Exam 4
Moderation Management views___________as success
Moderate Use
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicate that every day people in the U.S. die in car crashes involving alcohol.
30
For those over 18 years of age, the___________population experiences nearly three times more average distress than Anglo Americans.
American Indian and Alaskan Native
What term was developed by the U.S. Government as a catchall term for the census that covers people from over 30 different countries.
Hispanics
Reinforcing feedback to promote change in the system is_________ and _____________brings the system back into balance.
Positive feedback, negative feedback.
Relapse can be seen as: a) An event and a process b) a process c) none of these
a
Protective factors that may prevent initial and continued use of substances for women include all of the following EXCEPT: a) Spiritual presence b) Support from friends c) Spousal or partner support d) Parental warmth
b
According to the text, the majority of programs for exercise addiction: a) All of these b) Are a group in nature c) Operate on the 12 step principles d) Use cognitive behavioral counseling
c
Awareness of the social milieu is associated with what group? a) Anglos b) African Americans c) Asian Americans d) American Indian/Alaskan Natives
c
History of divorce is positively associated with__________drug use.
illicit
________________have the highest suicide rate of any age group.
older adults
To determine whether a strategy is effective, ___________ should be conducted to evaluate the impact
outcome studies
Estimates from large national surveys show that about___% of Americans had a severe gambling disorder at some time in their lives.
.5%
In one study of 80 women enrolled in a treatment program, _____ reported having been raped and _______reported.
74%, 80%
According to MTF, _____________remains the most commonly used substance by adolsescents: a) Alcohol b) Inhalants c) Cigarettes d) Marijuana
a
In one study of 80 women enrolled in a treatment program_______, reported having been raped and_____ reported having been physically assaulted.
74%; 80%
What is a maladaptive predisposition toward rapid reactions, reduced motor or response inhibition automatic response to urges and impulses, delay aversion, insensitivity to delayed rewards, and lack of reflection when making decisions?
Impulsivity
Which model attempted to present factual information about students social environments, creating a more realistic picture of social norms as they actually exist and reducing the "everybody does it" belief and pro-drug attitude?
Normative education
The primary learning principle in social behavior is___________ _____________.
Operant conditioning
Assisting students in deciding what was important to reaching their goals is known as what? a) Values clarification b) Skills c) Affective education d) Teaching alternatives
a
Exercise addiction includes: a) all of these b)the components of salience, mood modification and tolerance c) the involvement of an inadequate pattern of exercise that leads to significant negative results d) the components of withdrawal, personal conflict, and relapse
a
Gambling disorder has been shown to be associated with high rates of: a) Both of these b) Debt c) Suicidal ideation and attempts
a
Internet Addiction Disorder is highest in: a) Asian countries b) South American countries c) North American countries d) European countries
a
Previously pathological gambling was considered: a) An impulsive-control disorder b) An obsessive control disorder c) A compulsive disorder d) An uncontrollable action, but not a mental health disorder
a
Recovery is characterized by all but one of the following: a) an event in the recovering individual's life b) changes in familial and spiritual areas of functioning c) change in physical, psychological, and social functioning d) the abstinence from mind-altering chemicals or nonproductive compulsive behaviors
a
Regarding substance abuse by women, compared to men: a) all of these b) Female alcoholics have a higher mortality risk c) Women with substance abuse problems are more likely to suffer affective disorders d)Female alcoholics experience severed organic damage at a more rapid rate.
