Exam 4 - Metabolic Syndrome

True or False: The first step that should be advised to people of metabolic syndrome is lifestyle changes.

*True* Rationale: Sedentary lifestyle and overeating of unhealthy foods are the major causes of metabolic syndrome. Hence, lifestyle changes could reverse the effects of metabolic syndrome, especially if adopted in the early stages.

True or False: Metabolic syndrome can increase the risk of suffering from a stroke.

*True* Rationale: Metabolic syndrome increases the chances of suffering from heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and kidney disease.

Which of the following cholesterol is good cholesterol? 1. HDL cholesterol 2. LDL cholesterol 3. IDL cholesterol 4. VLDL cholesterol

*1. HDL cholesterol* Rationale: HDL cholesterol is the good cholesterol that reduces the chances of heart disease.

Insulin resistance occurs due to: 1. An inadequate amount of insulin produced by the body 2. An inability of the insulin to act at the target organ 3. Increased breakdown of insulin by the body 4. None of the above

*2. An inability of the insulin to act at the target organ* Rationale: Insulin resistance occurs due to an inability of the insulin to act on the target organ.

Another name for metabolic syndrome is: 1. Syndrome M 2. Syndrome A 3. Syndrome X 4. Syndrome Y

*3. Syndrome X* Rationale: Metabolic syndrome is also called syndrome X.

True or False: A typical person suffering from metabolic syndrome has a pear-shaped body.

*False* Rationale: A typical person suffering from metabolic syndrome has an apple-shaped body, where the waist is broad.

True or False: A person with metabolic syndrome does not suffer additional risks if he/she smokes.

*False* Rationale: Smoking worsens the risks associated with metabolic syndrome.

True or False: A person should suffer from asthma to be included under metabolic syndrome.

*False* Rationale: The prerequisites for a person to be labelled as suffering from metabolic syndrome are any three of the following - a large waistline, impaired fasting glucose, elevated triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and hypertension.

True or False: In some individuals, genetic factors may be responsible for insulin syndrome.

*True* Rationale: In some individuals, genetic factors are responsible for insulin syndrome.

True or False: Insulin resistance is common in people with metabolic syndrome.

*True* Rationale: Insulin resistance is common in people with metabolic syndrome.

Conditions common to both definitions of metabolic syndrome include: 1. Abdominal obesity, low HDL, and hypertension 2. Hypertension, high HDL, and high triglycerides 3. Low HDL, abdominal obesity, low fasting glucose 4. Diabetes, hypertension, and low triglycerides

1. Abdominal obesity, low HDL, and hypertension

The following are all characteristics of metabolic syndrome: 1. Hypertension, hypoglycemia, and high HDL 2. Intra-abdominal obesity, hypertension, and low HDL 3. Dyslipidemia, intra-abdominal obesity, and insulin insensitivity 4. Intra-abdominal obesity, hypotension, and low LDLs

2. Intra-abdominal obesity, hypertension, and low HDL

Following the clinical definitions, you can rule out metabolic syndrome if they have: 1. Normal fasting glucose levels 2. Normal blood pressure 3. Normal blood pressure and normal fasting glucose levels 4. High blood pressure and normal fasting glucose levels

3. Normal blood pressure and normal fasting glucose levels

One of the key goals for prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome is to lower the risk of: 1. Liver transplants 2. Amputations 3. Cataract formation 4. Heart disease

4. Heart disease