exam ch 4,5,8
sister chromatids
*pic*
C******** TAKE A LOOK AT THE PIC. its# 27 on quiz 5
*pic* which indicates the presence of an enzyme in the movement of reactant over product
the tube contents will be hypertonic to the beaker contents
*pic* which of the following statements would describe the conditions observed after 12 hrs of time has elapsed
osmosis
*pic* which process allows water to move across the membrane
energy cannot be created nor destroyed but it can be changed from one form to another
1st law of thermodynamics
energy cannot be changed from one form to another w/o loss of usable energy
2nd law of thermodynamics
is causes blood vessels to grow in the tumor
angigenisis contributes to carcinogenisis bc
can be used to remove damaged or malfunctioning cells
apoptosis
a damaged cell is programmed to fragment and then is phagocytized
apoptosis occurs when
stimulates mitosis
aproto oncngene differs from a tumor suppressor gene bc a protooncongene
PLANT cell undergoing cytokinesis
susan was examining a cell under the microscope.... the cell under examination was most likely an
actvie transport
the concentration of calcium is 3%.....
prophsae
the drug chloral hydrate prevents elongation of microtubules by preventing the addition of sub units to the growing end, during which stage of mitosis would chloral hydrate be most harmful
DNA is completely replicated AND damage to DNA can be repaired
the g2 checkpoint prevents the cell cycle from continuing until..
compacts the dna allowing a large amount of dna to fit in the cell
the looping o DNA around histone proteins
micro tubules; centosome
the mitotic spindle is composed of ______ and grows from the ______ toward the center of the cell
plasmolyzed plant cell
the opposite of a turgid plant cell is
active site
the part o the enzyme into which the substrate fits is called the
solar energy is being added to the reaction to create glucose
the second law of thermodynamics states that all energy transformations result in more disordered energy....
the separate sister chromatids and elongate the cell
the spindle serves two roles in mitotic division. these are
travel
the term metastasis refers to the fact that cancer cells tend to
manufacture actin filaments
w/o a centrosome, cells would not be able to
bind signal proteins from other parts of the body
w/o receptor proteins, a cell would not be able to
greater surface area for ATP production
what does the folding of the mitochondrial inner membrane shown here provide ? *pic
facilitated and active transport
what function do the embedded membrane... *pic*
plasma membrane
what must materials pass through to enter or leave a cell
mitochondria
what organelle is required for producing ATP for cellular work
cell wall
what prevents a plant cell from bursting in a hypotonic solution?
feedback inhibition
what process typically regulates the enzymes involved in metabolic reactions
energy can be changed from one form to another
when a car burns gas....
isotonic
when a cell is in a solution where the concentration of the solute is in the same cell in the solution, is called
the water creates a hypotonic environment causing the cells to gain water
when a potted house plant is wilted...
during mitosis
when during the cell cycle are chromosomes visible
excocytosis
when neurons release their neurotransmitters...
golgi apparatus
where do the vesicles that are being made for secretion from the cell become modified and packaged
kinetic energy is energy of motion
which energy association is correct
an apple made of energy rich macromolecules
which is an example of potential rather than kinetic energy
s phase, dna replication
which is correctly matched
disorder
which of the following describes entropy
receptor-mediated endocytosis
which of the following enables a cell to pick up and concentrate a specific type of molecule?
oxygen
which of the following is a byproduct of photosynthesis that is used durig cellular respiration
interphase consists of G1, S and g2
which of the following is correct regarding the events of the cell cycle
produce numerous channels for continuous flow of water from cells to cells
which of the following is not a possible function of the extracellular matrix in animal cells
rough er, golgi, plasma membrane
which of the following is the correct sequence for an altered protein that is secreted from the cell
carbon dioxide
which of the following molecules is able to move across the cell membrane by simple diffusion?