a
Some important intrapersonal factors in the recovery process are_________________. a) all of these b) Motivational toward positive behavior and change toward use of the substance. c) self-efficacy and outcome expectancies d) outcome expectancies and craving
a
The Multidimensional Family Therapy program: a) all of these b) is solution focused c) focuses on adolescent use d) Strives to provide immediate practical outcomes that affect all aspects of the family's life
a
The cornerstone of the AA model is the belief that: a) to gain control of one's life one must give up control to a higher power. b) to gain control of one's life one must take control by a series of action steps. c) Drinking is on a continuum and the closer to the highest level the more likely one will be motivated to follow 12 steps. d) To gain control one must hit bottom and begin recovery
a
The following is accurate in regard to the elderly: a) Water in the body decreases as we age, and coupled with alcohol intake, creates severe problems b) Social support systems and work-related activities are less risk factors for today's elderly c) Fortunately most of the diseases of the elderly do not predispose the to substance use d) The medical system addresses the specific needs of the elderly population in today's society
a
The framework of family therapy/system theory included the following concepts except: a) reductionism b) hierarchy c) change d) feedback loops
a
The hierarchy of the Asian family is based on cultural tradition and religious philosophy. Which of the following hierarchies best describes a traditional Asian American family? a) father, eldest son, mother, other siblings b) father, eldest son, other siblings, mother c) father, mother, eldest song, other siblings d) father, mother, eldest son, other siblings
a
The presence of_____________is a significant factor to consider when assessing whether an individual is addicted a)consequences b) rewards c) advantages d) Improvement
a
Treatment programs for children and adolescents should contain all of the following elements EXCEPT: a) Parents should not be involved in the youths' drug use treatment as the relationship is usually already troubled. b) Services should address all aspects of youths' lives: school, home, public activities. c) Treatment programs should build a climate of trust and should address the distinct needs of youths based on gender and ethnicity. d) Staff should be well trained in adolescent development, comorbidity issues, and substance use.
a
What term was developed by the U.S. Government as a catchall term for the census that covers people from over 30 countries? a) Hispanics b) Illegal Immigrants c) Aliens D) Europeans
a
Which levels of prevention for particular population are associated with the public health model? a) Primary, secondary, and tertiary b) Primary tertiary, and advanced c) Early, secondary, and general d) Early, secondary, and advanced
a
Yalmon and Leszcz described____________as "an unwritten code of behavioral rules...that will guide the interaction of the group." a) norms b) roles c) rules d) subsystems
a
the following strong emotions have been identified as playing an important role in the recovery process: a) guilt and shame b) fear and shame c) anger and sadness d) anger and guilt
a
Family week in substance abuse treatment is usually to____________ a) to take appropriate responsibility and establish appropriate boundaries. b) all of these c) focus on immediate stressors d) practice communicating honestly and express feelings.
b
In creating sensitive treatment programs for women, helping professionals need to understand women's issues. Which of the following is NOT one of those issues? a) Parenting b) level of education c) Housing income/financial support d) Grief and loss
b
In most treatment approaches for behavior addiction, individuals are encouraged to: a) Identifying use patterns b) All of these c) Identify lifestyle changes to reinforce healthy behavior d) Learn how to avoid or cope with triggers and high-risk situations
b
Lack of__________ can contribute to negative emotions that increase the risk of returning to old behaviors: a) inspiration b) all of these c) joy d) hope
b
Previously pathological gambling was considered: a) An uncontrollable action, but not a mental health disorder b) An impulsive control disorder c) An obsessive control disorder d) A compulsive disorder
b
Recovery affects the individual's: a) behavior b) all of these c) relationships d) affect
b
Rules of behavior or values that influence a person's attitudes and actions, which set limits or guidelines as framework for ATOD use/abuse are called: a) social influences b) norms c) Social factors d) attitudes
b
Some important intrapersonal factors in the recovery process are____________________. a) Outcome expectancies and craving b) All of these c) Self-efficacy and outcome expectancies d) Motivation toward positive behavior change and toward use of the substance.
