Exam A&P II 00, 01, 02, 03 Diez

Match the following actions with the appropriate hormone: A) thyroid-stimulating hormone B) growth hormone C) antidiuretic hormone D) parathyroid hormone E) oxytocin F) follicle-stimulating hormone G) glucocorticoids H) insulin 1) Stimulates contraction of the uterus and milk ejection (the let-down reflex) 2) Raises blood calcium levels 3) Promotes normal cell metabolism and helps the body resist long-term stressors 4) Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine 5) Promotes reabsorption of only water by the kidneys 6) Lowers blood glucose levels 7) Promotes the growth of skeletal muscles and long bones 8) Stimulates development of follicles in female ovaries and sperm development in male testes

1) E 2) D 3) G 4) A 5) C 6) H 7) B 8) F

Match the structure in the first column with its description in the second column. _____ 1. systole A. relaxation of heart chambers _____ 2. diastole B. contraction of heart chambers _____ 3. anastomoses C. tissue mass embedded in the posterior wall of the right atrium _____ 4. SA node D. amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle in one minute _____ 5. cardiac output E. interconnections of small tributaries of major blood vessels

1-B, 2-A, 3-E, 4-C, 5-D

Match the following: A) Albumin B) Alpha and beta globulins C) Fibrinogen D) Gamma globulins 19) Main contributor to osmotic pressure. 20) Antibodies released by plasma cells during immune response. 21) Forms fibrin thread of blood clot. 22) Transport proteins that bind to lipids, metal ions, and fat-soluble vitamins.

19) A 20) D 21) C 22) B

Which of the following statements of the Olfactory Pathways is incorrect? 1. Axons projecting from the olfactory epithelium 2. Bundled and pass through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone and into olfactory bulb 3. Olfaction is routed to the central nervous system through the thalamus 4. Olfactory tracts then extend back to the olfactory cortex of the cerebrum, the hypothalamus, and the limbic system

3. Olfaction is routed to the central nervous system through the thalamus

A) T wave B) QRS wave C) P wave 9) Wave seen on an electrocardiogram (ECG) representing ventricular depolarization 10) Wave visible on the electrocardiogram (ECG) representing atrial depolarization 11) Wave visible on the electrocardiogram (ECG) representing ventricular repolarization 12) Wave on the electrocardiogram (ECG) that follows the firing of the sinoatrial (SA) node

9) B 10) C 11) A 12) C

Specialized ________ convey the impulses to the contractile cells of the ventricular myocardium. A) Purkinje fibers B) nodal cells C) AV bundles D) bundle branches E) ectopic cells

A) Purkinje fibers

Which of the following statements regarding the red blood cell's shape is incorrect? A) The red blood cell's shape enables the cells to stay rigid and inflexible B) The red blood cell's shape enables the cells to form stacks called rouleaux, C)The red blood cell's shape also enables the cells to stack and break apart without affecting the integrity or function of the red blood cells D)The red blood cell's shape also enables the cell stacks to smooth the flow through narrow blood vessels, such as capillaries E) The red blood cell's shape also enables the cells to force their way through narrow vessels

A) The red blood cell's shape enables the cells to stay rigid and inflexible

Substances that the body recognizes as foreign are called ________. A) antigens B) antibodies C) formed elements D) megakaryocytes

A) antigens

The structure that separates the cochlear duct from the scala tympani is the A) tectorial membrane. B) basilar membrane. C) vestibular duct. D) organ of Corti. E) malleus.

B) basilar membrane.

Fluid tends to be forced out of a capillary bed by ________ while ________ tends to draw fluid into the capillary bed. A) systolic pressure; diastolic pressure B) blood pressure; osmotic pressure C) osmotic pressure; diastolic pressure D) osmotic pressure; blood pressure

B) blood pressure; osmotic pressure

The first heart sound ("lubb") is produced as the atrioventricular valves ________ and the semilunar valves ________. A) open; close B) close; open C) open; open D) close; close E) The actions of the valves do not contribute to the heart sounds.

