Hal is constantly trying to bring in the highest revenue each quarter. Hal fully believes he can do​ this, no matter the hurdles. He continues to stay focused on the goal and puts in all his effort. Which of the following​ goal-performance contingencies is Hal​ leveraging?

self-efficacy

Roger, who is a lead engineer for CH2MHill, has a high expectation for success, doesn't really care what others think, and is satisfied with his job. The personality trait that best describes Roger is which of the following?

self-esteem

On-the-job training is a good example of​ __________.

social learning

Emotional intelligence is​ ____________.

the ability to understand​ one's own emotions and to read​ others' emotions, and to adjust​ one's actions accordingly

Americans expect that their pay and other rewards should reflect their efforts and performance. Employees in socialist countries believe their pay and rewards should also consider_______________.

their individual needs

Before the Ohio and Michigan​ studies, researchers​ believed___________.

there was one right way to lead; all other ways were wrong

Larry thanks his subordinates every day for coming to work and giving their best. He makes sure they have the tools and materials they​ need, when they need them. He offers words of encouragement and takes an interest in each worker personally as well as professionally. He does what he can to make the work interesting and challenging. Larry knows that​ _____________.

these actions contribute to job satisfaction and satisfied workers are more productive

skill variety, task identity, task significance contribute to the perception that the ________________.

work is meaningful

Culver keeps track of every wrong done to him at work and finds ways to get​ even, regardless of how long it might take. He has deleted important files from the​ intranet, altered research​ data, and intentionally annoyed​ co-workers. Culver is engaging in​ _____________.

work misbehavior