b
Statistics about substance-abusing families show: a) that structure and dynamics are less significant b) that substance use increases other dysfunctional patterns of behavior in families such as domestic violence. c) that 50% of mothers were pathologically enmeshed with their substance-abusing child d) that the family influences the substance abuser, but the substance abuser seldom influences the family over time
b
Steve is open about being gay. He has experienced discrimination in the workplace and social situations. He is committed to becoming actively and openly involved in the gay rights movement. he has recently joined a gay activist group fighting for protective legislation. According to the Cass Model of Homosexual Identity Formation, which of the following stages best describes the Steve? a) Identity Sythesis b) Identity pride c) Identity tolerance d) Identity acceptance
b
The components of _______________ interact to contribute to a high-risk situation for relapse. a) nature and nurture b) environmental, intrapersonal, and intrapersonal c) all of these d) family, friends and social situations
b
What permits group members to share their experiences of shame and guild in a safe, accepting environment? a) power b) catharsis c) decatharsis d) control
b
Which of the following factors help explain the etiology of problem substance use in LGBT individuals? a) Health Issues b) All of these c) Families of origin d) Cultural and legal issues
b
Which of the following is not among newer models seen in the 1970s and 1980s, following the knowledge-attitudes-behavior approach: a) Values clarification b) moderation management c) alternatives to drug use d) affective education
b
Which of the following statements about codependency is not true? a) codependency is a controversial topic b) codependency is defined as anything that is done to protect the abuser from the consequences of his or her behaviors. c) Overinvolvement, reactivity, protection, and attempts to control the abuser are common d) The person closest to the abuser and the first to react dysfunctionally is often the codependent
b
Which permits group members to share their experiences of shame and guilt in a safe, accepting environment? a) decatharsis b) catharsis c) control d) power
b
_________________is defined not only as abstinence from mind-altering chemicals or nonproductive compulsive behaviors but also as changes in physical, psychological, social, familial, and spiritual areas of functioning: a) self-discipline b) recovery c) maintenance d) relapse
b
_______________comprises immediate, situational behavioral/cognitive coping, affective states, and perceived effects of substance use. a) stage response b) Phasic response c) Ongoing process d) Tonic process
b
the components of________________interact to contribute to a high-risk situation for relapse. a) all of these b) Environmental, intrapersonal, and interpersonal c) nature and nurture d) family, friends and social situations
b
All are examples of counseling groups EXCEPT: a) psychotherapy b) psychoeducational c) alcoholics anonymous d) open and closed
c
Among African Americans there is a strong reliance on what entity for support and encouragement? a) mother, father, eldest son, other siblings b) community mental health centers c) religious values and the church d) spiritual leaders
c
Factors that impact parental chemical dependence on children include: a) age of the child during the period of active use b) length of time the parent has been actively using c) all of these d) sex of abusing parent and sex of the child
c
Generally speaking, if a client is a minority member in a heterogeneous group, the group leader must be sensitive to this and maintain a)_________________approach to foster seeing each client as an individual and as the expert on him or herself a) change b) hierarchal c) person-cenetered d) object relations
c
Group counseling can provide: a) opportunities for clients to learn information about substance use and addiction b) the giving and receiving social support c) all of these d) Opportunities for clients to learn social and coping skills needed to reduce risk of relapse
c
Immigrant families, especially in Hispanic cultures, tend to develop a family struggle in which younger members struggle for_______ and the older family members struggle for____________. a) dependence; self-control b) self-control; dependence c) autonomy; connectedness d) connectedness; autonomy
c
In the second phase of MI, _____________the clients and leader establish a clear direction for their work together. a) planning b) evoking c) focusing d) engaging
c
The method of MI consists of four overlapping phases: a) engaging, storming, evoking, and performing b) forming, focusing, norming, and planning c) engaging, focusing, evoking, and planning d) forming, storming, norming, and performing
c
The reason for exclusion of sexual addiction in the DSM-5 and the current DSM-5 include: a) Lack of empirical research b) Lack of consensus-based diagnostic criteria c) All of these d) Lack of consensus on the basic tenets of normal sexual behavior
c
The_____________influence how the individual creates and makes sense of his or her world and the role of ATOD plays in one's life. a) Universal identity b) Group identity c) All of these d) Individual Identity
c
Treatment programs for addictive families often: a) Compartmentalize individual and family therapy b) Do not have clinicians who are trained in family systems theory c) all of these d) Are dictated by the politics and finances of managed care for substance abuse treatment
c
Treatment programs for children and adolescents should contain all of the following elements EXCEPT: a) Treatment programs should build a climate of trust and should address the distinct needs of youths based on gender and ethnicity b) Staff should be well trained in adolescent development comorbidity issues and substance use c) Parents should not be involved in the youths' drug use the treatment as the relationship is usually already troubled. d) Services should address all aspects of youths; lives, school, home, public, activities.
