Exam 4 - Chapter 23

To minimize the risk of food-borne bacterial infections in a cancer client who has received a hematopoietic stem cell transplant, the nurse would tell the client to: a. cook all meats, poultry, and eggs until they are well done. b. consume adequate amounts of fruits and vegetables. c. increase consumption of dishes that use ground meats. d. consume lactose-free, low-residue, low-fat liquids

a. cook all meats, poultry, and eggs until they are well done.

Obese women have a higher risk of breast cancer than lean women because: a. excess adipose tissue raises levels of estrogen in the body b. obese women eat high-fat diets c. lean women exercise more. d. lean women have higher estrogen levels after menopause

a. excess adipose tissue raises levels of estrogen in the body

Ms. Arther enjoys pudding and is able to tolerate it pretty well. To increase her caloric intake, you suggest that she make her pudding with: a. half-and-half. b. whole milk. c. 2% milk. d. powered milk.

a. half-and-half

All of the following contribute to malnutrition in HIV infection except: a. increased gastric acid secretion. b. medication side-effects. c. diarrhea. d. malabsorption

a. increased gastric acid secretion.

Current recommendations for reducing cancer risk include all of the following except: a. Limit physical activity. b. Control body weight. c. Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables. d. Avoid moldy grains and legumes.

a. limit physical activity

Cancer patients exhibit an increased rate of protein turnover. The nurse understands that this means patients: a. may have a difficult time maintaining a healthy body weight. b. require less protein in their diets. c. should increase their intake of fats. d. may experience early satiety.

a. may have a difficult time maintaining a healthy body weight.

A patient's right to make decisions concerning his or her own well-being is called: a. patient autonomy. b. informed consent. c. beneficence. d.distributive justice.

a. patient autonomy.

The symptoms that Ms. Arther is experiencing are consistent with: a. radiation enteritis. b. tissue rejection. c. steatorrhea. d. lipodystrophy.

a. radiation enteritis.

A cancer that arises from muscle or bone is referred to as a(n): a. sarcoma. b. adenoma. c. carcinoma. d. melanoma

a. sarcoma

The progression of HIV can be evaluated by monitoring: a. the viral load. b. serum albumin levels c. weight d. body composition

a. the vital load

To improve energy intake and compensate for weight loss during cancer treatment, clients should be encouraged to: a. use fats liberally. b. eat extra food immediately after treatment. c. avoid butter and margarine. d. eat more vegetables.

a. use fats liberally

Ms. Arther complains that she is too tired to fix meals and eat. Appropriate recommendations for her include all of the following except: a.engage in physical activity regularly b. Let family members and friends prepare food for you. c. Obtain foods that are easy to prepare and easy to eat. d. Find time to rest before attempting to prepare a large meal

a.engage in physical activity regularly

A durable power of attorney is used to: a. state one's wishes about treatments one does or does not want at the end of life. b. appoint a health care agent. c. withhold CPR in the event of cardiopulmonary arrest. d. allow a physician to write a DNR order.

b. appoint a health care agent

Weight gain often occurs in patients with cancer of the: a. colon. b. breast. c. stomach. d. pancreas.

b. breast

HIV-related causes of anorexia and reduced food intake include all of the following except: a. oral infections. b. early satiety. c. medications. d. respiratory disorders.

b. early satiety

The primary focus of nutrition care for Ms. Arther is: a. educating her on ways to prevent the recurrence of cancer. b. ensuring appropriate intakes of calories and protein c. ensuring an adequate intake of vitamins and minerals. d. preventing iron-deficiency anemia

b. ensuring appropriate intakes of calories and protein

The nurse understands that methotrexate is a chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of cancer and that it can cause a patient to become deficient in: a. essential fatty acids. b. folate. c. vitamin B12. d. calcium.

b. folate

HIV-infected patients face an extremely high risk of malnutrition due to all of the following except: a. intestinal malabsorption. b. lipid abnormalities. c. bacterial overgrowth. d. vomiting and diarrhea.

b. lipid abnormalities

Mrs. Dwyer is a 48-year-old patient who is undergoing radiation therapy for uterine cancer. She complains of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, and has experienced significant weight loss. The nurse recognizes that the likely cause of this is: a. tissue rejection. b. radiation enteritis. c. steatorrhea. d. mental stress.

b. radiation enteritis

Kaposi's sarcoma can contribute to wasting in cancer patients due to: a. malabsorption of nutrients. b. sore mouth that interferes with eating c. depletion of lean body mass. d. respiratory disorder

b. sore mouth that interferes with eating

There appears to be a link between the consumption of _____ and a decreased risk of prostate cancer. a. milk and dairy products b. tomato products c. citrus fruits d. whole grains

b. tomato products

An example of a patient who may require long-term tube feeding is a patient: a. with breast cancer. b. with neck cancer. c. with bone cancer. d. with skin cancer.

