Exam two study guide POSC

What are the characteristics of political socialization?

-direct process happens when you are socialized by k-12 schools -indirect process happens when experience in your life shapes your views -continuous: the values that we have today will change periodically (20-30 years) throughout life -young tend to be liberal then become more conservative as life goes on.

What are the principles of the free market?

-the means of production are owned by the individual or corporation -deciding where, when, how, and what to produce are carried by individuals or a corporation, no government interference -the price of goods and services produced is determined by supply and demand provided that the market is competitive -the profits from sales of goods and services go to the individual or corporation with government only taking a small percentage

What percentage of the voters identify themselves as independents?

32%

What is the accepted size of a sample in a survey or a poll?

800-1000 people leads to a successful voting size. any lower and the sample error becomes too great. any higher does not reduce sample error

What are soundbites?

A sound bite or soundbite is a short clip of speech or music extracted from a longer piece of audio, often used to promote or exemplify the full length piece. ... Since then, politicians have increasingly employed sound bites to summarize their positions. can probably be used to go after someone as well

What does representative and random referred to in polling?

A survey must accurately represent the demographic of a population. Polls should collect participants randomly

Which social group one the right to vote first?

African American males won the right to vote

Which ethnic groups are heavily Democratic in their party identification?

African Americans, Latinx/hispanic, Jewish, Asian

When did the cozy relationship between the media and politicians end?

After the Vietnam War and the Watergate Scandal, Watchdog role was created

Americans are ambivalent about freedom. What does that mean?

Ambivalent means having contradictory feels about someone or something. Americans are ambivalent in their support of freedom and liberty, they support freedom in the abstract, but not in particular instances.

Compared to their European counterparts are Americans more or less religious?

Americans are just as if not more religious

What type of equality do Americans believe in?

Americans believe in equality of opportunity and not equality of results.

What type of government spending do America's not support?

Americans do not support spending on defense, welfare, foreign aide, or space program.

What type of government spending to America's support?

Americans have consistently supported government spending on fighting crime, education, healthcare, environment.

Are American less or more patriotic than their European counterparts?

Americans tend to be more patriotic than Europeans

Which ethnic group is fast growing but is the least politically active?

Asians

Who is least likely to vote?

Asians are least likely to vote despite having on average the largest income.

What are the five or six multinational corporations that control US media?

Comcast NBCSN, Disney, CBS, AT&T, News corp.

What is the second best predictor of voting?

Education or income

Who is more tolerant of the homosexual lifestyle Americans or Europeans?

Europeans

What is the first agent of socialization in a child's life?

Family teaches two politically relevant values: 1. attitude towards authority and 2. Political party ID

On what issues is there a gender gap?

Favor an activist role for government Oppose U.S. military intervention Support restrictions on firearms Support spending on social programs Support affirmative action

What rights does the first amendment guarantee?

Freedom of speech, freedom for the press, freedom of religion, right to assemble, right to protest

What did journalist Robert Stinnett discover about the Pearl Harbor attack?

He discovered the FDR was aware of the attack on Peral Harbor and he let it happen. He and his cabinet wanted Japan to attack first so they could join the war.

Why did President Roosevelt become silent during the last minute of a radio address during a reelection campaign?

He wanted his listeners to think that the signal was lost so they would change the channel before hearing his republican opponent speak after him.

Why is it hard for the US federal government control the Internet?

Internet is global, government is not In US, information published on the internet is protected by the first amendment

What does tight gun control reflect in Japanese political culture?

Japan has drastically decreased gun deaths by having tight gun control

What is the most common political ideology among freshmen students in college?

Liberalism, socialism

Did Lincoln believe in the equality between white and black people?

Lincoln did not think it was possible to whites and balcks to be equal

What does the combination of low levels of political knowledge and high levels of patriotism lead to?

Low levels of political knowledge and high levels of patriotism allows elites to easily manipulate the masses into war.

What is more important when the TV media covers elections, image or substance?

Media is more concerned with the image a politician as rather than substance

When it comes to television where do Americans get their news from?

Most Americans get their news from local TV news stations over national news stations

What are your three most prestigious newspapers in the United States?

New York Times, Washington Post, Wall Street Journal

How does individualism impact American thinking about poverty?

People believe in equality of opportunity not equality of results

Why do Americans trust television a great deal?

People trust TV because the visuals leave a greater impact on the mind

What is meant by vanishing voters?

People who register but dont vote

What is political alienation?

Political alienation is the belief that politics is irrelevant to one's life and that one cannot personally affect public affairs.

Which groups do Americans want to deny the right to teach in a classroom?

Radical muslims

What agent of socialization influences your views on abortion and homosexuality?

Religion

Which political party do white Southerners identify with today?

Republican

What are salient issues?

Salient issues are political issues that have lots of attention

What do Americans schools socialize kids into?

