exam quetions

Tristan has smoked for most of his life, does not exercise, and lives an overall sedentary life. Which of the following is Tristan at risk for?

Cancer and heart disease

What is the leading cause of death and disability in the US?

Cardiovascular disease

What is an example of cultural differences in personality?

Chinese personality inventories have different 5 factors than US personality inventories

What is an example of the detribalization that is common during middle adulthood?

Christen decides to enroll in a French class, even though none of her friends are interested.

What conclusion can be drawn from this graph on the heritability of cognitive abilities in older adulthood? (bar graph showing cognitive ability between different twin sets)

Cognitive abilities are heritable

What personality trait is most likely to predict work-related success?

Conscientiousness

Which of the following is evidence for heritability of cognitive skills?

Correlations between cognitive skills are higher between monozygotic twins

Which of the following is not a function of reminiscence in late adulthood?

Creating new memories

According to our lectures, what major factor impacts multiple facets of aging?

Culture

Which broad life theme that we have discussed in class dramatically impacts the process of aging?

Culture

As discussed in class, which developmental process' change over the lifespan is best described by this trajectory? (U shape facing up)

Dependency on a caregiver

Which of the following states that growth throughout development, beginning as early as the fetal period, will factor into adult health?

Developmental Origins Hypothesis

What is true of changes in attention abilities with age?

Dividing attention is harder for older adults

What conclusion can be drawn from the following graph? 6 blue graphs

Each personality trait shows a different age-related pattern

Which of the following designs would allow for data to be analyzed using comparison of means between a control group and a treatment group?

Experimental

Dr. Pinkerton is examining whether smoking has an effect on telomere length. Dr. Pinkerton is working under which theory?

Genetic limits

Carlo is 71-years-old, has been a lifelong smoker, and lived in urban areas for most of his life. Compared to his 23-year-old granddaughter, what is most likely to be true about Carlo?

He has less taste receptors in his mouth.

Damon's personality is high in neuroticism and low in agreeableness. What can be said of his likely behavior in a relationship?

He is likely to exhibit behaviors that are destructive in his relationships

What broad conclusions can be drawn about aging from this section of the course?

Health related choices that are made during life impact the success of aging

Brawny has always planned to go into the family dairy business when he graduated from college, but he decides to apply to medical school instead. This change reflects which aspect of emerging adulthood?

Identity exploration

How could socioeconomic status (SES) of a person's family impact that person's experience of aging?

If a person has parents who work a blue collar job and that person also goes into blue collar work they may have physical problems or feel "beat up" by that work over time.

According to this graph, which of the following is true of extraversion across the lifespan? (bar graph blue n yellow)

Individuals become less extroverted as they age

What personality factor is more likely to show up in collectivistic societies?

Interpersonal Relatedness

What is a difference between interviews and surveys?

Interviews tend to be open-ended, while surveys are structured.

Which of the following is true about the Life Stress Inventory?

It includes both positive and negative life events

Which of the following is true of Diabetes?

It is caused by the body's inability to metabolize insulin.

What is true of the lifetime prevalence of cancer?

It is higher in men than in women

What is true of obesity in the US?

It is highest in middle age

What is one example of how some countries treat their elderly differently than the US?

Japan celebrating Respect for the Aged Day

What is the fastest growing age segment of the US population?

Late adulthood

__________ data showed that intellectual decline is actually less severe and more gradual than ______________ data showed.

Longitudinal/Cross-sectional

Marilisa, a 70-year-old woman, reports a lack of sexual activity. Which of the following is likely not a possible explanation?

Low self esteem

Marquise's development has been somewhat influenced by the economy and political system since those impact which resources are available to him. These are examples of which one of Bronfenbrenner's systems?

Macrosystem

___ is when a person reframes a stressful situation to focus on the positive or beneficial outcomes.

Meaning-Focused Coping

What is true of the lowering of sexual desire as individuals age?

Men are more likely to cite physical abilities as a barrier

What conclusion cannot be drawn from this graph? blue graph with a pink and a blue line (fe/male))

Men are more likely to die of heart disease than women

Who is likely to be the most satisfied with his work and marriage?

