EXPH Lab Exam 3

Your subject has a cardiac output of 12.7, a heart rate of 141, and a blood pressure of 156/95. What is their mean arterial pressure? (no units required)

115.33

Your subject has a cardiac output of 12, a heart rate of 138, and a blood pressure of 180/72. Estimate their heart's oxygen demand. (do not need units)

24,840

If graph i depicts the changes in a-vO2 difference (y axis) between rest and maximal intensity cycling exercise, what factors could be causing this change? - linear increase from a to b a. an increase in pH b. none of these answers c. loss of plasma volume d. a decrease in arterial pO2 e. two of these answers

C

Draw Graph Out

Check Phone Pictures

ST Segment Elevation

above the isoelectric line, early stages of myocardial infarction

QRS Complex

depolarization of the ventricles

T Wave

repolarization of ventricles

Your subject has an arterial O2 content of 17.5 vols%, a venous O2 of 5.5 vols%, an RR interval of 0.41 sec, and a stroke volume of 99 ml/beat. What is this subject's absolute VO2? calculate to 2 decimal places, no units required

1.74 a-vO2 = (VO2/Q) *100 Q = (60/RR interval) * SV

Your subject has a hemoglobin concentration of 15.7, an SaO2 of 99 VO2 of 1.5 cardiac output of 13.3, a heart rate of 123, and a blood pressure of 175/81. What is their venous O2 content? (must include units )

10.3

Your subject has a hemoglobin concentration of 15.4 g/dL, an SaO2 of 97%, a VO2 of 1.3 cardiac output of 12.3, a heart rate of 137, and a blood pressure of 157/92. What is their a-vO2difference? (no units required)

10.6 a-vO2 diff = (VO2/Q) *100

Your subject has a hemoglobin concentration of 15.7, an SaO2 of 96 VO2 of 1.5 cardiac output of 14.7, a heart rate of 112, and a blood pressure of 149/92. What is their venous O2 content? (must include units )

10.8 a-vO2 diff = (VO2/Q) * 100 arterial = hemoglobin * 1.39 * SaO2 venous = arterial - a-vO2diff

Your subject has a cardiac output of 11.7, a heart rate of 115, and a blood pressure of 162/92. What is their stroke volume in ml/beat? (no units required)

101.7

Your subject has a cardiac output of 12.3, a heart rate of 122, and a blood pressure of 180/65. What is their mean arterial pressure? (no units required)

103.33

Your subject has a cardiac output of 14.0, a heart rate of 131, and a blood pressure of 155/83. What is their stroke volume in ml/beat? (no units required)

106.9

Your subject has a hemoglobin concentration of 15.4 g/dL, an SaO2 of 97%, a VO2 of 1.7 cardiac output of 15.2, a heart rate of 125, and a blood pressure of 141/77. What is theira-vO2difference? (no units required)

11.18

What is a typical maximal exercise stroke volume in an untrained subject? (use ml)

110-150

Your subject has a cardiac output of 14.4, a heart rate of 130, and a blood pressure of 142/88. What is their stroke volume in ml/beat? (no units required)

110.77

Your subject has a cardiac output of 14.6, a heart rate of 161, and a blood pressure of 181/83. What is their mean arterial pressure? (no units required)

115.7

Your subject has a cardiac output of 11.7, a heart rate of 101, and a blood pressure of 140/96. What is their stroke volume in ml/beat? (no units required)

115.8

Your subject has an arterial O2 content of 18.1 vols%, a venous O2 of 5.7 vols%, an RR interval of 0.43 sec, and a stroke volume of 102 ml/beat. What is this subject's a-vO2difference? calculate to 2 decimal places, no units required

12.4

Based on pre-2017 guidelines a systolic blood pressure of __________ mmHg would be classified as pre-hypertensive (more than one acceptable answer)

120-140

Your subject has a cardiac output of 14.7, a heart rate of 132, and a blood pressure of 183/97. What is their mean arterial pressure? (no units required)

125.6

Current guidelines in the United States use an SBP cutoff value of greater than or equal to ____________ to diagnose hypertension. (no units required)

130

You are taking a subject's blood pressure by the auscultatory method. When you have worked with this patient before, their blood pressure is usually around 132/84. You pump the cuff up until the pressure is 152 mmHg. You then release the pressure from the cuff, while listening for changes in sound as the pressure in the cuff gradually becomes lower. The needle on the sphygmomanometer is moving down and is at 133 mmHg when you hear a relatively loud sound, then it becomes a little softer at around 123, then a little louder again around 111, becomes muffled around 98, and then disappears at 83 mmHg. Based on this information what is their systolic blood pressure?