b. with neck cancer

For a patient with chronic radiation enteritis, the nurse recognizes that the best form of nutrition support is: a. an oral liquid supplement. b. enteral nutrition. c. parenteral nutrition. d. a pureed diet.

c. parenteral nutrition

Which of the following has been associated with a high incidence of stomach cancer? a. alcohol b. fat c. salt-preserved foods d. sodium

c. salt-preserved foods

The drug dronabinol is sometimes used with cancer patients to: a. increase lean body mass. b. shrink tumors. c. stimulate appetite d. combat diarrhea

c. stimulate appetite

Which of the following drugs, when combined with resistance training, has positive effects on lean tissue mass in HIV patients? a. megestrol acetate b. dronabinolc c. testosterone d. antiretroviral agents

c. testosterone

The nurse is working with a cancer client who needs to add kcalories and protein to his diet. The best advice the nurse could offer would be to suggest that he: a. try new foods and experiment with herbs and spices. b. eat nutrient-dense foods first. c. use plenty of butter and margarine and add milk powder to casseroles d. save most liquids for after meals.

c. use plenty of butter and margarine and add milk powder to casseroles

Because of the symptoms Ms. Arther is experiencing, she is at risk for all of the following except: a. weight loss. b. fluid and electrolyte imbalances. c. negative nitrogen balance. d. dysphagia.

d. dysphagia

In order to increase caloric intake, an individual with cancer could substitute _____ for the milk normally used in recipes. a. Lactaid milk b. chicken broth c. fat-free evaporated milk d. half-and-half

d. half-and- half

Factors that play a role in the wasting associated with cancer include all of the following except: a. cytokines. b. poor appetite. c. diversion of nutrients to support tumor growth. d. hormone levels.

d. hormone levels

HIV-related causes of wasting include all of the following except: a. anorexia. b. chronic diarrhea. c. altered metabolism. d. lipodystrophy.

d. lipodystrophy.

Factors contributing to anorexia in the person with cancer include all of the following except: a. early satiety. b. mental stress. c. fatigue. d. oral infection

d. oral infections

The foods most likely to decrease the risk of cancer are fruits and vegetables, for all of the following reasons except: a. they contain phytochemicals. b. many are rich in folate. c. they contain nutrients that have antioxidant activity. d. they are high in carbohydrate.

d. they are high in carbohydrate.

The reason for the development of lipodystrophy in HIV treatment is: a. malnutrition. b. overeating. c. hormone imbalances d. unknown

d. unknown

Patients who have undergone a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a. are at less foodborne illness risk than other cancer patients b. have not received chemotherapy or radiation c. are being treated for breast cancer d. usually require nutrition support

d. usually require nutrition support

Which of the following nutrition interventions is most appropriate for a patient who complains that food doesn't taste right? a. "Consume foods chilled or at room temperature." b. "Let family members prepare food for you." c. "Avoid foods with strong odors." d. "Talk a walk before you eat

a. "Consume foods chilled or at room temperature."

A patient with HIV is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of dehydration. The patient complains of chronic diarrhea. The nurse notes a 15-pound weight loss over a 4-week period. The most likely explanation for the patient's condition is: a. AIDS enteropathy. b. thrush. c. herpes simplex virus. d. lipodystrophy.

a. AIDS enteropathy

An individual who does not wish to receive CPR if she has a heart attack in the hospital should request a: a. DNR order b. living will c. power of attorney. d. disclosure document.

a. DNR order

A type of cancer frequently associated with HIV infection is: a. Kaposi's sarcoma. b. thrush. c. Kaposi's adenoma. d. cryptosporidiosis.

a. Kaposi's sarcoma.

Disclosure refers to: a. a patient's right to be fully informed of a treatment's benefits and risks in a fair and honest manner. b. a comparison of the potential benefits and harm of any treatment. c. a patient's right to life-sustaining treatments. d. the ability to understand pertinent information and make appropriate decisions

a. a patient's right to be fully informed of a treatment's benefits and risks in a fair and honest manner.

Tube feeding or TPN may be indicated for any of the following patients except: a. an individual who must undergo chemotherapy b. an individual who has long-term gastrointestinal impairment. c. an individual who has permanent gastrointestinal impairment. d. an individual who is experiencing complications that interfere with food intake.

a. an individual who must undergo chemotherapy

Cancer cachexia is characterized by: a. anorexia. b. weight gain. c. slowed metabolism. d. increased appetite.

a. anorexia

Mrs. Watson is a 55-year-old female with a family history of breast cancer. To reduce Mrs. Watson's risk of breast cancer, the nurse advises her to: a. avoid alcohol and maintain a healthy weight b. take a calcium supplement daily. c. eat less red meat. d. drink a glass of red wine with dinner

a. avoid alcohol and maintain a healthy weight

The standard treatment for suppressing HIV infection: a. consists of a combination of at least 3 antiretroviral drugs. b. usually involves surgical procedures. c. has few adverse effects. d. is easy for most patients to adhere to

a. consists of a combination of at least 3 antiretroviral drugs.

