EXAM 5
A client of yours is currently suing her employer for race discrimination. You receive a subpoena from the employer's attorney requiring you to appear at a deposition to provide information about the client. When you discuss this with the client, she tells you she does not want you to provide the employer with any information from her therapy sessions. You should _____________________________.
ask your attorney to contact the employer's attorney to discuss the situation
Based on her study of preschoolers and their parents, Diana Baumrind (1967, 1971) concluded that children of __________ parents tend to be aggressive, mistrusting, dependent, and "conflicted-irritable."
authoritarian
Helms's (1995) White Racial Identity Development Model distinguishes between six statuses, with each status being associated with a different information processing strategy (IPS). For example, the "flexibility and complexity" strategy is characteristic of the __________ status.
autonomy (Helms's six identity statuses are: contact, disintegration, reintegration, pseudo-independence, immersion/emersion, and autonomy)
The APA's Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct ____________________________.
clearly prohibits a psychologist from having sexual relationships with a student or supervisee when he/she is in a position of authority over that person
_______ is the degree to which an obtained measure of effect has a practical value or can guide clinical judgments.
clinical significance
When using the analysis of variance, calculation of the F-ratio involves_____.
comparing between-group variability to within-group variability
A psychologist is asked to evaluate a prisoner for the purpose of making a recommendation about the prisoner's readiness for parole. To be consistent with ethical guidelines, the psychologist should ______________________.
conduct the evaluation as long as the prisoner has been told the purpose of the evaluation and has been warned about the limits on confidentiality
Results of Pope's (1992) survey of APA members indicated that which of the following issues was cited most frequently as being ethically troubling or challenging?
confidentiality
You receive a subpoena duces tecum requiring you to testify about a current client at a trial and to bring specific documents from the client's file. You contact the client who states that he does not want you to testify or release his records. You should __________.
contact the attorney who issued the subpoena to request that you be released from it
Penny is an Anglo American teacher and James, her student, is African American. According to Helms's interaction model, Penny will be LEAST effective in teaching James if she is in the __________ stage of racial identity development.
contact; immersion (In the contact status, many individuals display color blindness because they lack an understanding of racism and have limited contact and experiences with people of color)
The review process used by managed care organizations (MCOs) to ensure that providers meet and maintain the requirements to participate in a health plan is referred to as ___________.
credentialing
Although it is necessary to avoid stereotypes when providing services to members of ethnic and racial minority groups, generalizations are often made in the literature. For example, past research suggests that when working with Hispanic clients, it is important to keep in mind all of the following except:
family therapy is often contraindicated because of the hierarchical nature of many Hispanic family.
A strategic family therapist is working with a family in which the husband and wife have avoided their own conflicts by focusing their attention on the problems of their 9-year old son. The therapist in this situation is most likely to:
give the husband and wife a homework assignment designed to foster recognition of the conflicts that exist between them. (triangulation is associated with structural family therapy)
Individuals who are diagnosed with Antisocial Personality Disorder fail to conform to social norms and:
have a history of Conduct Disorder before 15 years of age
The relationship between authoritative parenting and children's academic achievement:
is observed as positive among children as well as among adolescents
With regard to the care and use of animals in research, a psychologist who is the principal investigator __________________________________.
is ultimately responsible for the animals him/herself.
____________ has frequently been cited as a primary problem for gay and lesbian adolescents?
isolation
Multiple regression analysis has several advantages over the analysis of variance (anova) including all of the following except_____.
it allows the researcher to estimate the effects of the independent variables on the dependent variable with the effects of measurement error removed
An organizational psychologist conducts a(n) _________ to determine the relative worth of a job compared to other jobs.
job evaluation
Research examining the relationship between mild depression and autobiographical memory has demonstrated that in comparison to the memories of people who are nondysphoric, the memories of people who are experiencing dysphoria are:
less detailed and more negative
Criterion deficiency is most likely to result in:
low validity
A low selection ratio and a moderate base rate are useful for:
maximizing incremental validity (For the exam, you want to have the terms selection ratio and base rate linked to the concept of incremental validity. most likely to increase decision-making accuracy (i.e., have good incremental validity) when there are many applicants to choose from (a low selection ratio) and when the current technique produces a moderate number of correct decisions (moderate base rate).)