133

Your subject has a stroke volume of 106 ml/beat, a heart rate of 146, and a blood pressure of 152/83. What is their cardiac output in L/min? (no units required)

15.48

What is a typical maximal exercise SBP for an adult female subject?

155

What is a typical maximal exercise SBP for an adult male subject?

165-200

Your subject has a stroke volume of 117 ml/beat, an RR innterval of 0.360, and a blood pressure of 171/85. What is their cardiac output in L/min? (no units required)

19.5

Your subject has a stroke volume of 141 ml/beat, an RR interval of 0.431, and a blood pressure of 156/94. What is their cardiac output in L/min? (no units required)

19.6 Q = SV * HR SV needs to be in L/min HR = 60/RR interval

Your subject has an a-vO2difference of 10.1 vols%, an RR interval of 0.33 sec, and an end diastolic volume of 174.2 ml and an end systolic volume of 51 ml. What is this subject's absolute VO2? calculate to 2 decimal places, no units required

2.26

Your subject has an arterial O2 content of 18.7 vols%, a venous O2 of 5.7 vols%, an RR interval of 0.35 sec, and a stroke volume of 108 ml/beat. What is this subject's absolute VO2? calculate to 2 decimal places, no units required

2.41 a-vO2 diff = arterial - venous Q = SV * (60/RR interval) a-vO2 diff = (VO2/Q) *100

What is a typical resting arterial O2 content of an adult male human with average hemoglobin concentrations and arterial O2 saturation ([Hb] of 15 g/dL and an SaO2 of 98%)? No units required

20.43

What is a typical maximal exercise cardiac output in an untrained subject? (use L)

25

Your subject has a cardiac output of 13, a heart rate of 172, and a blood pressure of 149/82. Estimate their heart's oxygen demand. (do not need units)

25,628

Your subject has a cardiac output of 14, a heart rate of 169, and a blood pressure of 155/88. Estimate their heart's oxygen demand. (do not need units)

26,195

Your subject has a hemoglobin concentration of 15.4, an SaO2 of 97 VO2 of 1.3 cardiac output of 12.7, a heart rate of 155, an end ejection fraction of 66 and a blood pressure of 179/92. What is their end systolic volume in ml? (must include units of ml)

42.1

What is a typical value for cardiac output in a healthy adult human (in L)?

5.0

Your subject has a hemoglobin concentration of 13.9 g/dL, an SaO2 of 99%, a VO2 of 2.0 cardiac output of 14.4, a heart rate of 129, and a blood pressure of 173/81. What is their total peripheral resistance? (no units required)

620.4 TPR = (MAP/Q)*80

What is a typical maximal aerobic exercise DBP for a young, healthy, adult subject?

68

Your subject has a hemoglobin concentration of 15.3, an SaO2 of 97 VO2 of 1.1 cardiac output of 12.0, a heart rate of 110, an end ejection fraction of 61 and a blood pressure of 161/72. What is their end systolic volume in ml? (must include units of ml)

69.75

You are taking a subject's blood pressure by the auscultatory method. When you have worked with this patient before, their blood pressure is usually around 118/74. You pump the cuff up until the pressure is 147 mmHg. You then release the pressure from the cuff, while listening for changes in sound as the pressure in the cuff gradually becomes lower. The needle on the sphygmomanometer is moving down and is at 112 mmHg when you hear a relatively loud sound, then it becomes a little softer at around 104, then a little louder again around 91, becomes muffled around 80, and then disappears at 70 mmHg. Based on this information what is their diastolic blood pressure?

70

What is a typical value for diastolic blood pressure in a healthy adult human?

80

You are taking a subject's blood pressure by the auscultatory method. When you have worked with this patient before, their blood pressure is usually around 132/84. You pump the cuff up until the pressure is 154 mmHg. You then release the pressure from the cuff, while listening for changes in sound as the pressure in the cuff gradually becomes lower. The needle on the sphygmomanometer is moving down and is at 141 mmHg when you hear a relatively loud sound, then it becomes a little softer at around 123, then a little louder again around 112, becomes muffled around 95, and then disappears at 84 mmHg. Based on this information what is their diastolic blood pressure?