Schools are designed to promote obedient citizens, and to teach children to accept political system and its authority. -direct: forcing children to participate in political exercises -indirect: historical myths

What has happened to political party identification since 1950?

Since the 195os, the percentage of the population that has identified as independent rose from 20% to 39% today

Was Lincoln primarily concerned about preserving the union or freeing the slaves?

The Union

What does corporate controlled media care about the most?

The corporate controlled media is there to socialize you into a culture of consumption

Why did the Democratic Party lose support in Southern states?

The democratic party lost support in southern states after it became a party in support of civil rights

Has the US federal government increased or restricted the media has to access to the battlefield?

The government has restricted access to the battle field

Where do Americans get the majority of their political information from?

The internet

What two inventions created the mass circulation newspaper of today?

The printing press cheapened the cost of production, the telegraph quickened the spread of news.

What is the role of watchdog?

The role of the watchdog is to report on official wrong doings by the government.

What story is told about George Washington in schools to socialize children?

The story of George Washington and the Cherry tree was probably not true. It was probably conceived to manipulate the public into think the president doesn't lie

What is the strongest single predictor for voting?

The strongest predictor of voting is level of income. the lower the income, the more liberal one is on economic issues. or education

What is the relationship between the tolerance of extreme views and education?

Those that have extreme views tend to be less educated

Which social group is the most tolerant of homosexuals?

Those who are eductaed

Among similarly advanced country is in the US individualistic?

US ranks high on being individualistic

According to the "Gini index" which country is ranked first in income inequality?

United States

Whose right to vote did the 19th amendment guarantee?

Women's suffrage

Is there a gender gap on political party identification?

Yes, more women than men tend to belong to the democratic party

What is the definition of public opinion?

attitude of citizens on issues of the day (collective) ex. gay marriage, abortion, weed, gun control

What do surveys reveal about American support for abortion?

between 50-60 percent of Americans have consistently supported abortion for medical reasons. 20-30 percent support abortion on demand. 10-20 percent wan to ban abortion altogether.

What is the margin of error?

every survey publishes two numbers. one is the number of respondents and the other is a +/- number

What has happened to a newspaper readership since 1991?

fighting for existence, internet has taken over

Most Americans believe that a Republican or a Democratic president will have _____ _____ on their lives.

greatest impact

Why does a healthy middle-class lead to the rise magazine publishing?

healthy middle class means that the MC has more disposable income and therefor more money to spend on hobbies.

What is the ideology of most university professors?

liberal

What is the job of the FCC?

mandates that Tv and radio stations are licensed every 5-7 years and that they refrain from profanities and indecency in their content.

Which primary does a candidate have to win to become the designated front runner?

open primary

A child's political party identification is usually similar to their _______.

parents

What are poll taxes?

poll taxes are taxes that a indidual has other than income tax

In the early years of the United States, who had the right to vote?

property owning white males

What do libertarians, liberals, conservatives, and populists believe in?

see chart

What is religious fundamentalism?

someone who believes that their book of worship is literally true, verbatim.

What social issues do people oppose if they have a literal interpretation of their book of worship?

studies show that gay rights, abortion rights, and the legalization of weed toned to be associated with religion.

What is the halo effect?

survey takers must avoid the halo effect: the tendency of a respondent to give politically and socially responsible answers

What do surveys reveal about the level of political knowledge among Americans?

surveys reveal a low level of political knowledge and high levels of patriotism.

Does television change or reinforce behaviors?

television reinforces behaviors

What is political socialization?

the GRADUAL process of acquiring our political culture, learning the values and beliefs that are dominant in a society

What is political equality?

the action of searching out and publicizing scandalous information about famous people in an underhanded way.

What is the equality of results?

the belief that government should actively reduce income and wealth inequality in a society

What is individualism?

the belief that your success or failure in life is in large part due to your own efforts. Places rights and liberties of an individual ahead of those of a community

What is self-censorship?

the exercising of control over what one says and does, especially to avoid castigation.

Why are Blacks and Hispanics liberal on economic issues?

the groups tend to have lower incomes

What is the relationship between the rise of the middle class and magazine publishing?

the middle class has disposable income, part of that is spent on the future and the other part on hobbies. Magazines are published to inform the public about their hobbies

Why do voters identify themselves as independents?

they dont affiliate with the democratic or republican parties.

Why should we use professional interviewers when conducting surveys?

those who oversee surveys must be trained professionals who do not use their voice or facial expressions to lead or mislead a participant.

What is scorekeeping?

when media treats politics like a game

What is a horse race coverage of elections?

when media treats politics like a game or horse race. Terms like neck and neck, front runner, gaining momentum

What are the demographics of Internet usage?

young people tend to use more internet than old people. All races and all gender use the internet equally. those with higher income use the internet more.