Exam 5 MRF

Which of the following is most clearly a key contributor to the formation of the therapeutic alliance? A) progressive relaxation B) an eclectic approach C) patient transference D) an empathic therapist

D

A parrotlike repeating of another's speech or movements is most common among those with ________ schizophrenia. A) catatonic B) disorganized C) undifferentiated D) paranoid

A

Anxiety is considered disordered if it is A) persistent and distressing. B) hard to control. C) genetically influenced. D) a biopsychosocial phenomenon.

A

Cognitive therapists are most likely to emphasize that emotional disturbances result from A) self-blaming and overgeneralized explanations of bad events. B) chemical abnormalities within the brain. C) overly permissive child-rearing practices. D) poverty, unemployment, racism, and sexism.

A

In which of the following disorders is a person continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic arousal? A) generalized anxiety disorder B) antisocial personality disorder C) bipolar disorder D) dissociative identity disorder

A

Norby, an 18-year-old first-year university student, has missed almost all his classes during the past month. He spends most of his time in his bedroom, frequently not even bothering to get dressed or eat meals. He thinks his whole life has been a failure and blames himself for being a social misfit. Norby is most likely suffering from A) major depressive disorder. B) antisocial personality disorder. C) a dissociative disorder. D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

A

Which of the following could best be described as a negative symptom of schizophrenia? A) flat affect B) auditory hallucinations C) selective attention D) delusions of persecution

A

Within the last year, Mr. Shangkun has been fired by three different employers because they each discovered that he was stealing money or materials from their companies. Although he feels no remorse for his misdeeds, his outward signs of repentance have dissuaded his former employers from taking him to court. Mr. Shangkun's behavior is most indicative of A) antisocial personality disorder. B) post-traumatic stress disorder. C) a dissociative disorder. D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

A

A therapist claims that Luke's irrational fear of snakes results from repressed childhood feelings of hostility toward his own father. The therapist's interpretation reflects a ________ perspective. A) social-cognitive B) psychoanalytic C) biological D) learning

B

Bulimia nervosa is characterized by A) losses of 25 percent or more of normal weight. B) episodes of overeating followed by vomiting. C) the loss of regular menstrual periods. D) all of these conditions.

B

By examining the actual consequences associated with anxiety-provoking situations, cognitive therapy patients usually find that the consequences are not as bad as they had imagined. This most directly helps to A) reattribute responsibility. B) decatastrophize thinking. C) rank emotions and thoughts. D) promote transference.

B

Cognitive therapies have achieved especially favorable results in the treatment of A) phobias. B) depression. C) compulsions. D) bed-wetting.

B

Learning theorists have suggested that compulsive behaviors are A) habitual defenses against unconscious impulses. B) reinforced by anxiety reduction. C) classically conditioned habits. D) unconditioned responses to stress.

B

Long-term use of certain antipsychotic drugs can produce involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs. This menacing condition is known as A) serotonin reuptake inhibition. B) tardive dyskinesia. C) Parkinson's disease. D) neurogenesis.

B

Major depressive disorder is said to occur when signs of depression last at least A) one week. B) two weeks. C) two months. D) four months.

B

Marked deficits in frontal lobe cognitive functions, such as planning and organization, are associated with A) agoraphobia. B) antisocial personality disorder. C) generalized anxiety disorder. D) panic disorder.

B

Prozac, Zoloft, and Paxil are called SSRIs because they A) speed recovery from episodes of depression. B) slow the normal reabsorption of excess serotonin from synapses. C) successfully level the emotional highs and lows of bipolar disorder. D) stimulate the release of norepinephrine into the bloodstream.

B

Repeatedly checking to see if your stove is turned off is to ________ as repeatedly thinking you might try to set your own house on fire is to ________. A) depression; mania B) compulsion; obsession C) hallucination; delusion D) paranoia; catatonia

B

Repeatedly pairing a conditioned stimulus that triggers distress with an unconditioned stimulus that triggers pleasure best illustrates A) free association. B) counterconditioning. C) stress inoculation training. D) unconditional positive regard.

