Exam Review Chapter 1-3 questions, Ch. 1 Lecture Assignment Human A&P part 1

The upper midportion of the abdomen is called the ____. -iliac -hypochondriac -epigastric -metabdominal -hypogastric

epigastric

Which of the following is not true concerning the female reproductive system? -It maintains female sex cells. -It supports development of embryos. -It transports the female sex cells. -It supports development of fetuses. -It functions in breastfeeding.

it functions in breastfeeding

A parietal layer of serous membrane _______, whereas a visceral layer of a serous membrane ________. -covers organs; lines cavities -none of the above -lines cavities; covers organs -secretes mucus; secretes a serous fluid -is thick; is thin

lines cavities; covers organs

Wrinkled and sagging skin results from

loss of subcutaneous fat and less elastin and collagen.

Metabolism is defined as the _____. -physical and chemical changes occurring in an organism. -breakdown of substances into simpler forms. -removal of wastes produced by chemical reactions. -rate at which a person gains weight. -production of new organisms.

physical and chemical changes occurring in an organism.

An investigator who conducts an experiment to determine how temperature changes affect the rate at which the heart beats is most likely a(n) -biochemist. -chemist. -anatomist. -exterminator. -physiologist.

physiologist

a blood clot stimulating further clotting is an example of -negative feedback -homeostasis -a vital sign -a disease state -positive feedback

positive feedback

Which action requires the muscular system? -Formation of cells -Coordination of body parts -Extracting energy from nutrients -Production of body heat -Circulating nutrients to tissues

production of body heat

Magnetic resonance imaging uses

radio antennae.

Which organ system produces blood cells? -Skeletal -Muscular -Circulatory -Reproductive -Endocrine

skeletal

Homeostatic mechanisms are said to act by negative feedback because changes away from the normal state

stimulate changes in the opposite direction.

Two anatomical terms that refer to features near the surface are -superficial and peripheral. -superficial and deep. -distal and proximal. -epithelial and epidermal. -anterior and posterior.

superficial and peripheral

The thoracic cavity lies _____________ to the abdominopelvic cavity. -superior -dorsal (posterior) -inferior -inside -ventral (anterior)

superior

Homeostasis is the -maintenance of a constant external temperature inside a room. -ability of the blood to circulate nutrients. -tendency of the body to maintain a stable environment. -ingestion of enough food to satisfy hunger. -ability to keep body weight within normal limits.

tendency of the body to maintain a stable environment

Chemistry is important to the study of physiology because A. the foods that we eat are chemicals. B. body functions depend on cellular functions that reflect chemical changes. C. chemical reactions enable our bodies to extract energy from nutrients. D. all of the above.

D. All of the above

What characteristic do simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion share? A. Both require cellular energy for the transport of substances. B. Both move water across a semipermeable membrane. C. Both require a special carrier molecule to move substances across the membrane. D. Both move a substance from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration without cellular energy.

D. Both move a substance from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration without cellular energy.

Which of the following transport processes does not require expenditure of cellular energy? A. Phagocytosis B. Active transport C. Pinocytosis D. Facilitated diffusion

D. Facilitated diffusion

Which of the following is characteristic of carbohydrates? A. They contain C, H, O, with twice as many hydrogen as oxygen atoms. B. They provide much of the energy that the cell requires. C. They include sugars and starches. D. all of the above.

D. all of the above.

The relationship of osmotic pressure and the number of solute particles in a solution is the A. lower the number of solute particles, the greater the osmotic pressure. B. greater the number of solute particles, the lower the osmotic pressure. C. greater the osmotic pressure, the lower the number of solute particles. D. greater the number of solute particles, the greater the osmotic pressure.

D. greater the number of solute particles, the greater the osmotic pressure.

An anatomical section that separates the body into right and left portions is a __________ section. A. frontal B. transverse C. coronal D. sagittal

D. sagittal

In all organisms, the basic unit of structure and function is A. the atom. B. the molecule. C. the macromolecule. D. the cell.