c
Which of the following is not true about the cognitive-behavioral/social learning model of recovery? a) it stresses the importance of self-efficacy b) it uses drive-reduction theory c) it uses insight theory d) it is based on social learning theory
c
Which of the following terms refers to the demands of integrating into and identifying with the dominant culture? a) Acquisitional stress b)Assimilation stress c)Acculturative stress d)Deculturative stress
c
According to the text, what is a major factor in sexual addiction? a) Shame b) Attachment style c) Childhood trauma d)culture
c?
What is a persistent or preservative behavior that is inappropriate to the situation and has no obvious relationship to the goal?
compulsivity
A common perspective among Hispanics who abuse alcohol/drugs is that the individual is: a) A product of deprivation b) suffering a disease c) Mentally ill d) morally weak
d
A____________view of the world is one where it is important to integrate all elements in life, striving for balance. a) conflated b) amalgamate c) united d) diunital
d
According to the Gorski model of relapse prevention, the following stage is considered the beginning stage of treatment and involves the solving of immediate problems: a) transition b) maintenance c) early recovery d) stabilization
d
According to the National Coalition for the Homeless, a barrier to treatment would be: a) lack of supportive services b) Difficulty in engaging in a long-term treatment plan c) Multiplicity of needs d) All of these
d
All of the following statements are true about Hispanic groups EXCEPT: a) alcohol use/abuse for men maintains a romantic element in some Hispanic cultures b) Illegal immigrants may not seek treatment assistance due to the fear of deportation c) Bilingual language ability is an essential element in the provision of services. d) Women are more likely to use drugs than men.
d
Early steps in effective substance abuse prevention programs include needs clarification, assessment, and: a) Identification of resources and funding sources b) Clarification of targeted populations c) Research on leadership and housing d) Development of goals and measurable objectives but addressed by consistent evaluation procedures.
d
Feedback Loops: a) are the communication between parts of the system or family members. b) bring the system back into balance, which is sometimes termed "negative feedback." c) moves the system toward change, which is sometimes termed "positive feedback" d) all of these
d
Fundamental to the 12 step philosophy is the belief in: a) abstinence from substance use b) long-range plans and future predicting c) Moving forward and spending little time in looking at one's history d) Abstinence from substance abuse is not enough
d
Group counseling for substance use disorders is most effective when: a) Group members are provided treatment that includes culturally appropriate interventions b) Group members are provided treatment that matches their readiness to change. c) Therapeutic factors are present d) All of thse
d
The following is accurate in regard to the elderly: a) Fortunately, most of the diseases of the elderly do not predispose them to substance use b) the medical system addresses the specific needs of the elderly population in today's society c) Social support systems and work-related activities are less risk factors for today's elderly. d) Water in the body decreases as we age, and coupled with alcohol intake, creates severe problems.
