EXSS 218: Exam 3
A major influencing sports today is a cultural emphasis on spontaneous expression and unstructured activities levels.
False
All Muslim women are forced to give up their religious beliefs if they wish to participate in elite, competitive sports.
False
Alternative sports were originally based on an extreme commitment to the power and performance model of sports
False
Athletes are much more effective as change agents when they work as individuals rather than joining an activist organization.
False
Globalization has influenced patterns of sport team ownerships and where athletes play their sports, but it seldom influences the team allegiance of sport fans.
False
History shows that when government intervention in sports occurs, priority is more often given to recreational sports that serve large numbers of people rather than highly organized elite sports.
False
Media representations of sports usually are constructed to challenge prevailing ideas and values in a society
False
Media rights fees for major sport events have increased steadily between 1980 and 2000 but have declined dramatically since then.
False
Most religious leaders in recent U.S. history have been highly critical of Christian colleges and universities that have sponsored high-profile varsity sport programs.
False
One of the major contributions of the Olympic Games is that they have led to a global revival of folk games in traditional cultures..
False
Politics exist in commercial sports but not in college, high school, or community sports.
False
Religious sport organizations are more concerned with creating progressive changes in sports than promoting a commitment to religious beliefs among individuals.
False
Research on international relations shows that sports are much more useful in the realm of serious diplomacy than in the realm of public diplomacy.
False
Research shows that Christian athletes in elite sports reject many aspects of sport culture and play sports in very different ways than other athletes.
False
Research shows that male-female married couples are more likely to divorce due to disagreements over watching sports than disagreements about issues related to money.
False
Research shows that sports would be more popular today if government stayed out of the way and allowed the free market to operate without regulations.
False
Research shows that the airtime given to women's sports on sports news and highlights has increased as women's port participation has increased.
False
Research shows that the relationships formed in connection with sports generally carry over to other spheres and contribute significantly to community vitality and solidarity long after sport events are over.
False
Since the mid-1990s the relationships between sports journalists and top athletes have improved to the point that there is no tension between them anymore.
False
The media most dependent on sports are books and magazines.
False
The new media have transferred almost unlimited power into the hands of consumers and undermined the power of corporations and large sport organizations.
False
When religions are studied as cultural practices, sociologists assume that religious beliefs and rituals are identical from one social and cultural group to another.
False
When sports are covered by commercial media, the primary goals of coverage are to provide a public service and promote identification with values that transcend the needs of individual consumers.
False
A conservative approach to social change in sports generally emphasizes the growth and increased efficiency of existing sport programs.
True
According to the U.S. Supreme Court, saying prayers over the public address system at a public school's sport event is a violation of the U.S. Constitution.
True
Among the factors that support the growth of pleasure and participation sports is a growing concern with health and fitness.
True
Buddhist and Hindu beliefs are generally incompatible with seeking competitive success in sports.
True
Dominant sports in most societies are grounded in the values and experiences of men who value military conquest, political control, and economic expansion.
True
Essentialists often worry that when religion and sport are combined, the essentially sacred character of religion is corrupted by the essentially secular character of sport.
True
Evidence suggests that being a celebrity athlete makes a person a very powerful agent of social change.
True
Fantasy sports are unique because they give fans a sense of control and power over players at the same time that they connect fans with each other.
True
If Olympic medal counts took into consideration the population of nations, the United States would not even be in the top 30 nations of the world in terms of medal production. .
True
Increased demographic diversity presents possibilities for creating new forms and versions of sports.
True
Large corporations are now as important as nation-states in shaping how global sports are played and defined by people around the world.
True
Mainstream media coverage of sports tends to ignore the existence of race and ethnicity.
True
Media companies pay more for the programming content provided by ESPN than they pay for any other programming content on any other channel
True
Most of the people who play sport video games today also tend to be regular consumers of standard sport media events.
True
Native Americans who maintain animistic religious beliefs often integrate sports with meanings given to material things such as the earth, wind, sun, and animals.
True
Nearly all television broadcasts of sport events are sponsored by large capitalist corporations for the purpose of increasing their profits and power.
True
One of the primary stated goals of Olympism is to blend sport with culture and education.
True
Pleasure and participation sports are characterized by inclusiveness and democratic decision-making.
True
Politics refers primarily to the ways that power is gained and used in social life
True
Social theories are useful because they enable us to more accurately predict the consequences of change-oriented strategies than we could on the basis of personal hunches.
True
Sociologists study religions because religious systems of meaning influence how people think about the world and their relationships.
True
Sometimes it is difficult to separate the use of religion from the use of magic and superstition among athletes.
True
The sponsorship of power and performance sports is generally motivated by the idea that it is important to be associated with athletes and teams who are currently winners.
True
Traditional Protestant beliefs generally favor competitive sports over free and expressive play because competitive sports are oriented around work and achievement.
True
Typical reformist goals would be increasing fair play and rates of sport participation
True
Using an "insider" vantage point to initiate change is constraining because promotions and job security depend on a certain degree of conformity to the values and culture of the organization where you work.
True
When people believe the great sport myth, they are likely to become defensive in the face of actions focused on transforming sports.
True
When the population of a nation is very diverse, a government is likely to use sports to promote national unity and identity.
True