D. the cell.

The three major parts of a cell are A.the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and vesicles. B. the nucleus, nucleolus, and nuclear envelope. C. microtubules, ribosomes, and centrosomes. D. the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane.

D. the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane.

All cell types divide at the same rate. True False

false

During interphase, a cell rests. True False

false

Agriculture changed the types of health problems that people experienced -not at all. -from more than a million years ago. -from 6,000 to 10,000 years ago. -from 600,000 to a million years ago. -from 200 to 300 years ago.

from 6,000 to 10,000 years ago

The term "physiology" means -maintaining homeostasis. -physical shape. -relationship to nature. -mechanisms of action in the body. -function of the structure.

function of the structure

cell death first occurs -in the fetus -at puberty -at age 50 -at age 60 -at conception

in the fetus

Maintaining a stable internal environment typically requires -energy input. -inadequate nutrition. -positive feedback. -a source of external heat. -negative feedback

negative feedback

One characteristic that centenarians share is -a high level of exercise throughout life. -having taken tango lessons. -never having smoked. -long-lived relatives. -following the Mediterranean diet.

never having smoked

Discovery of taste receptors that detect sweetness in the small intestines illustrates the fact that -we can taste throughout our digestive systems -the researchers made an error -new discoveries about anatomy and physiology are being made -gene expression profiling is very valuable in describing physiology at the molecular level -none of the above

new discoveries about anatomy and physiology are still being made

The activities of an anatomist consist of ______, whereas those of a physiologist consist of _____. -observing body parts; studying functions of body parts -studying chemical molecules; observing forms of the body parts -conducting experiments; making microscopic examinations -none of the above -sketching; dissecting

observing body parts; studying functions of body parts

A medication to lower blood pressure works very effectively in a 32-year-old, but not in her 68-year-old mother. A reason for this could be that -the two individuals have different medical conditions. -a woman over age 65 has naturally low blood pressure. -the mother has a lower metabolic rate than her daughter. -the older woman weighs less than the younger woman. -older people metabolize some drugs at different rates than do younger people.

older people metabolize some drugs at different rates than do younger people.

Agriculture and urbanization brought new health problems because -people became less active and ate fewer wild plants. -farming meant that people were no longer exposed to parasites in fertilizer. -all of the above -infection spread faster as people lived farther apart. -the food was genetically modified.

people became less active and ate fewer wild plants

Which of the following is not an example of a homeostatic mechanism in the human body? -increasing heart rate and contraction force when blood pressure fails. -secreting insulin after a meal to decrease blood sugar concentration. -release of a hormone that causes the body to conserve water when the outside environment is extremely hot and dry. -pulling blankets over yourself when cold at night. -shivering when body temperature falls below normal limits.

pulling blankets over yourself when cold at night

Homeostasis exists if concentrations of water, nutrients, and oxygen in body parts and heat and pressure ____________. -remain perfectly static and do not vary -increase when the body is stressed -fluctuate greatly between very high and low values -disappear -remain within certain limited ranges

remain within certain limited ranges

Which of the following processes does not help to maintain the life of an individual organism? -respiration -movement -responsiveness -reproduction -metabolism

reproduction

Which of the following processes is necessary to ensure the continuation of the human species? -responsiveness -metabolism -reproduction -movement -respiration

reproduction

The ability of an organism to sense changes in its body illustrates -responsiveness. -movement. -absorption. -respiration. -empathy.

responsiveness

Dr. Jacoby, an obstetrician, tells 42-year-old Emily that she can have a healthy baby, but that she is of "advanced maternal age." Emily is so upset that she fails to listen to the rest of the doctor's advice, goes home in a huff, and immediately dyes her hair, buys a miniskirt, and signs up for botox injections to smooth the tiny lines near her eyes. Emily is misinterpreting the doctor's statement because it referred to -Emily's risk of developing diabetes -the age of the sperm -Emily's cholesterol level, not her appearance -the state of Emily's brain -the age of Emily's eggs

the age of Emily's eggs

in all organisms, the basic unit of structure and function is -the atom -the cell -the molecule -the macromolecule -the spleen

the cell

Which of the following organs is in the abdominopelvic cavity?