d
The history of substance abuse among women suggests that addiction among women is closely connected____________. a) To sanctioned socialization b) With experience of disempowerment c) to negative socialization d) All of these
d
The interrelatedness of the two contructs of________forms an important part in defining a behavioral addiction. a) obsession and compulsion b) compulsion and fixation c) fixation and impulsivity d) compulsivity and impulsivity
d
The only non-related substance disorder included in the diagnostic section of the DSM-5 is: a) Sex addiction b) Compulsive buying disorder c) Exercise addiction d) gambling
d
The stages of change model Prochaska, DiClemente, and Norcross, includes the 5 stages of: a) precontemplation, consciousness raising, self-reevaluation, action, and maintenance b) consciousness raising, reinforcement management, self-liberation, counterconditioning, and stimulus control c) self-reevalution, helping relationship, dramatic relief, environmental reevaluation, and social liberation d) precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance
d
The______influence how the individual creates and makes sense of his or her world and the role ATOD plays in one's life. a) universal identity b) group identity c) individual identity d) all of these
d
The______is used to identify major risk factor categories to target with prevention efforts. a) Epidemiological model b) Pharmacology triangle c) Pharmacology model d) Epidemiological triangle
d
Under the premise of the disease model, the only "cure" for the disease of alcoholism is: a) limited use b) controlled abstinence c) moderate use d) total abstinence
d
When someone has both a mental health disorder and a substance use disorder or addictive, they are said to have: a) a severe disorder b) a complex disorder c) dual disorders d) co-occurring disorders
d
When the group needs are held above those of the individual, especially in the Asian culture, this is known as: a) filial piety b) fatalism c) awareness of the social milieu d) interdependence
d
_____________________is defined not only as abstinence from mind-altering chemicals or nonproductive compulsive behaviors but also as changes in physical, psychological, social, familial, and spiritual areas of functioning: a) self-discipline b) maintenance c) relapse d) recovery
d
regarding parental chemical abuse, the effect of a chemically dependent mother is___________that a substance abusing father. a) more detrimental than b) the same as c) less detrimental than d) different from
d
Learning to______________is imperative in recovery.
deal with stress in a healthy way
Several salient cultural values have been discussed that operate among Asian Americans. The respectful love, obligation, and duty to one's parents is:
filial piety
The decision to have closed group membership is made in the __________stage of group development.
formation
In operant conditioning, behavior is strengthened through reward or ___________________and avoidance of punishment or ______________________.
positive reinforcement; negative reinforcement
Some Asian, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islander immigrants have found success in society, while____live at or below the poverty level, struggling to survive.
12.5%
For those over 18 years of age, the __________population experiences nearly three times more average distress than the European American population in their everyday life/
American Indian and Alaskan Native
Research from the National Institute on drug Abuse indicates that signs of risk can be seen as early as_____________, including aggressive behavior, lack of self-control, or a difficult temperament.
Infancy or early childhood.
Researchers have proposed using a___________model for understanding how communities influence substance use.
Social integration
A severe substance use disorder is: a) A chronic condition, characterized by relapse, which can often be managed but not cured. b) A chronic condition, yet can be treated with short-term interventions wherein relapse is viewed as a failure of treatment and abstinence is necessary to achieve success. c) An acute disorder with short-term intervention wherein relapse is viewed as a failure of treatment and abstinence is necessary to achieve success. d) An acute disorder, which can be managed but not cured
a
A severe substance use disorder is: a) A chronic condition, characterized by relapse, which can often be managed but not cured. b) An acute disorder with short-term intervention wherein relapse is viewed as a failure of treatment and abstinence is necessary to achieve success. c) A chronic condition, yet can be treated with short-term interventions wherin relapse is viewed as a failure of treatment and abstinence is necessary to achieve success. d) An acute disorder, which can be managed but not cured.
a
ATOD use and the problems that result from it are best viewed_______________. a) on a continuum b) as a pattern c) as one-time events d) on an individual by individual, situation by situation basis
a
According to the National Coalition for the Homeless, a barrier to treatment would be: a)all of these b) Difficulty in engaging in a long-term treatment plan c)multiplicity of needs d) lack of supportive services
a
All are examples of mutual help groups EXCEPT: a) psychotherapy b) Al-Anon c) Alcoholic's Anonymous d)Narcotics Anonymous
a
Common goals of counseling groups include: a) all of these b) Establishing and maintaining abstinence c) developing healthy relationships d) learning and improving coping skills
a
Early prevention efforts in the 1960s and 1970s focused on: a) all of these b) dissemination of information to potential users c) classroom education d) scare tactics
a
Emergence of conflict occurs in the____________stage of group development. a) Transition and dealing with resistance b) working or cohesion and productivity c) initial orientation and exploration d) formation
a
Above all drugs, ____________________is the most common of malformation to the embryo or fetus in pregnancy.