A series of meta-analyses by Eagly and her colleagues regarding research on gender differences in leadership style (initiating structure and consideration) found that:
men and women do not differ significantly with regard to leadership style
According to Gyorgy Gergely (1994), visual feature representation is a necessary precondition for:
mirror self-recognition
During the first therapy session with a new client, you realize that he is the father of a young woman you have been seeing in therapy for three months. The daughter is 22 years old and no longer lives with her parents. The most relevant ethical issue in this situation is ___________.
multiple relationship
A licensed psychologist who is working in an isolated rural community finds that some of his clients have problems that are beyond his training and expertise. The psychologist should ______________________.
obtain appropriate consultation by phone
Dr. Xi has been asked to administer a psychological test to an individual who requires special accommodations because of a physical disability. The test was not developed or normed for individuals with this disability. The APA's Guidelines for Test User Qualifications recommend that, in this situation, psychologists ____________.
obtain legal advice on relevant legal requirements regarding the administration and use of the test
The process by which a neurotransmitter is repackaged into synaptic vesicles is called _________.
pinocytosis
Damage to which part of the brain blunts emotions in most regards, impairs decision making, and causes impulsive decisions without pausing to consider the consequences?
prefrontal cortex
Which cortex uses working memory to guide thoughts and behavior, regulate attention, monitor the effects of our actions, and organize plans for future actions?
prefrontal cortex
Experts on cross-cultural counseling note that, when working with African American families, it is important to recognize that their ongoing experiences in a racist society are likely to foster feelings of powerlessness. Consequently, a good strategy for a therapist is to adopt a:
problem-solving, time-limited approach
"Sampling error" is due to:
random factors that produce a nonrepresentative sample.
_______ is associated with the emergence or re-emergence of symptoms that were absent or controlled while taking medication but appear when the same medication is discontinued or reduced in dosage.
rebound effect
A psychologist has just started seeing a third grader who has been exhibiting behavioral problems at school and home. The psychologist suspects that the child has dyslexia but has had no training in the evaluation of this disorder. The child's parents want the psychologist to conduct the evaluation because of the good rapport she has with the child. The psychologist should ________________________________.
refer the child to a colleague who has experience in Learning Disorders for the evaluation.
Which of the following terms refers to a test's degree of stability, consistency, and predictability?
reliability
From the perspective of Freudian psychoanalytic theory, the defense mechanism of _______________ is viewed as underlying all other defense mechanisms.
repression
According to Maslow's need hierarchy theory, once a person's physiological needs have been satisfied, that person will be motivated by their __________ needs.
safety
Anosognosia is best described as an impairment in __________.
self-awareness
From the perspective of Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, "private speech" is:
self-directed speech that guides the child's behavior
The function of the state licensing boards is probably best described as ___________________________.
setting entry-level qualifications for licensure and monitoring the conduct of licensed psychologists
The primary advantage of manual-guided treatment is that the use of manuals:
standardizes treatment delivery so that, in research, treatment effects can be more clearly ascertained
Studies investigating stepparent-stepchild relationships indicate that:
stepfathers tend to be distant and disengaged from their stepchildren
You are working as a school psychologist. A teacher asks you to evaluate one of her students. After talking with the teacher and the student, you begin to suspect that the teacher is a significant part of the problem. As an ethical psychologist, you would ______________________________.
talk to the teacher about your suspicions.
According to the APA's General Guidelines for Providers of Psychological Services, the term "psychological services" applies to all of the following except _________________________________.
teaching psychology at a university
When implementing the transtheoretical model, clinicians utilize __________ change processes that are matched with the client's stage of change.
ten different
Research on infantile amnesia has shown that:
the ability to recall memories for autobiographical events that occurred prior to age 3 or 4 varies over the lifespan
In the context of the Rorschach test, form quality refers to:
the degree of congruence between the response and reality.