B

The disorganized thoughts experienced by those with schizophrenia most likely result from a breakdown in A) linkage analysis. B) selective attention. C) self-esteem. D) role playing.

B

The hallucinations experienced by those who suffer from schizophrenia are most likely to involve ________ things that are not there. A) seeing B) hearing C) tasting D) smelling

B

The repeated association of pleasant relaxing states with stimuli that arouse fear is a central feature of A) humanistic therapy. B) systematic desensitization. C) cognitive therapy. D) stress inoculation training.

B

Which form of therapy vigorously challenges clients' illogical and self-defeating attitudes and assumptions? A) psychoanalysis B) rational-emotive behavior therapy C) systematic desensitization D) aversive conditioning

B

Which of the following disorders is classified as a mood disorder? A) catatonia B) bipolar disorder C) generalized anxiety disorder D) agoraphobia

B

A biopsychosocial approach to substance abuse would be most likely to emphasize A) the distinction between consciously and unconsciously motivated substance abuse. B) the similarities between substance abuse disorders and personality disorders. C) the interactive influences of nature and nurture on substance abuse. D) that substance abuse is simply a lifestyle choice and not a psychological disorder.

C

After several weeks of feeling apathetic and dissatisfied with his life, Mark has suddenly become extremely cheerful and so talkative he can't be interrupted. He seems to need less sleep and becomes irritated when his friends tell him to slow down. Mark's behavior is indicative of A) obsessive-compulsive disorder. B) schizophrenia. C) bipolar disorder. D) agoraphobia.

C

As infants become mobile and experience falls, they become increasingly afraid of heights. This best illustrates the impact of ________ on fear. A) linkage analysis B) observational learning C) classical conditioning D) dissociation

C

Client-centered therapists are most likely to A) help clients associate anxiety-arousing stimuli with a pleasant state of relaxation. B) encourage clients to carefully observe the consequences of their maladaptive behaviors. C) restate and seek further clarification of what clients say during the course of therapy. D) vigorously challenge clients' self-defeating thoughts.

C

Failures are most likely to lead to depression if they are explained in terms that are A) internal, temporary, and specific. B) external, temporary, and global. C) internal, stable, and global. D) external, stable, and specific.

C

False beliefs of persecution that may accompany schizophrenia are called A) obsessions. B) compulsions. C) delusions. D) hallucinations.

C

If individuals expect someone labeled as mentally ill to be hostile, they may act in unfriendly ways that provoke that person to respond with hostility. This illustrates the dangers of A) the medical model. B) linkage analysis. C) self-fulfilling prophecies. D) the biopsychosocial approach.

C

If therapy clients repeatedly imbibe an alcoholic drink mixed with a nausea-producing drug, an alcoholic drink without the drug is likely to become a(n) ________ for feelings of nausea. A) US B) UR C) CS D) CR

C

It has been suggested that the desperate efforts of traumatized victims to detach themselves from the experience of severe and prolonged abuse may contribute to A) bipolar disorder. B) generalized anxiety disorder. C) dissociative identity disorder. D) antisocial personality disorder.

C

It is easy to condition but hard to extinguish fears of the types of stimuli that threatened our ancestors. This fact is best explained from a ________ perspective. A) social-cognitive B) psychoanalytic C) biological D) humanistic

C

Of the following individuals, who is most likely to benefit from therapeutic drugs that block receptor sites for dopamine? A) Amir, who complains about feeling tense and fearful most of the time but doesn't know why B) Matthew, who feels hopeless and lethargic after losing his job C) Betsy, who hears imaginary voices telling her she will soon be killed D) Marcella, who is so obsessed with fear of a heart attack that she frequently counts her heartbeats aloud

C

One cluster of personality disorders marked by noticeably odd or eccentric behavior is exemplified by the ________ personality disorder. A) avoidant B) narcissistic C) schizoid D) histrionic

C

Recovery from a major depressive episode is likely to be permanent the ________ the first episodes appears and the ________ the number of previous episodes. A) earlier; fewer B) earlier; greater C) later; fewer D) later; greater

C

Relieving guilt through self-punishment is one of the motives for A) bipolar disorder. B) agoraphobia. C) non-suicidal self-injury. D) dissociative identity disorder.