alcohol
Above all drugs, ______is the most common cause of malformation to the embryo or fetus in pregnancy.
alcohol
Above all of other drugs,______________is the most common cause of malformation to the embryo or fetus in pregnancy.
alcohol
A physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities defines the following term: a) functioning disorder b) disability c) genetic dysfunction d) handicap
b
According to the Stage model, ______________is the stage in which one modifies behavior, experiences, and the environment to allow recovery from the addiction. a) preparation b) action c) contemplation d) maintenance
b
According to the institute of medicine classification, individuals already showing problems as a result of ATOD use are targeted at the: a) Tertiary level b) Indicated level c) Selective level d) Universal level
b
Although many mental health professionals believe in behavioral addictions, others worry that making these behaviors a legitimized disorders will result in: a) none of these b) Pardoning or excusing criminal behavior c) A lack of research necessary to care for this population d) A lack of care given to those struggling with this addiction
b
In the American Indian and Alaskan Native culture, time is seen as__________________________. a) Irreplaceable b) A spiral c) Within a linear concept d) Finite
b
Rational recovery is: a) Both (1) and (2) b) Cognitive behaviorally based (1) c) Pyschoeducational (2) d) Insight driven (3)
b
Relapse is now viewed as: a) a failure of an individual in recovery b) an abnormal part of the recovery process c) a normal part of the recovery process and as a learning experience d) seldom occurring when effective treatment is paired with substance-abusing clients
c
Several salient cultural values have been discussed that operate among Asian Americans. The respectful love, obligation, and duty to one's parents is: a) Losing face b) Subordination c) Filial piety d) Fatalism
c
The American Indian and Alaskan Native culture believes that ____________is a hollow activity. a) Sharing if you don't accumulate wealth at first b) Cooperation among the tribes c) Accumulation of wealth if it cannot be shared with others d) Humor
c
Yalom and Leszcz emphasized the importance of______________, not just reliving, experiencing while engaged in group work.
correcting
Common characteristics of the addictive family system include: a) hypervigilance b) denial c) secrecy d) all of these
d
Homeostasis: a) provides the structure of the family; how it operates b) works to provide an interaction that "heats up" the family system c) tends to facilitate a natural change process in the family d) affects family behavior in order to maintain a sense of balance, structure, and stability.
d
It is imperative that clients learn their__________________and that they develop practical and effective methods for dealing with these: a) cues (1) b) triggers (2) c) symptoms (3) d) both (1) and (2)
d
Project DARE spread rapidly in the 1980;s as a joint effort between school districts and police departments and was shown to: a) cost too much money b) offer high incentives for change c) Bolster cultural pride d) Lack effectiveness when researched
d
Research shows all but one of the following as related to relapse: a) client's perception of ability to cope and expectations of relapse affect outcome b) depression and anxiety have shown to be major detriments of relapse c) Client's attitude toward sobriety effects relapse d) Depression and anxiety exist before use resumes
d
Research supports that substance abuse in families impairs a child's _______________________development in a way that may lead to an adult with mental illness or substance abuse issues. a) Psychological b) Social c) Physical d) All of these
d
A________________view of the world is one where it is important to integrate all elements in life, striving for balance.
diunital
People with mental health issues are_______________to use alcohol or drugs.
more likely
Teens tend to _____________the number of peers who smoke, drink alcohol, use drugs, or have sex.
overestimate
An explanation of excessive exercise has been that individuals who exercise seek out the reward or euphoria feeling, sometimes known as the ____________hypothesis.
runner's high