B) close; open

Cortisone and cortisol are types of ________ produced by the middle cortical layer of the adrenal gland. A) mineralocorticoids B) glucocorticoids C) sex hormones D) catecholamines

B) glucocorticoids

The receptor for static equilibrium is the ________. A) semicircular canals B) macula C) utricle D) cochlear duct

B) macula

The alternating expansion and recoil of an artery that occurs with each beat of the left ventricle creates a pressure wave known as a(n) ________. A) cardiac output B) pulse C) pressure point D) stroke volume

B) pulse

Rising blood levels of aldosterone cause the kidney tubules to ________. A) reabsorb potassium B) reabsorb sodium C) reabsorb calcium D) reabsorb iodine E) reabsorb hydrogen

B) reabsorb sodium

When antibodies bind to antigens on foreign blood types, clumping or ________ occurs. A) coagulation B) hematopoiesis C) agglutination D) alkalosis

C) agglutination

Substances tend to leave the bloodstream at the arterial end of the capillary because ________. A) the osmotic pressure of the blood is higher at the arterial end of the capillary B) the osmotic pressure of the blood is higher at the venule end of the capillary C) blood pressure is higher at the arterial end of the capillary D) blood pressure is higher at the venule end of the capillary E) interstitial pressure is higher at the arterial end of the capillary

C) blood pressure is higher at the arterial end of the capillary

Each gustatory cell extends a ________ into the surrounding fluids through a narrow taste pore. A) taste bud B) papilla C) taste hair D) basal cell E) neuron

C) taste hair

The second heart sound is heard when A) the AV valves open. B) the AV valves close. C) the semilunar valves close. D) the atria contract. E) blood enters the aorta.

C) the semilunar valves close.

During rapid depolarization of a ventricular contractile cell, the voltage-gated sodium channels close when the transmembrane potential reaches ________. A) -90 mV B) -30 mV C) 0 mV D) +30 mV E) +90 mV

D) +30 mV

The following are various components of the conducting system of the heart: 1 - Purkinje cells 2 - AV bundle 3 - AV node 4 - SA node 5 - bundle branches The sequence in which an action potential would move through this system is A) 1, 4, 3, 2, 5. B) 3, 2, 4, 5, 1. C) 3, 5, 4, 2, 1. D) 4, 3, 2, 5, 1. E) 4, 2, 3, 5, 1.

D) 4, 3, 2, 5, 1.

The second-messenger mechanism of hormone action operates by ________. A) synthesizing more than one hormone at a time B) increasing the basal metabolic rate in the target organ C) altering gene expression in the nuclear DNA D) binding to specific receptors and employing the services of G proteins and cAMP

D) binding to specific receptors and employing the services of G proteins and cAMP

Normal cardiac muscle is similar to normal skeletal muscle in terms of A) the duration of the action potentials, which last 250-300 msec. B) the duration of the resulting contractions. C) the refractory period, which continues until relaxation is under way. D) how an action potential leads to the appearance of calcium among the myofibrils. E) the appearance of summation of twitches.

D) how an action potential leads to the appearance of calcium among the myofibrils.

Mineralocorticoids regulate the concentration of ________ and ________ ions in our blood. A) iron; magnesium B) calcium; phosphorus C) water; glucose D) sodium; potassium

D) sodium; potassium

In the visual pathway, each cerebral hemisphere receives visual information from A) the medial half of the retina from the same and from the opposite side. B) the lateral half on the retina from the same and the opposite side. C) the medial half of the retina on the same side, and from the lateral half of the retina on the opposite side. D) the lateral half of the retina on the same side, and from the medial half of the retina on the opposite side. E) the entire retina from both sides and from the opposite side.

D) the lateral half of the retina on the same side, and from the medial half of the retina on the opposite side.

Following are events that occur during the cardiac cycle. 1. Ventricular pressure increases and exceeds pressure in the arteries. 2. Ventricles fill passively. 3. Atrial relaxation begins. 4. Atrial contraction forces a small amount of additional blood into relaxed ventricles. 5. Pressure in ventricles drops and blood flows back against cusps of semilunar valves, forcing them closed. 6. Ventricular contraction pushes AV valves closed. Choose the correct order of events in the cardiac cycle. A) 4, 6, 3, 1, 2, 5 B) 2, 4, 3, 6, 1, 5 C) 3, 6, 1, 5, 4, 2 D) 2, 5, 1, 6, 3, 4 E) 4, 3, 6, 1, 5, 2

E) 4, 3, 6, 1, 5, 2

Which statement is correct regarding the heart wall? A) The endothelium consists of cardiac muscle tissue, blood vessels, and nerves. B) The myocardium is comprised of a simple squamous epithelium and an underlying layer of areolar tissue. C) The endocardium is the visceral pericardium. D) The cardiac muscle tissue forms bands that wrap around the ventricles and spiral into the wall of the atria. E) The epicardium is a serous membrane that consists of an exposed epithelium and an underlying layer of areolar tissue.

