Experiments

When a Ford Motor Co. dealer in St. Louis tries to reduce his inventory of new cars by offering "two free tickets on American Airlines to anywhere American Airlines flies within the continental United States" to anyone who purchases a new car in February, this is an example of a(n): a. one-shot design b. pretest-posttest control group design c. Solomon four-group design d. posttest-only control group design

a

When subjects in an experiment in which the they were exposed to varying price levels for a product are asked how low they believe the price of the product to be so that the researcher can determine whether or not the subjects perceived "high" and "low" conditions, this is an example of a: a. manipulation check b. reliability assessment c. factor analysis d. surrogate manipulation

a

Which of the following occurs if the sampling units in an experimental cell are somehow different than the units in another cell, and this difference affects the dependent variable? a. systematic or nonsampling error b. sampling error c. experimenter bias d. subject bias

a

Which term refers to an experimental design element that unintentionally provides subjects with hints about the research hypothesis. a. demand characteristic b. Hawthorne effect c. testing effect d. confounding effect

a

The question as to whether the independent variable was the sole cause of the change in the dependent variable is the basic issue in: a. a repeated measures study b. internal validity c. a matching study d. external validity

b

When an experiment is conducted on the premises of a research organization, this is an example of a: a. static group design b. laboratory experiment c. field experiment d. controlled store test

b

When salespeople are tested one year after a sales training program and perform better on the exam, not because of the training program, but because they have gained one year's experience in sales, this is an example of a: a. selection effect b. maturation effect c. history effect d. cohort effect

b

When subjects act differently because they are aware that they are in an experiment, this is called the: a. history effect b. Hawthorne effect c. maturation effect d. repeated measures effect

b

Which experimental design involves manipulating a single independent variable to observe its effect on a single dependent variable? a. primary experimental design b. basic experimental design c. factorial experimental design d. counterbalanced experimental design

b

Which experimental design has the following symbols: Experimental group: R O1 X O2 Control group: R O3 O4 a. one-shot design b. static group design c. posttest-only control group design d. pretest-posttest control group design

d

Which experimental design has the following symbols: Experimental group: R X O1 Control group: R O2 a. static group design b. Solomon four-group design c. one-group pretest-posttest design d. posttest-only control group design

d

Which of the following is a way for a researcher to equally distribute the effects of extraneous variables to all conditions in an experiment? a. confounding b. split sampling c. repeated measures d. randomization

d

Experimental results that show that consumers purchased more when a store had a blue color with bright lights than they did when a store was orange with bright lights but no difference when the lighting was low is an example of which type of effect? a. main b. interaction c. confound d. synergistic

B

Monica is conducting an experiment where all subjects rotate through all of the training programs she is testing. This type of experiment in which an individual subject is exposed to more than one level of an experimental treatment is called: a. between-subjects b. repeated measures c. redundant manipulation d. randomization

B

The experimental difference in means between the different levels of any single experimental variable is referred to as a(n): a. interaction effect b. primary effect c. main effect d. confound

C

Which of the following is the term used to refer to a treatment combination within an experiment? a. level b. link c. cell d. unit

C

A confound in an experiment means that there is an alternative explanation beyond the experimental variables for any observed differences in the dependent variable

T

Categorical variables like a subject's gender or ethnicity are known as which type of variable in experimental research? a. blocking variables b. covariates c. main variables d. confounds

A

When a researcher tries to say that the results of a test market in Indianapolis, Indiana will hold in a national rollout of the new product, this researcher is concerned with: a. internal validity b. the repeated measures effect c. constant error d. external validity

D

Which of the following are possible test units in a business research study? a. people b. sales territories c. strategic business units d. all of the above

D

3. Participants in experimental research are typically referred to as respondents.

F Participants in experimental research are referred to as subjects rather than respondents

When a test market is conducted in five retail stores in Erie, Pennsylvania, this is an example of a laboratory experiment

F Field Experiment

17. The people administering an experiment must be aware of the experimental hypotheses.

F could be double blind

An experimental construct refers to one of the possible levels of an experimental variable manipulation.

F experimental conidtion

One way to reduce demand characteristics is to tell subjects the purpose of the experiment so they will be more willing to participate honestly.

F implement experiment disguise

The question as to whether the experimental treatment was the "sole cause" of the changes in the dependent variable is the basic issue in external validity

F internal validity

When a competitor introduces a 15 percent price cut in order to blunt the effect of a test marketing study, this is an example of a: a. maturation effect b. testing effect c. history effect d. cohort effect

c

When subjects in all experimental groups are exposed to identical conditions except for the differing experimental treatments, this is called: a. the Hawthorne effect b. confounding c. constancy of conditions d. compounding

c

Which experimental design has the following symbols: O1 O2 O3 X O4 O5 O6 a. static group design b. after-only design c. time series design d. pretest-posttest control group design

c

Does package size affect consumption rates in snack products?" is a typical question in what type of research design? a. descriptive research b. time-series research c. experimental research d. phone surveys

c experimental explanatory causal