An HIV patient develops metabolic complications resulting in insulin resistance and an abnormal lipid profile. The nurse recommends the following nutrition intervention: a. "Avoid fatty fish. b. 'Replace whole milk diary products with low or nonfat dairy products." c. "Drink 4 glasses of grapefruit juice per day." d. "Use margarine instead of butter

b. 'Replace whole milk diary products with low or nonfat dairy products."

All of the following are characteristics of HIV-related lipodystrophy except: a. abnormal lipid levels. b. accumulation of body fat in the hips c. breast enlargement in both men and women. d. insulin resistance.

b. accumulation of body fat in the hips

Which of the following is a major contributor to wasting associated with cancer? a. obstruction b. anorexia c. insulin resistance d. stomatitis

b. anorexia

A female cancer patient tells the nurse that she has begun taking St. John's wort in conjunction with her cancer therapy. The nurse should respond by saying: a. "Be sure you take the dose as prescribed on the bottle." b. "Be sure you are buying a brand- name supplement." c. "St. John's wort may reduce the effectiveness of your cancer therapy." d. "I've read that St. John's wort can cure cancer, too."

c. "St. John's wort may reduce the effectiveness of your cancer therapy."

Which of the following is usually coadministered with chemotherapy? a. appetite stimulants b. antivirals (for infection) c. antiemetics (for nausea) d. anabolic steroids (for wasting)

c. antiemetics (for nausea)

All of the following are involved in the development of cancer except: a. mutations in the genes that control cell division. b. chronic inflammation. c. bacterial infection. d. exposure to carcinogens.

c. bacterial infection

A cancer patient complains that foods just don't taste right. An appropriate recommendation to help the patient handle this problems is: a. Consume smaller meals, and eat slowly. b. Cut foods into smaller pieces. c. brush your teeth or use mouthwash before you eat d. Ask your doctor about appetite- enhancing medications.

c. brush your teeth or use mouthwash before you eat

In order to increase Ms. Arther's protein intake, you suggest that she use _____ freely. a. fruit spreads b. mayonnaise c. cheese d. butter

c. cheese

All of the following problems frequently accompany cancer therapies except: a. altered taste perception. b. mouth sores. c. chronic blood loss. d. intestinal cramping.

c. chronic blood loss

The structure of methotrexate, a drug used to treat cancer, resembles that of: a. vitamin C. b. vitamin E. c. folate. d. pyridoxine.

c. folate

In HIV patients, thrush is associated with all of the following except: a. altered taste sensation. b. mouth pain. c. lesions around the lips. d. dysphagia.

c. lesions around the lips.

Fruits and vegetables have been shown to have a protective effect against all of the following types of cancers except: a. lung. b. prostate. c. liver. d. stomach

c. liver

What legal documents allows a competent adult to clearly express directions regarding medical treatment in the event that the person is unable to make the necessary decisions at that time? a. living trust b. power of attorney c. living will d. medical record

c. living will

Several population studies have linked well-cooked _______ to cancers of the colon, rectum, breast, and prostate. a. allium vegetables b. pasta c. meats d. potatoes

c. meats

The nurse is teaching a class on cancer prevention. Someone in the audience asks if one's diet affects his or her risk of developing cancer. The nurse makes the following statements. Which one is incorrect? a. "Citrus fruits may decrease the risk of esophageal cancer." b. "Fruits and non starchy vegetables may reduce the risk of several types of cancer." c. "Foods rich in folate seem to prevent pancreatic cancer." d. "Dairy foods have been implicated in many types of cancer."

d. "Dairy foods have been implicated in many types of cancer."

Bobby is a 25-year-old client with HIV infection who is experiencing weight loss and a loss of lean body mass. He currently weighs 160 pounds. The nurse suggests that his diet include at least _____ grams of protein per day. a. 37 b. 58 c. 87 d. 116

d. 116

Lipodystrophy can be treated using all of the following except: a. resistance training. b. aerobic activity. c. medications. d. a low-kcalorie diet.

d. a low-kcalorie diet.

The nurse is working with a client admitted to the hospital with complaints of loss of appetite and weight loss. An assessment of the client also reveals depletion of lean body mass and serum protein. The nurse accurately recognizes these as characteristics of: a. tissue rejection. b. human immunodeficiency virus. c. thrush. d. cancer cachexia.

d. cancer cachexia.

Nutrition-related factors that may increase the risk of developing cancer include all of the following except: a. obesity. b. red meat intake. c. salt-preserved foods. d. consumption of citrus fruits.

d. consumption of citrus fruits