Joey tells his school-based counselor that "No one in my family gets me. They're completely clueless and have no idea what I'm going through!" According to Elkind, Joey's feelings are an example of _____:
the personal fable (belief that one is special and unique, so much so that no one can understand what the adolescent is going through or that they are so special that the rules don't apply to them or they will not incur the same consequences as others)
A "communality" is best described as:
the proportion of variance accounted for by multiple factors in a single variable
The rotating shift is associated with a number of adverse consequences including fatigue, concentration, and performance errors. The negative effects can be reduced, however, when:
the rotation is clockwise and either rapid (every 3 days) or slow (every 3 weeks)
During Piaget's heteronomous stage, children's moral judgments are based on:
the seriousness of the consequences of the act (heteronomous stage = stage of moral realism)
To construct the 68% confidence interval for an examinee's obtained test score, you would need the examinee's score and:
the standard error of measurement (calculated from the test's standard deviation and reliability coefficient; to construct a 68% confidence interval, you add and subtract one standard error of measurement to and from the examinee's obtained test score.)
The only time a client is able to see you is during her lunch hour, which requires her session to be limited to 30 minutes because of the distance she must travel to get to your office. When you bill her insurance company, however, you bill for the entire hour. This is ________________________.
unethical
An intern at a large mental health clinic decides to work at another agency and makes appointments to see several of the clinic's clients at her new place of employment. Her actions are ______________________.
unethical because the clients are already receiving services from the clinic
A psychology intern administers tests to clients of a mental health clinic, but her supervisor scores the tests and interprets their results. When preparing the psychological report, the supervisor does not indicate that the intern administered the tests. This is __________.
unethical since the intern should be listed as the examiner in the report
Dr. Nillson, a behavioral psychologist, is teaching clinical psychology at a university. She does not use, nor can she tolerate the use of, psychodynamic principles and interventions in psychotherapy, even though this is one component she is expected to teach. She refuses to teach psychodynamic therapy in her classes and actually makes fun of it in front of her students during informal gatherings. Her behavior is _______________________.
unethical, because she has an obligation to provide accurate and objective information about the topic she is teaching.
A region of the brain implicated in the control of many behaviors, including thermoregulation, sexual behavior, and gonadotropin secretion is called __________.
ventromedial hypothalamus (involved in eating and sexual behaviors)
You conduct a research study to compare the effects of four weight-loss programs. To compare the average weight lost by participants in the four groups, you could conduct either a series of t-tests or a one-way ANOVA. You decide to use the one-way ANOVA because its use _____.
will decrease the likelihood that you will make a Type I error (An advantage of the one-way ANOVA is that it helps control the "experiment-wise error rate" (i.e., the probability of making a Type I error))
Research comparing younger and older workers has found that:
younger workers expect more personal fulfillment from their jobs than older workers do.
The age of onset of separation anxiety varies from child to child but is usually between six and eight months of age. It then peaks in intensity at about ______ months and thereafter declines.
14 to 18
A normal distribution of raw scores has a mean of 106 and a standard deviation of 10. In this distribution, which of the following scores is equivalent to a raw score of 126?
A T-score of 55 is one-half standard deviation above the mean.
Which of the following represents a phoneme?
B
With regard to information revealed by a client in the context of the client-therapist relationship, who is the "holder of the privilege"?
The client
All other things being equal, which of the following types of tests would be expected to have the lowest reliability?
True-false
The stress response stage that includes successful activation of the appropriate response systems and the reestablishment of homeostatic balance is called __________.
adaptation stage
An undergraduate student is asked by a professor to assist in a new research project. The student will help with the literature review and data analysis. According to the Ethics Code, when the research is published, the student should, at a minimum ____________________________________.
be mentioned in an introductory statement or a footnote
To evaluate the concurrent validity of a new selection test for salespeople, you would:
administer the test to a sample of current salespeople and correlate their scores on the test with their recently assigned performance ratings (Concurrent and predictive validity are types of criterion-related validity. To evaluate a test's criterion-related validity, scores on the predictor (in this case, the selection test) are correlated with scores on a criterion (measure of job performance). When scores on both measures are obtained at about the same time, they provide information on the test's concurrent validity)
According to Atkinson, Morten, and Sue's (1993) Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model, the final stage of identity development involves:
adopting a multicultural perspective.
__________ is a meaningful relationship between two variables, designed to indicate how well variability in one measure can account for variability in another measure.
Effect size
The various approaches to behavior family therapy differ with regard to goals and strategies but most share a focus on which of the following?
Enhancing problem-solving and communication skills.