84

Your subject has a hemoglobin concentration of 15.4 g/dL, an SaO2 of 97%, a VO2 of 1.2 cardiac output of 13.0, a heart rate of 110, and a blood pressure of 147/98. What is theira-vO2difference? (no units required)

9.23

A systolic blood pressure of __________ mmHg increases the possibility of the subject experiencing syncope

90

Based on pre-2017 guidelines hypertension could be diagnosed based on a diastolic blood pressure __________ mmHg

90

Reproducible Event

Automaticity - pacemaker cells Functional Syncytium - gap junctions Conduction System - SA node, AV node, Bundle Branch, Purkinje Fibers

If graph i depicts the changes in DBP (y axis) between rest and maximal isometric knee extensions, what other cardiovascular response(s) to exercise contribute to this change? - linear increase from a to b a. an increase in stroke volume during this type of activity b. an increase in TPR during thist type of activity c. a decrease in TPR during this type of activity d. none of these answers e. two of these answers

B

This image depicts the SBP, DBP, and MAP response to exercise for the same subject during two different exercises (lines a-f): cycling and arm cranking. Which line is likely the cycling SBP? AB CD EF - second letter is drawn out further

B

When we use a stethoscope and blood pressure cuff to determine blood pressure, what is true of the first sound we hear? a. it is called the first heart sound b. it is called the first Korotkoff sound c. it is often described as muffled d. it indicates the diastolic blood pressure e. two of these answer

B

When you are using the auscultatory method for determining blood pressure, how high do y ou pump up the pressure in the cuff? a. up to the expected systolic blood pressure b. 20-30 mmHg above the expected systolic blood pressure c. not at all; we don't use a BP cuff for this method d. up to the expected diastolic blood pressure e. 20 mmHg below the expected systolic blood pressure

B

Which sound do we associate with systolic blood pressure? a. The first heart sound, S1 b. The first Korotkoff sound c. the fifth Korotkoff sound d. none of these answers e. The second heart sound, S2

B

This image depicts the SBP, DBP, and MAP response to exercise for the same subject during two different exercises (lines a-f): cycling and isometric knee extensions. Which line is likely the cycling SBP? A - F AB DCE F

B - first group

DBP would likely be lowest for which of the following exercises? a. arm crank at 60 Watts (90% of max) b. dynamic knee extensions at 90% of maximum c. cycling at 200 Watts (90% of max) d. isometric knee extension at 90% of maximum e. two of these would be tied

C

If graph i depicts the changes in a-vO2 difference (y axis) between rest and maximal intensity cycling exercise, what factors could be causing this change? - linear increase from a to b a. a decrease in systemic capillary pCO2 b. an increase in pH c. a decrease in blood pH d. two of these answers e. none of these answers

C

If graph v depicts the changes in TPR (y axis) between rest and maximal intensity cycling exercise, how would this figure look different if the subject were performing isometric knee extensions? - curved downward slope from a to b a. it would be about the same b. it would still decrease, but not as much c. it would increase instead of decrease d. it would remain relatively steady (neither increase or decrease) e. none of these answers

C

We demonstrated a couple different methods for determining blood pressure in lab X. Taking a subject's blood pressure using a stethoscope, blood pressure cuff and sphygmomanometer and noting when the Korotkoff sounds occur is a part of the _____________________________________________________________ for determining blood pressure. a. indirect-oscillometric b. direct method c. indirect-auscultatory d. none of these answers e. indirect-palpatory f. direct Korotkoff method

C

When we use a stethoscope and blood pressure cuff to determine blood pressure, we place the diaphragm of the stethoscope over which blood vessel? a. median antebrachial vein b. radial artery c. brachial artery d. ulnar artery e. none of these answers

C

If graph v depicts the changes in TPR (y axis) between rest and maximal intensity cycling exercise, how would this figure look different if the subject were performing arm crank exercise? - curved down slope from b to a a. it would be about the same b. none of these answers c. it would remain relatively steady (neither increase or decrease) d. it would still decrease, but not as much e. it would increase instead of decrease

D

If your patient' s blood pressure was 132/78, which of the following is/are true a. Based on new guidelines they have normal blood pressure b. Based on new guidelines they have elevated blood pressure c. Two of these d. Based on new guidelines they have hypertension e. Based on old guidelines (pre-Nov 2017) they have hypertension

D

This image depicts the SBP, DBP, and MAP response to exercise for the same subject during two different exercises (lines a-f): isometric bicep curls and sometric knee extensions. Which line is likely the isometric bicep curl MAP? A-F 3 segments A is top F is bottom

D - middle group, bottom one

This image depicts the SBP, DBP, and MAP response to exercise for the same subject during two different exercises (lines a-f): cycling and arm cranking. Which line is likely the arm crank DBP? AB CD EF - second letter is drawn out further

E

Which of the following is an appropriate value for maximal exercise TPR in (dyn/s.cm5) a young, untrained, healthy subject with a normal blood pressure response to exercise? a. 3 b. 30 c. 15 d. 15,000 e. 300 f. 1,500 g. 3,000

E

ST Segment

J Point end of the QRS and beginning of T wave

Corrected QT Interval

QT interval/ sqr(RR interval)

