Exercise 33 Review Sheet- Human Cardiovascular Physiology: Blood Pressure and Pulse Determinations
what is the time interval of an atrial contraction?
0.1 seconds
what is the time interval of ventricular contraction?
0.3 seconds
how long is the quiescent period?
0.4 seconds
if an individual's heart rate is 80 beats/min, what is the length of the cardiac cycle?
0.75 seconds 60(seconds)/ 80(bpm)= 0.75 seconds
what is the length of the normal cardiac cycle?
0.8 seconds
the first heart sound is a result of the closure of the...
AV valves
2 monosyllables describing heart sounds are called
Lup and Dup
what 2 factors promote the movement of blood through the heart?
The alternating contraction and relaxation of the chambers and the opening and closing of the valves which is dependent on volume and pressure changes within the chambers
when you were palpating the various pulse or pressure points, which appeared to have the greatest amplitude or tension? And Why?
The pulse points closest to the heart are going to have the greatest amplitude - the vessels closest to the aorta have the highest pressure and the pressure (i.e. the strength of the pulse) decreases the further away you go
how can you tell by observation whether bleeding is arterial or venous?
arterial blood spurts under higher pressure, while venous blood has a more constant, lower pressure flow
the chambers that have just emptied after the first sound is the...
atria
immediately after the second heart sound both _________ and ________ are filling up with blood.
atria and ventricles
describe the pressure difference that causes the AV valves to open
atrial pressure exceeds ventricular pressure
What pressure point do you use for bleeding in the forearm?
brachial artery
Identify the artery palpated at the side of the neck
common carotid
Identify the artery palpated on the dorsal of the foot
dorsalis pedis
cardiac cycle
equivalent to one complete heart beat, during which both atria and ventricles contract and then relax
Identify the artery palpated in front of the ear
facial artery
What pressure point do you use for bleeding in the thigh?
femoral artery
What phase of the cardiac cycle does the diastolic pressure reflect?
isovolumetric relaxation and ventricular filling
are both sets of valves open during any part of the cycle?
no
describe the procedure to take the pulse
palpating a superficial artery and compressing it over a bone/firm tissue
What pressure point do you use for bleeding in the calf?
popliteal artery
you may sometimes observe a slight difference between the value obtained from an apical pulse (bpm) and that from an arterial pulse taken elsewhere on the body. what is this difference called?
pulse deficit- lag in time as blood flows from the heart to the large arteries where you actually feel the pulse
Identify the artery palpated at the wrist
radial artery
What pressure point do you use for bleeding in the thumb?
radial artery
the second heart sound is a result of the closure of the
semilunar valves
what instrument do you use to take a blood pressure?
sphygmomanometer
define pulse
the alternating surges of pressure in an artery that occur with each contraction and relaxation of the left ventricle
What event results in the pressure deflection called the dicrotic notch?
the aortic valve snapping shut
how is blood pressure measured using a sphygmomanometer?
the cuff is placed around the upper arm and the stethoscope is slid underneath the cuff but over the brachial artery - the cuff is inflated over 120 mm Hg to cut off blood flow through the artery - as the pressure is released the stethoscope is used to listen for the tapping sounds indicating when blood flow resumes (systolic) and then returns to free flowing through open artery (diastolic)
define blood pressure
the pressure the blood exerts against any unit area of the blood vessel walls
What portion of the cardiac cycle decreases with a more rapid heart rate?
the quiescent period (when both atria and ventricles are diastole)
the heart chambers that have just been filled when you hear the first heart sound is the...
ventricles
systole
ventricular contraction
What phase of the cardiac cycle does the systolic pressure reflect?
ventricular ejection
during which phase in the cardiac cycle is the pressure in the left ventricle the highest?
ventricular ejection
during which phase of the cardiac cycle are the semilunar valves open?
ventricular ejection
during which phase of the cardiac cycle are the AV valves closed?
ventricular filling
what event causes the semilunar valves to open?
ventricular pressure exceeds pressure in the great vessels
diastole
ventricular relaxation
what are the sounds of korotkoff?
when the pressure cuff is released and blood flow returns to the brachial artery, the blood can be heard spurting through the vessel as soft tapping sounds - the systolic sound is heard as the blood flow resumes through the partially open artery - the sound disappears when the artery reopens fully and blood is freely flowing (diastolic)
are both sets of valves closed during any part of the cycle?
yes, isovolumetric contraction and isovolumetric relaxation