A psychologist who has been seeing a prison inmate in therapy is asked by the parole board to evaluate the inmate to determine his readiness for parole. The psychologist should ___________.
agree to do so only if she has the expertise necessary to make an informed parole recommendation
Sue et al. (1991) found that ethnic matching was associated with improved treatment outcomes for:
Hispanic clients
Gary previously felt confused about his sexual orientation, but now that he is certain that he is gay, he is considering adopting an openly gay life. Gary is currently best categorized as being in which of Troiden's four stages of identity development?
Identity Assumption
Latent class analysis (LCA) is most similar to which of the following techniques?
Latent trait analysis
Among the groups listed below, admission rates for psychiatric hospitalization are highest for which of the following?
Never married men
Which type of assessment focuses on identifying covariations between variables using data from groups of persons?
Nomothetic assessment (Nomothetic assessments involve establishing generalizations that apply to all individuals. Clinicians who adopt this approach study what individuals share with others)
The purpose of the ________ is to identify parents in need of guidance, parent-child relationship support, and identify children at risk for emotional and behavioral developmental problems.
Parenting Stress Index-Fourth Edition (PSI-4)
Which of the following would be most useful when a test administrator wants to use test scores to determine how much a person has learned during the course of a six-week training program?
Percentage scores
In the process of establishing rapport and maintaining a child's cooperation during an interview or assessment, which technique would be most useful?
Tell the child they are doing a good job.
According to Gerald Patterson and his colleagues, which of the following is a key contributor to Conduct Disorder?
The parent's child-rearing skills
Structural family therapy entails three overlapping steps or stages. Which of the following techniques is/are most useful during the first step?
Tracking and mimesis (The three steps in structural family therapy are joining, evaluating/diagnosing, and restructuring. Tracking (identifying and using the family's values, life themes, etc.) and mimesis (adopting the family's affective and behavioral style) are methods used to join the family system. Joining is the initial step in structural family therapy.)
It is important when choosing a treatment approach for a client belonging to a particular ethnic or other minority group to remember that individuals belonging to the same group exhibit diverse characteristics. However, research does suggest that, overall, Asian and Asian American clients may prefer:
a directive, structured counseling approach.
For Carl Jung, transference is:
a form of projection
In their meta-analysis of the research on the impact of flextime on job outcomes, Baltes et al. (1999) found that this schedule has the greatest impact on:
absenteeism
The owner of a company has decided that, to determine how well employees are performing, employees will be watched while performing their jobs for a predetermined period of time. Based on the relevant research, you predict that the employees' performance during the period of observation will:
be inhibited if the task is complex
In terms of group therapy, premature termination has been found to depend most on the members:
expectations
Smith, Glass, and Miller's (1980) use of meta-analysis involved:
determining the average magnitude of the outcome of psychotherapy across a large number of outcome studies
Dr. Strait is invited to a holiday party at a fellow psychologist's house. While there, he notices that one of the guests is a current therapy client of the psychologist. Dr. Strait's best course of action would be to _________________________.
discuss the issue with the psychologist at a later time
You go out for a drink with a psychologist who is a co-worker of yours at a mental health clinic. After several beers, he accidentally lets it slip that he is currently having a sexual relationship with one of his clients. Your best course of action would be to _______________________.
discuss the issue with the psychologist when he has not been drinking.
As defined in Atkinson, Morten, and Sue's (1993) Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model, a person who has contradictory appreciating and depreciating attitudes toward both his/her own culture and the dominant (majority) culture is in which of the following stages?
dissonance
A handwriting disorder that is characterized by difficulties in learning to write, and/or writing that is accurate but slow, or of poor quality, is referred to as which of the following?
dysgraphia
Youth begin to describe themselves in terms of personality attributes
e.g., "I'm smart," "I'm friendly," "I'm shy": - toward the end of middle childhood (ages 10-12)
A 22-month old refers to all vehicles
e.g., cars, buses, and trucks - as "cars." However, when asked to point to a picture of a bus or truck, she is able to do so. This represents: - represents normal language development
Freud's psychosexual theory of development is based on the premise that in each stage:
efforts to obtain pleasure center on a different part of the body
You suspect a colleague of violating ethical guidelines. To be consistent with the provisions of the Ethics Code, you should ________________________________.
either handle the situation informally or file a report, depending on which course of action you believe is most appropriate
Research on women working outside the homes suggests that combining work and family roles is most associated with:
enhanced self-esteem
The use of a collection agency to collect delinquent fees from a former client is:
ethical under certain circumstances