If graph i depicts the changes in cardiac output (y axis) between rest and maximal intensity cycling exercise in a healthy untrained subject, what would be appropriate values for points a and b on the y axis in a healthy untrained female subject? - linear increase from a to b

a. 4.8 b. 21.3

If graph ii depicts the changes in stroke volume (y axis) between rest and maximal intensity cycling exercise in a healthy untrained subject, what would be appropriate values for points a and b on the y axis in a healthy untrained female subject? - increase the plateau

a. 65 b. 119

P Wave

atrial depolarization, initiated by SA node

PR Interval

beginning of the P wave to the beginning of the QRS complex 0.12-0.20 sec

QRS Interval

beginning of the Q wave to end of S wave 0.08-0.12 sec

QT Interval

beginning of the QRS complex to the end of the T wave 0.35 sec

ST Segment Depression

below isoelectric line, suggest myocardial ischemia

Draw Out Triangle

check diagram

Draw Out Where Leads are Place

check diagram

RR Interval

distance between QRS complexes, 60/RR interval = HR brady - slower than 60 tachy - higher than 100

J Point

end of QRS and the beginning of the T wave

Isoelectric Line

line between the T and P waves

One of the following graphs depicts the changes in systolic blood pressure (Y axis) from rest to maximal intensity cycling exercise (on the X axis) in a young healthy subject. Which graph best illustrates the trend for this variable?

linear increase from a to b

Your subject has a stroke volume of 121 ml/beat, a heart rate of 122, and a blood pressure of 160/83. What is their cardiac output in L/min? (no units required)

14.76

Your subject has an a-vO2difference of 10.5 vols%, an RR interval of 0.44 sec, and an end diastolic volume of 176.8 ml and an end systolic volume of 67 ml. What is this cardiac output (use L)? calculate to 2 decimal places, no units required

14.97

Your subject has a stroke volume of 141 ml/beat, a heart rate of 111, and a blood pressure of 160/84. What is their cardiac output in L/min? (no units required)

15.7

Your subject has a cardiac output of 12, a heart rate of 110, and a blood pressure of 162/89. Estimate their heart's oxygen demand. (do not need units)

17,820

Your subject has a hemoglobin concentration of 15.0, an SaO2 of 97 VO2 of 1.7 cardiac output of 12.6, a heart rate of 158, an end ejection fraction of 61 and a blood pressure of 171/70. What is their end systolic volume in ml? (must include units of ml)

51 Q = SV * HR EF = (SV/ EDV) * 100 SV = EDV - ESV

Your subject has a hemoglobin concentration of 13.9 g/dL, an SaO2 of 99%, a VO2 of 1.7 cardiac output of 14.1, a heart rate of 112, and a blood pressure of 162/65. What is their total peripheral resistance? (no units required)

552.3

Your subject has a hemoglobin concentration of 13.9 g/dL, an SaO2 of 99%, a VO2 of 1.9 cardiac output of 14.3, a heart rate of 146, and a blood pressure of 187/60. What is their total peripheral resistance? (no units required)

572.5 TPR = (MAP/Q ) * 80

Your subject has a hemoglobin concentration of 15.3, an SaO2 of 97 VO2 of 2.0 cardiac output of 13.8, a heart rate of 124, and a blood pressure of 176/95. What is their venous O2 content? (must include units )

6.1 a-vO2 diff = (VO2/Q)*100 arterial venous return = hemoglobin concentration *1.39 * SaO2 a-vO2 = arterial - venous

Your subject has a cardiac output of 12.8, a heart rate of 154, and a blood pressure of 145/71. What is their mean arterial pressure? (no units required)

95.66

If graph i depicts the changes in a-vO2 difference (y axis) between rest and maximal intensity cycling exercise, what factors could be causing this change? - linear increase from a to b a. redistribution of blood flow away from inactive tissues and towards active tissues (especially muscle) b. none of these answers c. a decrease in arterial pO2 d. a left shift in the O2 dissociation curve e. two of these answers

A

If graph ii depicts the changes in end diastolic volume (y axis) between rest and maximal intensity cycling exercise in a healthy untrained subject, what factors could be contributing to this change? - increase from a to b with eventual plateau a. an increase in muscle pump activity b. an increase in blood volume c. sympathetic nervous system constriction of arterioles d. none of these answers e. two of these answer

A

MAP would likely be highest for which of the following exercises? a. arm crank at 60 Watts (90% of max) b. two of these would be tied c. cycling at 200 Watts (90% of max) d. isometric knee extension at 90% of maximum e. dynamic knee extensions at 90% of maximum

D