golgi apparatus
which of the following organelles would be abundant and close in proximity to the cell plate in a plant cell undergoing cytokinesis
solar energy, chloroplast, mitochondria
which of the following shows the flow of energy at the cellular level through the biosphere
it converts light energy to chemical energy
which of the following statements describes the function of a chloroplast
nucleous
which of the following structures would NOT be seen in a prokaryotic cell
proteins
which structures determine the flexibility of the extracellular matrix
each enzyme has a specific substrate and produces a specific product
why do metabolic pathways require tens of hundreds diff enzymes
fluids may leak out past the barrier the junction would make
without tight junctions in certain tissues
a phosphate is removed
ATP releases energy when
conjunction pili
_____________ are bacterial structures inolvedcin the passage of DNA in/ out of the cell
phagocytosis
a WBC surrounds and engulfs a worn out RBC....
a cell from a bacterium
a cell being observed under a microscope is seen to posses a cell wall, plasma membrane, ribosomes and chromosome materials that are not found in a nucleolus. based on this, it could be
the cell would never leave metaphase
a mutation results in a cell that no longer produces a normal protein kinase for the M-phase checkpoint.....
lysosomes
a tadpole that is undergoing metamorphosis into a frog......
disrupts ctrl of expression of genes that regulate the cell cycle
a translocation may lead to cancer if it
the cell no longer responds to signals that cause it to stop dividing or undergo apoptosis
a tumor suppressor gene undergoes mutation that causes it to lose its normal function....
a hydrophilic layer of phospholipid HEADS, then a hydrophobic layer of phospholipid TAILS, then another hydrophilic layer of phospholipid HEADS
as a molecule moves thru the plasma membrane it passes thru
the regulation of the cell cycle is lost and uncontrolled cell division occurs
cancer occurs when
cell division can be inhibited by the proximity of other cells of the same type, a process called contact inhibition
cells grown in a petri dish..
not undergo mitotic division unless it later revives the go ahead signal
cells that do not receive the correct signal to move from G1 int Sphase will enter G0 and therefor will
ATP
considering the ATP cycle, which would have the most potential energy to preform work for cell activities
the golgi apparatus produces membrane bound vesicles filled w materials to make the cell wall; actin fibers pull the membrane inwards until the two sides touch
cytokinesis in plants occurs as ______ and in animals as______
a cell w 2 or more nuclei
cytokinesis usually usually, but not always, follows mitosis, if a cell undergoes mitosis and cytokinesis, this would reslut in
pass thru the membrane via proteins
since the plasma membrane blocks the passage of all but a few molecules w specific traits it is necessary for other molecules to
is the energy required for molecules to react w each other
energy of activation
lowering the energy needed for the action to proceed
enzymes are able to speed up the rate of reaction by
an enzyme binds to on specific substrate
enzymes are name based on the substrate that the bind, this is possible bc
the cytoskeleton
eukaryotic cells move their organelles by
not allowing them to produce proteins
here is an antibiotic streptomycin that doctors prescribe for infections....... the cell dies and the person gets better. in other words, the antibiotic destroys bacteria by
the daughter cells have the same # of chromosomes and the same amount of DNA
how do the daughter cells at the end of mitosis and cytokinesis compare to their parent cell when it was G1 of the cell cycle
20
if there are 20 centomeres.. how may chromosomes
to the enzyme of the first reaction
in feedback inhibition of a metabolic pathway, where does the inhibitor bind?
develop finger like projections
surface to volume ratio is an important characteristic for cell function. some cells:
they are smaller
in what way are vesicles diff from vacuoles
prevented shortening of micro tubules
movement of chromosomes during anaphase would most likely be affected by a drug that
the substrate alters shape to more closely fit the active site
once the substrate moves into the active site of the enzyme
bacteria cant surive in a HYPERtonic solution bc they lose water
pickles are often preserved in a 20-30 % salt solution...
plasmodesmata
plant cells communicate w eachother via
cyclins
proteins that are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, and that show fluctuation in concentration during cell cycle are called
does not require energy from the cell
simple diffusion across a plasma membrane is called passive transport bc it
in non living systems as well as living
simple diffusion of molecules occurs