the kidneys

Which of the following organs is in the abdominopelvic cavity? -the eyes -the trachea -the thymus gland -the kidneys -the heart

the kidneys

When the body is placed in the anatomical position, which of the following is not true? -The face is forward. -The palms are facing backward. -The head is bowed. -The body is erect. -The arms are at the sides.

the palms are facing backwards

Which of the following is not true of organelles? -They are found in many types of cells. -They carry on specific activities. -They are only in cells of humans. -They are composed of aggregates of large molecules. -They subdivide the cell.

they are only in cells of humans

Simple Squamous epithelium is and example of an -organ system -organ -molecule -tissue -biochemical

tissue

Specialized cell types organized in a way that provides a specific function form -tissues, which build organs. -atoms, which comprise tissues. -blood cells and plasma, which form blood. -organ systems, which build tissues. -organs, which build tissues.

tissues, which build organs.

How do living organisms use oxygen? -To release energy stored in the molecules of food. -To provide energy. -To keep the reproductive system functioning. -To produce water that is necessary to hydrate the body. -To control heat production.

to release energy stored in the molecules of food

Microfilaments and microtubules are part of the cytoskeleton. True False

true

The process by which cells specialize is called differentiation. True False

true

Positive feedback mechanisms usually produce

unstable conditions.

Paired organs, such as the kidneys or lungs, are said to be -bilateral. -bivalent -bicyclic -bisexual. -bilingual.

bilateral

Assimilation is

changing absorbed substances into different chemical forms.

in some medical schools, cadaver dissection is supplemented with -dissections that students perform on themselves -reading Wikipedia -dissections that students perform on volunteers -watching television crime dramas that depict autopsies -computerized scans of cadavers organized into databases

computerized scans of cadavers organized into databases

Which of the following substances is an element? A. Iron B. Water C. Sodium chloride D. Glucose

A. Iron

A person with alkalosis has a blood pH less than 7.3. True False

False

Which of the following groups of elements account for more than 95% of the human body by weight? A. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen B. Calcium, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen C. Carbon, phosphorus, oxygen, hydrogen D. Calcium, phosphorus, hydrogen, nitrogen

A. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

In phagocytosis A. a cell membrane engulfs solid particles. B. a particle enters a cell by moving down its concentration gradient. C. a cell membrane engulfs droplets. D. a carrier molecule moves a substance across a cell membrane using ATP.

A. a cell membrane engulfs solid particles.

The organelle where energy is captured and stored in the chemical bonds of ATP is a A. mitochondrion. B. ribosome. C. peroxisome. D. Golgi apparatus.

A. mitochondrion.

Which of the following correctly describes the structural organization of the cell membrane? A. A solid, rigid layer of phospholipid with loosely bound protein molecules B. A bilayer of phospholipid molecules in which protein molecules are embedded and can move C. Rigid layers of protein molecules in which carbohydrate molecules are suspended D. Three layers; lipid on the inside, protein in the middle, and carbohydrates (and polysaccharides) on the outside

B. A bilayer of phospholipid molecules in which protein molecules are embedded and can move

A chemical reaction in which parts of different molecules trade positions is a(n) A. decomposition reaction. B. exchange reaction. C. reversible reaction. D. synthesis reaction.

B. Exchange Reaction

Which of the following groups of compounds is hydrophobic? A. Carbohydrates B. Lipids C. Proteins D. Nucleic Acids

B. Lipids

Which of the following is not true of organelles? A.They carry on specific activities. B. They are only in cells of humans. C. They are composed of aggregates of large molecules. D. They are found in many types of cells.