Muhammad, a 59-year-old

Which of the following is true regarding health outcomes across ethnic groups?

Non-Hispanic Whites have the highest rates of anxiety, mood, and substance abuse disorders.

Which of the following is false about hair changes with age?

None of the answer choices are false: Different ethnic groups experience different patterns of hair changes, It can be reversed with medication, Hair loss is as common in men as it is in women

Which of the following is true of the impacts of personality on health?

None of the answer choices are true.: People high in agreeableness are at risk for heart disease, People with high levels of neuroticism tend to live longer, People with low levels of conscientiousness are less likely to get a communicable disease.

What is true of gender differences in the experience of stress?

None of the answer choices are true: Women report less daily stressors than men, Women and men report similar sources of stress, Men are more likely to experience PTSD

Which conclusion can be drawn from this figure regarding exercise and aging? (bar graph showing types of trainging)

None of the answer choices can be drawn from this figure: The older you get the more oxygen you utilize, Non-athletes utilize more oxygen on average than athletes, Age is not related to oxygen usage

According to the ted talk we watched in class, one result of going from the ________ economy to the _______ economy was the _________ in need for education.

manufacturing/knowledge/increase

Cho, a 51-year-old woman, is complaining of hormonal fluctuations, and vaginal dryness. She is most likely experiencing _________

menopause

At what point in development do we see the crossing point between the influence of the social clock and the biological clock?

middle adulthood

Clarence is devastated when his wife of one year passes away from ovarian cancer at age 28. This situation is an example of a ______

nonnormative life event

Tom is a stay-at-home father to his three girls. He is caring and attentive, known for hosting the best tea parties on the block. This situation is an example of which key concept from the life-span developmental approach?

plasticity

Kanya is a warm, compassionate woman who enjoys conversations with her childhood friends. She takes their happiness seriously and feels responsible as a friend. Kanya is demonstrating good __________ health.

psychological

It is possible to ___________ declines in intellectual abilities with increased ___________

reverse, physical exercise

According to the TED Talk we watched in class, what factors could impact how someone responds to the concept of emerging adulthood?

their age cohort

Jennifer is a female US citizen whose household income is in the 50th percentile. What is Jennifer's approximate life expectancy at age 40?

85

Which conclusions can be drawn from the life expectancy data shown? (two world maps, top one red/orange/yellow, bottom one green, blue, yellow)

Sociocultural factors impact life expectancy.

Roberto has been an extrovert since childhood and loves going to parties, socializing and talking to friends on the phone. These traits are examples of what concept in developmental psychology?

Stability

What did researchers find happened to the hippocampus of rats who were stressed in the laboratory?

Stressed rats still made new neurons in the hippocampus, but those neurons didn't survive at the same rate 1 week later

A cell has stopped dividing and is no longer functioning correctly. What can be said about this cell?

The cell has reached its Hayflick limit

According to General Adaptation Syndrome, what is likely to happen next in this graphic? (line,dip,upcurve)

The individual will enter the exhaustion phase.

AS DISCUSSED IN CLASS, which of the following would be an example of the third variable problem in correlational analyses?

The more ice cream consumption, the more shark attacks, with the third variable being summertime.

How did one of your peers express how they expect to care for their elderly parents when the time come?

Their Latinex parents will live with them as a way to "give back or IOU" for having raised them.

What is the consequence of a person being different "ages" at the same time?

There could be both positive and negative consequences

Ming notices that her hair is going gray and Marcus is getting excited about his retirement coming up at age 65. What do these two events have in common?

They are both normative age-graded influences.

What is true of short term and working memory decline with age?

They both decline with age, but the decline is steeper for working memory

On a day-to-day basis, how does the heart of an older person compare to one of a younger person?

They both work just about the same.

What is false of bone changes with aging?

They can be easily reversed

As discussed in class, what is a possible con of the positivity bias seen in older adults?

They may not see other people's bad intentions and can get scammed

What is the most likely result of a person going through a traumatic life event?

They show resilience

A certain individual is 45 years old, is likely to develop cardiovascular disease, has a substance-related disorder, is at greater risk of committing suicide, and will only live to be 65. What is likely true of this individual?