E) The epicardium is a serous membrane that consists of an exposed epithelium and an underlying layer of areolar tissue.

The hormone secreted by the pancreatic alpha cells would result in ________. A) decreased breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver and skeletal muscles B) increased triglyceride synthesis in adipose tissues C) increased rate of glucose utilization D) increased rate of ATP generation E) increased synthesis and release of glucose by the liver

E) increased synthesis and release of glucose by the liver

If the AV node does not receive action potentials generated by the SA node, A) the ventricles will beat faster. B) the ventricular rate of contraction will not be affected. C) the stroke volume will increase. D) tachycardia will occur. E) it will establish a heart rate of 40-60 bpm.

E) it will establish a heart rate of 40-60 bpm.

Regarding pancreatic hormones, A) parasympathetic stimulation inhibits insulin release, and sympathetic stimulation enhances it. B) both parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation inhibit insulin release. C) both parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation enhance insulin release. D) sympathetic stimulation inhibits glucagon release. E) parasympathetic stimulation enhances insulin release, and sympathetic stimulation inhibits it.

E) parasympathetic stimulation enhances insulin release, and sympathetic stimulation inhibits it.

The movement of the stapes at the oval window establishes pressure waves in the A) endolymph of the scala vestibuli. B) ampullae. C) perilymph of the scala tympani. D) endolymph of the cochlear duct. E) perilymph of the scala vestibuli

E) perilymph of the scala vestibuli

During repolarization, ________ ions rush out of the ventricular contractile cell. A) sodium B) calcium C) magnesium D) selenium E) potassium

E) potassium

What actually absorbs the light in photoreceptors cells? a) the retinal part of the rhodopsin and iodopsins b) the rho and iodo parts of rhodopsin and iodopsins c) the opsin part of rhodopsin and iodopsin

a) the retinal part of the rhodopsin and iodopsins

Match the following: A) Otoliths B) Vestibule C) Pharyngotympanic tube D) Tympanic membrane Ear stones. Connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx. Separates external acoustic meatus from the middle ear. Contains utricle and saccule. Detects linear acceleration.

a, c, d, b, b

Identify the correct sequence of steps in the generation of an action potential. 1. Activation of sodium channel and rapid depolarization 2. Inactivation of sodium channels and activation of potassium channels 3. Depolarization to threshold 4. Closing of potassium channels a) 4, 3, 2, 1 b) 3, 1, 2, 4 c) 1, 3, 2, 4 d) 3, 1, 4, 2 e) 1, 3, 4, 2

b) 3, 1, 2, 4

Plateau phase is due to an, _________ion influx through slow channels. a) sodium b) calcium c) magnesium d) potassium

b) calcium

Which ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential and participates in the generation and conduction of action potentials? a) mechanically gated channel b) ligand-gated channel c) voltage-gated channel d) leakage channel

c) voltage-gated channel

The skeleton of the heart consists of a) a reticular connective tissue within the myocardium b) a bone in the interatrial septum c) a bone in the interventricular septum d) dense bands of tough, elastic connective tissue that encircle the heart valves and the bases of aorta and pulmonary trunk e) fibrous connective tissue in the auricle of the atrium

d) dense bands of tough, elastic connective tissue that encircle the heart valves and the bases of aorta and pulmonary trunk

A rise in glucocorticoid levels cause which of the following? a) a rise in the production of both ACTH and CRH b) a decline in the production of ACTH and a rise in CRH c) a rise in the production TRH and TSH d) a rise in the production of ACTH and a decline in CRH e) a decline in the production of both ACTH and CRH

e) a decline in the production of both ACTH and CRH