B. They are only in cells of humans.

Which of the following is the most abundant inorganic substance in the body? A. Carbohydrate B. Water C. Lipid D. Protein

B. Water

In a covalent bond A. one atom loses and another atom gains electrons. B. atoms share a pair or more of electrons. C. oppositely charged atoms attract. D. like-charged atoms repel.

B. atoms share a pair or more of electrons.

A protein that spans the cell membrane is termed a(n) A. receptor protein. B. integral protein. C. peripheral protein. D. anchoring protein.

B. integral protein.

Chromosomes duplicate during A. prophase. B. interphase. C. metaphase. D. telophase.

B. interphase.

Electrolytes are substances that A. form covalent bonds with water. B. ionize in water. C. cannot conduct electricity in solution. D. form bonds that are stable in water.

B. ionize in water.

A parietal layer of a serous membrane _______, whereas a visceral layer of a serous membrane ________. A. covers organs; lines cavities B. lines cavities; covers organs C. secretes serous fluid; secretes mucus D. secretes mucus; secretes a serous fluid

B. lines cavities; covers organs

Cancer can result if A. mitosis is too infrequent. B. mitosis is too frequent or does not stop. C. the cell cycle runs backward. D. the cell cycle stops.

B. mitosis is too frequent or does not stop.

When the body is placed in the anatomical position, which of the following is not true? A. The head is facing to the front. B. The palms are facing backward. C. The body is erect. D. The upper limbs are at the sides.

B.The palms are facing backward.

Which of the following are vital signs? Visual acuity and auditory sharpness None of the above Ability to take a multiple choice exam and short-term memory Quality of the skin, red blood cell count, oxygen level Body temperature, blood pressure, and pulse rate

Body temperature, blood pressure, and pulse rate

Which action is the main function of the digestive system? A. Formation of cells B. Movement of body parts C. Absorption of nutrients D. Providing oxygen for the extraction of energy from nutrients

C. Absorption of nutrients

The ability of an organism to sense and react to changes in its body illustrates A. circulation. B. respiration. C. responsiveness. D. absorption.

C. Responsiveness

The difference in hydrogen ion concentration between solutions with pH 4 and pH 5 is A. twofold. B. fivefold. C. tenfold. D. twentyfold.

C. Tenfold

Consider the following list of commonly found items and their pH values: Battery acid 1.0 Vinegar 2.2 Grapes 3.5-4.5 Tomato 4.0-4.5 Beer 4.2 Coffee 5.0 White Bread 5.0-6.0 Butter 6.1-6.4 Egg Whites 7.6 - 8.0 Baking Soda 8.3 Milk of Magnesia 10.6 Bleach 12.8 Which of these includes all acids? A. Egg whites, baking soda, milk of magnesia, and bleach B. Tomatoes, egg whites, and baking soda C. Vinegar, grapes, tomatoes, and coffee D. Beer, butter, and baking soda

C. Vinegar, grapes, tomatoes, and coffee

Nucleic acids are A. very small, simple molecules. B. structural molecules that have no function other than support. C.composed of building blocks called nucleotides. D.primary sources of cellular energy.

C. composed of building blocks called nucleotides.

Saturated fats _______ than unsaturated fats. A. contain more water B. have more glycerol C. have more single carbon-carbon bonds D. have fewer hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms

C. have more single-carbon bonds

Signs of aging at the cellular level are A. graying hair, waning strength, and wrinkles. B. unrepaired DNA and abnormal proteins. C. impaired cell division and the ability to break down and recycle worn cell parts. D. a fatty liver and clogged blood vessels.

C. impaired cell division and the ability to break down and recycle worn cell parts.

Stages of the cell cycle unfold in the following order: A. differentiation, cytoplasmic division, mitosis, interphase B. interphase, differentiation, cytoplasmic division, mitosis C. interphase, mitosis, cytoplasmic division, differentiation D. mitosis, interphase, cytoplasmic division, differentiation

C. interphase, mitosis, cytoplasmic division, differentiation

The atoms of the isotopes of a particular element vary in the number of A. electrons. B. protons. C. neutrons. D. nuclei.