This individual is male.

What type of research could best show the heritability of a trait?

Twin studies

According to the TED talk we watched in class, which two factors impacted the development of emerging adulthood?

Women's Movement and Sexual Revolution

What is true of the difference between how younger and older participants performed on a prospective memory task?

Young adults performed prospective memory tasks better than older adults, and all participants did better when given cues.

Jen was a teenage mom, became a grandmother at age 40, and was pregnant at the same time as her daughter who was also a teen mom. Jen's experience is an example of _____________ stages.

atypical

Brooke is excited to celebrate her 21st birthday with her friends and family! They go out to dinner, and she is thrilled to finally order an alcoholic drink, which she has never been able to do before because she was too young. This situation is an example of ______________ age.

chronological

Sally conducts a survey and finds that as the age of her participants increases, the more conservative their viewpoints become. This is an example of which type of analysis?

correlational

Horace has the gene for celiacs disease, but it is not expressed until he has a traumatic blood draw at the doctor's office at the age of 8. This situation is an example of _____

epigenetic inheritance

AS DISCUSSED IN CLASS, which of the following trajectories would best describe the development of language learning?

graph showing a positive curved line that looks like the top left half of an O

What visual problem could be caused by an age related loss of elasticity of the lens of the eye?

inability to focus on nearby objects

What factors are often used to calculate a person's socioeconomic status?

income and education

Barbara enlisted in the military in her early 20s, leading her to relocate every 2-3 years. She met her partner while she was deployed overseas. In her early 30s, they married but decided to postpone having children so that she could enroll in college. She felt awkward at times because she was older than the other students in her classes. These experiences could be considered which of the following aspects of adulthood?

individual differences

What is one way that visual changes impact the experience of aging?

losing your ablity to drive and remain independent

Which of the following can be a cause for sexual dysfunction with age?

All of the answer choices: Loss of a partner, Loss of privacy based on changing living situations, Erectile Dysfunction

Roberto is 75 years old, has neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaque in his brain tissues, and has serious symptoms of dementia. What is a likely diagnosis for him?

Alzheimers Disease

In the TED talk we watched in class regarding childhood trauma's impact on health, the speaker said that having more than 4 ACES was related to which of the following?

An increased risk of suicide

Who is most likely to be considered "successfully aging"?

Anita, a 59-year-old who eats a Mediterranean diet and practices yoga three times a week

Jermaine is not able to remember his favorite actor's name when talking with some friends. Jermaine is suffering from a lapse in ____________ memory.

Semantic

What is the difference between a personality trait and a personality factor?

A personality factor is a group of traits

A stressor that has a definite beginning and end is called ______

A short-term life event

According to Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome, what must happen for a person to enter the Resistance Phase?

A stressor must continue for an extended period of time.

Which of the following is an example of a person's "ages" not being the same?

A teen mother starting to party in her late 20s because she couldn't when she was younger because she had her baby.

What are ACEs?

Adverse Childhood Experiences

What is the correct order of the stages of Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome?

Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion

Which of the following is a type of coping behavior?

All answer choices are examples of coping behaviors: Positive reframing, Denial, Use of instrumental support

Which factor puts individuals at risk for cognitive decline?

All answer choices are true: Having less formal schooling, Being socially isolated, Being physically inactive

Bob and Bill are identical twins in their 60s. Bob looks much older than Bill; what is likely to be true?

Bob has a more sedentary lifestyle than Bill

What is true of both the theory of oxidative damage and the theory of genetic limits?

Both theories explain why we physically age

Which of the following is not a possible explanation for why there is a more substantial decline in working memory with age?

Older people are more prone to neurological decline that impacts the parts of the brain that control memory

What are the five personality factors in the Five-Factor Model?

Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism

What aspect of our lives are impacted by our personalities?

Our choice of relationship partners

Which of the following statement about personality is false?

Personality is unchanging throughout life.

What principle about memory during aging is depicted by this graph? (bar graph age group n images, yellow,blue,green)

Positivity Bias

What is the main difference between primary aging and secondary aging?

Primary aging characteristics tend to happen to everyone, and secondary aging characteristics only happen to some people.