Exam 4

Which of the following statements best summarizes constructive alternativism?

a) There is no objective reality, only our interpretation of it.

According to Maslow, the number of self-actualized individuals in the population is

a) probably less than one percent.

Socially speaking, self-actualizers tend to have

a) some close friends.

Dr. Griffith is a psychotherapist who was strongly influenced by the existential theories of Rollo May. Dr. Griffith is most likely to believe that the central task of the psychotherapist is to

a) understand the patient's mode of being and nonbeing.

Which of the following is the best example of a parental response that conveys unconditional positive regard to a girl who spilled her milk?

b) "That was a mistake. Try to be more careful next time."

Which term would LEAST likely be associated with the brand of therapy developed by Rogers?

b) Creative therapy

What does the Rep Test do?

b) It reveals one's personal constructs and their complexity.

Greg lives his everyday life under the following assumption: "Other people are not trustworthy." He has interpreted most of his interactions as supportive of this assumption, and continues to do so. According to Kelly, Greg's assumption about other people is

b) a personal construct.

Fragmentation is likely to occur when one's constructs are

b) either impermeable and concrete or undergoing change.

Nicole is a music lover who, after attending a concert, tells her friends the following: "When I was at the concert, the world seemed to be complete and I was one with it. Life seems different now than it was before the concert. It was really a meaningful experience for me." Maslow would state that Nicole

b) had a peak experience.

May believed that myths

b) were essential for psychological health.

A psychotherapy client tells his therapist that he was turned down when he asked a coworker to go out on a date. According to Kelly, the client would benefit most by exploring

b) what the coworker's turning him down means to him.

Why does May believe that love has become a problem in today's society?

c) Because we have sex without relating to one another

The dimension of trust is reflected in which of the following characteristics of self-actualizers?

c) Resistance to conformity

Probably the most important word in Kelly's statement of his most basic theoretical assumption is

c) anticipates.

Kumar is functioning at the self-actualizing level of Maslow's needs hierarchy. According to Maslow, Kumar is motivated by ________ needs.

c) being

According to existentialists such as May, knowledge is

c) defined by doing rather than thinking.

According to Kelly, the primary impetus of behavior lies in the

c) future.

After the politician gave a speech, dozens of citizens called a talk radio station to express their opinions about the speech. The fact that each of them had a unique interpretation best illustrates Kelly's ______ corollary.

c) individuality

Maslow defined a self-actualized person as an individual who

c) is self-fulfilled and doing the best that he or she is capable of doing.

In his day-to-day life, Deron's behavior is influenced by many external rules and societal values. According to Rogers, these external rules and societal values are likely to conflict with Deron's ________, which can inhibit self-actualization.

c) organismic valuing process

Binod lives in a town where he can rely on a stable source of food, but he and the other residents experience frequent attacks by criminals and military forces. According to Maslow's hierarchy, Binod is most likely focused on meeting ______ needs.

c) safety

Rogers identified three specific attitudes important to his brand of therapy. He also argued that

c) such attitudes underlie any good relationship, including those outside the context of therapy.

Maslow identified many specific historical figures as self-actualized individuals; his list included

d) Abraham Lincoln.

"Try some of the broiled octopus," said Chad. "It tastes delicious." "I don't think the concept of taste can even be applied to something that looks like that," said Jeremy. Which corollary best accounts for the difference between Chad's and Jeremy's construction systems in the above example?

d) Range

Which of the following would be an example of a B-need?

d) The need to use one's talents

Rogers contended that people use the defenses of ________ and ________ when their experiences appear to be inconsistent with their self-structure.

d) denial; perceptual distortion

Tony is a sixteen-year-old boy who sees himself as multifaceted, with talents and interest in many areas such as music, art, writing, sports, and business. His parents, however, view him solely as a musician and refuse to acknowledge his other interests and talents. According to Rogers, this situation increases the likelihood that Tony will

d) experience incongruence.

Kelly's dichotomy corollary suggests that if Arthur calls Jeff a snob, it follows that

d) snobbishness and friendliness are dimensions in Arthur's constructs.

In therapy, Kelly had clients write character sketches in which they described

d) themselves from the point of view of a close friend.