C. neutrons

A cell that can divide to give rise to any cell type is A. pluripotent. B. multipotent. C. totipotent. D. a differentiated cell.

C. totipotent.

The digestive system filters wastes from the blood. True False

False

The elbow is distal to the wrist. True False

False

The number of protons in an atom of an element always equals its atomic weight. True False

False

The oral, nasal, orbital, and middle ear cavities are in the dorsal cavity. True False

False

Which of the following lists best illustrates the idea of increasing levels of complexity? -Organs, organelles, organ systems, cells, tissues -Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems -Cells, organelles, organs, tissues -Cells, tissues, organelles, organs, organ systems -Tissues, cells, organs, organelles, organ systems

Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

Which of the following characteristics of life and their descriptions are correct? -Respiration-changing absorbed substances into forms that are chemically different from those that entered the body fluids -Assimilation-obtaining and using oxygen to release energy from food -Responsiveness-sensing changes inside or outside the body and reacting to them -Circulation-the movement of the body as a whole -Reproduction-replicating the genetic material.

Responsiveness-sensing changes inside or outside the body and reacting to them

Which of the following characteristics of life and their descriptions are correct? A. Responsiveness-obtaining and using oxygen to release energy from food B. Assimilation-sensing changes inside or outside the body and reacting to them C. Respiration-changing absorbed substances into forms that are chemically different from those that entered the body fluids D. Circulation-the movement of substances in body fluids

Responsiveness-sensing changes inside or outside the body and reacting to them

Which of the following is not part of the female reproductive system? -The uterine tube -The bulbourethral gland -The uterus -The vulva -The cervix.

The bulbourethral gland

Cilia and flagella extend from certain cells, enabling them to move. True False

True

The ears are lateral to the eyes. True False

True

The symbol Na+ represents a sodium atom that has lost an electron. True False

True

Cosmetic products that promise to reverse aging, or claim to be "anti-aging," are not being truthful, in a scientific sense, because - aging is inherited. - aging is the passage of time and the accompanying bodily changes. - not everyone ages at the same rate. - men do not generally use cosmetics. - the products do not work.

aging is the passage of time and the accompanying bodily changes

magnetic resonance imaging might be used to -examine an injured knee -obtain a sectional view of the brain -assess damage sustained by the heart -distinguished between normal and cancerous tissue -all of the above

all of the above

Anatomy and physiology are difficult to separate because -physiological functions determine which structures are possible. -they overlap to a great degree. -gene expression identifies proteins in body parts. -new aspects of anatomy and physiology are always being discovered. -anatomical structures determine which functions are possible.

anatomical structures determine which functions are possible.

Positive feedback mechanisms -move conditions away from the normal state. -bring conditions back to the normal state. -usually produce stable conditions. -regulate long term changes.

moves conditions away from the normal state

Most of the terminology to name and describe body parts and their functions comes from -the language of people who lived after agriculture was developed. -the language of hunter-gatherers. -picture drawings on the cave walls of our ancestors. -Latin and Greek. -English and Italian.

latin and greek

which of the following does not illustrate positive feedback control? -epinephrine secretion during immediate danger -blood clotting -uterine contractions at childbirth -maintaining blood pressure

maintaining blood pressure

Ultrasonography is most useful for examining -organs that contain a high concentration of hydrogen at atoms -air-filled organs, such as a lung -compact organs, such as a bone -medium density organs, such as a fetus -microscopic structure

medium density organs, such as a fetus

Physical and chemical changes or reactions in the body are collectively known as -astrology. -excretion. -assimilation. -metabolism. -physiology.

metabolism

The membrane on the surface of a lung is called the -visceral pericardium. -parietal pleura. -epidermis. -parietal pericardium. -visceral pleura.

visceral pleura

Which is an environmental factor that a human body requires? -Water -Carbon dioxide -Wastes -Heat -Light.

water