C

Suicide rates are ________ among the rich than the poor, and they are ________ among young men than old men. A) higher; higher B) lower; lower C) higher; lower D) lower; higher

C

The major characteristic of dissociative disorders is a disturbance of A) mood. B) appetite. C) memory. D) perception.

C

The vicious cycle of depression is often initiated by A) unrealistic optimism. B) excessive levels of norepinephrine. C) stressful life experiences. D) external attributions of blame.

C

To help Mrs. Otsuki lose weight, her therapist first attempted to assess whether her weight loss might be personally threatening to her husband. The therapist's concern is most characteristic of a A) biomedical therapist. B) client-centered therapist. C) family therapist. D) psychodynamic therapist.

C

What would be most helpful for encouraging adults with intellectual disability to make their beds every morning? A) cognitive therapy B) aversive conditioning C) a token economy D) systematic desensitization

C

Which of the following disorders is most often characterized by the avoidance of situations in which panic may strike? A) schizophrenia B) bipolar disorder C) agoraphobia D) major depressive disorder

C

Which of the following is a form of counterconditioning? A) unconditional positive regard B) stress inoculation training C) virtual reality exposure therapy D) free association

C

Which of the following is most likely to contribute to inflated perceptions of the effectiveness of psychotherapy? A) meta-analysis B) free association C) regression toward the mean D) the double-blind procedure

C

While driving to work, Pedro hears a radio advertisement for a new restaurant. Throughout the day, the tune associated with the advertisement keeps running through his head. Pedro's inability to stop thinking about the tune best illustrates the nature of a(n) A) delusion. B) hallucination. C) obsession. D) compulsion.

C

Although experiencing severely traumatic events may lead to PTSD, it is also likely to lead to A) schizophrenia. B) linkage analysis. C) bipolar disorder. D) increased personal strength.

D

Compared with men, women are much more likely to be diagnosed as suffering from A) antisocial personality disorder. B) a bipolar disorder. C) alcohol dependence. D) depression.

D

Dogs come to fear neutral stimuli associated with shock. This best illustrates A) linkage analysis. B) post-traumatic growth. C) catatonia. D) classical conditioning.

D

Dr. Jackson reinforces depressed patients for their participation in pleasant activities and trains them to take increasingly more credit for the rewards they gain from engaging in those activities. Dr. Jackson's treatment approach best illustrates A) exposure therapy. B) client-centered therapy. C) psychodynamic therapy. D) cognitive-behavioral therapy.

D

Evidence suggests that ________ contribute(s) to schizophrenia. A) depressed serotonin levels B) a pessimistic explanatory style C) conscious role playing D) prenatal viral infections

D

Humanistic therapists aim to boost people's self-fulfillment by helping them to grow in A) long-term potentiation. B) systematic desensitization. C) spontaneous recovery. D) self-acceptance.

D

In terms of neurotransmitter levels, depression is associated with A) high norepinephrine levels and low serotonin levels. B) low norepinephrine levels and high serotonin levels. C) high norepinephrine levels and high serotonin levels. D) low norepinephrine levels and low serotonin levels.

D

O. H. Mowrer trained children to discontinue bed-wetting by arranging for an alarm to sound each time they wet their beds. This technique best illustrates a therapeutic application of A) systematic desensitization. B) cognitive-behavioral therapy. C) the placebo effect. D) classical conditioning.

D

Of all the twins who share identical genes with a schizophrenia victim, about ________ do not themselves develop schizophrenia. A) one-fifth B) one-fourth C) one-third D) one-half

D

People are more likely to recover from ________ schizophrenia than from ________ schizophrenia. A) acute; reactive B) process; chronic C) chronic; acute D) reactive; process

D

Personality disorders are best described as A) symptoms of distress that are not caused by biological abnormalities. B) disruptions in conscious awareness and sense of self-identity. C) patterns of delusional and disorganized thoughts and feelings. D) inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.

D