exam one

__________ may accompany narcolepsy and is characterized by the collapse of muscle groups or the entire body.

Sleep paralysis

Which of the following is a difference between sleep terrors and nightmares?

Sleep terrors usually occur during the first two sleep cycles of the night, whereas nightmares are more likely to occur toward morning.

Which of the following pituitary hormones regulates the adrenal cortex?

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone

Which of the following is a likely consequence of low thyroxin secretion in adults?

Adults who secrete too little thyroxin may feel tired and sluggish and may put on weight.

_____ is a monocular cue for depth based on the coming together of parallel lines as they recede into the distance.

Perspective

Which of the following is true of feature detectors?

They refer to neurons that fire in response to specific features of sensory stimuli.

Which of the following statements is true of Stage 4 sleep?

During Stage 4 sleep, the delta waves produced by the brain slow to about 0.5 to 2 cycles per second.

What is the purpose of a split-brain operation?

To confine epileptic seizures to one hemisphere of the cerebral cortex.

As opposed to a dependent variable, an independent variable is manipulated by the experimenters so that its effects may be determined.

True

Biofeedback training is a system that provides information about a bodily function so the organism can gain control of that function.

True

In the context of psychological research, debriefing is the process of explaining the purposes and methods of a completed procedure to a participant.

True

The part of the electro-magnetic spectrum that stimulates the eye and produces visual sensations is called visible light.

True

According to structuralists, maladaptive behavior patterns tend to drop out, and only the fittest behavior patterns survive.

False

Erik Erikson focused more on unconscious processes and less on conscious choice and self-direction.

False

Neurons carry messages from the axon terminals through the axon to the dendrites.

False

Response set theory suggests that you can be hypnotized against your will.

False

You would not show any instinctive behaviors if you were born and raised separately from others in your family and/or species.

False

__________ stresses people's capacities for self-fulfillment and the central roles of consciousness, self-awareness, and decision making.

Humanism

Which of the following statements is true of psychoanalysis?

It aims to help patients find socially acceptable ways of expressing wishes and gratifying needs.

Which of the following is true of functionalism?

It looks at how habits help one cope with common situations.

__________ is the concept that holds that adaptive genetic variations among members of a species enable individuals with those variations to survive and reproduce.

Natural selection

In the context of pain, which of the following statements is true?

Pain is usually sharpest where nerve endings are densely packed.

_____ is the fraction of the intensity by which a source of physical energy must be increased or decreased so that a difference in intensity will be perceived.

Weber's constant

Which of the following is true of behaviorism?

Behaviorists define psychology as the scientific study of behavior, not of behavior and mental processes.

Which of the following is a difference between repression and suppression?

Repression is an unconscious process, whereas suppression is a conscious process.

Which of the following structures of the limbic system is connected with vigilance?

The amygdala.

In the context of auditory perception, which of the following statements is true?

The frequency theory appears to account only for pitch perception between 20 and a few hundred cycles per second.

Jeff observed a quick succession of cars moving together on the road. His first thought was that they were all a part of a convoy of some sort. Which law of perceptual organization best explains Jeff's assumption?

The law of common fate.

As discussed in your text, the Literary Digest incorrectly predicted Alf Landon to win the 1936 presidential election over Franklin D. Roosevelt. What is believed to be the primary source of their error?

The sample

Which of the following statements is true of clinical psychologists?

They evaluate problems such as anxiety and depression through interviews and psychological tests.

Bobby was standing in line to purchase a movie ticket. All of a sudden, the man in front of him took a few steps back and stepped on Bobby's foot. Bobby immediately felt pain in his foot. This sensation was transmitted to the spinal cord and the brain through _______.

afferent neurons

The axon bundle that transmits neural impulses from the organ of Corti to the brain is known as the__________.

auditory nerve

During a guided meditation session, Rachel was asked to picture a green valley under a clear blue sky. She was asked to "feel" the wind against her face and "hear" the birds chirping around her. Although none of these stimuli were actually present, Rachel was conscious of them. This scenario illustrates an aspect of consciousness called _____.

direct inner awareness

The surface of the cerebrum—the cerebral cortex—is wrinkled, or convoluted, with ridges and valleys. These valleys are known as _______.

fissures

Some lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) users have __________, which are distorted perceptions or hallucinations that mimic the LSD "trip" but occur days, weeks, or longer after usage.

flashbacks

Among lower animals, stimulation of various areas of the __________ can trigger instinctual behaviors such as fighting, mating, or nest building.

hypothalamus

Brad was surprised to learn that Ameer did not belong to the National Honor Society because he always seemed to hang out with other members of that organization. This is best explained by the principle of the law of__________.

proximity

Exposure to very loud sounds can lead to damage of the auditory nerve or hair cells, resulting in__________.

sensorineural deafness

A sleep disorder in which the person repeatedly stops breathing during sleep is called _______.

sleep apnea

Elly attends weekly sessions to improve her spirituality. During these sessions, she concentrates on specific sounds or words known as "mantras." She claims that these sessions reduce her anxiety and help her relax. In this scenario, Elly is most likely practicing __________.

transcendental meditation