ez*chp.10: Sensory

What do the following senses have in common? Touch, pressure, heat, cold, and pain. Multiple choice question. They are handled by phasic receptors They are cutaneous sensations They are types of proprioception They are handled by encapsulated nerve endings

They are cutaneous sensations

Most thermoreceptors found in the upper dermis sense: Multiple choice question. extreme cold cold warm extreme heat

cold

Taste signals from fungiform papillae travel on the _____ nerve, while signals from the circumvallate and foliate papillae travel on the _____ nerve. Multiple choice question. facial; hypoglossal facial; glossopharyngeal glossopharyngeal; facial

facial; glossopharyngeal

The pitch of a sound is related to its ______, while the intensity, or volume, is related to its ______. Multiple choice question. frequency; amplitude amplitude; frequency

frequency; amplitude

Taste receptors are also called: Multiple choice question. gustatory receptors photoreceptors proprioceptors olfactory receptors

gustatory receptors

Someone who has conduction deafness might be helped with a: Multiple choice question. cochlear implant hearing aid

hearing aid

In the spiral organ, the stereocilia on hair cells are: Multiple choice question. interconnected with filaments made up of keratin filaments immovable all the same size

interconnected with filaments

Chemoreceptors that sense chemicals present in the blood are: Multiple choice question. exteroceptors interoceptors

interoceptors

Rods and cones are categorized as _________ receptors.

photo receptors

Which are final destinations of gustation signals? Multiple select question. postcentral gyrus insula temporal lobe spinal cord prefrontal cortex

postcentral gyrus insula prefrontal cortex

Waves in the perilymph of the cochlear duct cause the stereocilia to bend, opening ____ channels in the stereocilia. Multiple choice question. sodium potassium

potassium

Which are considered somatesthetic sensors? Multiple select question. proprioceptor photoreceptor root hair plexus olfactory receptor thermoreceptor

proprioceptor root hair plexus thermoreceptor

Somatesthetic senses include cutaneous receptors and_______

proprioceptors

The white outer tissue of the eye is the ______. Multiple choice question. cornea choroid iris sclera

sclera

Which are cells found in the olfactory epithelium? Multiple select question. stem cells supporting cells simple squamous epithelium olfactory receptors stratified squamous epithelium

stem cells supporting cells olfactory receptors

The "hairs" on hair cells in the spiral organ are actually ________ that vary in size.

sterecilia

The lens is under tension from the zonular fibers of the _______ ligaments.

suspensory

The vestibular apparatus includes the semicircular canals, the saccule, and the________

utricle

The otolithic membrane is a gel-like structure found in the: Multiple choice question. semicircular canals utricle and saccule cochlea

utricle and saccule

How is the fovea centralis histologically different from the rest of the retina? Multiple choice question. *Unlike in most of the retina, light doesn't pass through several cell layers before reaching the photoreceptors *The fovea contains only rods *There are no cones in the fovea; they are found mainly in the surrounding macula lutea

*Unlike in most of the retina, light doesn't pass through several cell layers before reaching the photoreceptors

List the pathway of light, in order, as it passes through the retina: photoreceptors horizontal cells bipolar cells amacrine cells ganglion cells

1. ganglion cells 2. amacrine cells 3. bipolar cells 4. horizontal cells 5. photoreceptors

Which situation would stimulate the utricle and saccule? Multiple choice question. A fall out of a tree Tumbling An ice skater spinning

A fall out of a tree

Which tastes can be sensed by the anterior central part of the tongue? Multiple choice question. All parts of the tongue can sense all five tastes Mostly sweet and salty are sensed there Sour taste cells are concentrated there

All parts of the tongue can sense all five ta

Which tastes can be sensed by the anterior central part of the tongue? Multiple choice question. Mostly sweet and salty are sensed there All parts of the tongue can sense all five tastes Sour taste cells are concentrated there

All parts of the tongue can sense all five tastes

What is the definition of tinnitus? Multiple choice question. Abnormal back-and-forth motions of the eyes An abnormal ringing of the ears A feeling like the room is spinning An abnormal curvature of the cornea

An abnormal ringing of the ears

When a pencil eraser is pressed to the skin, the sensory receptors stimulated in the center of the eraser inhibit the receptors that are stimulated at the outer edges of the eraser. This phenomenon is called ________ _________.

Blank 1: lateral Blank 2: inhibition

While several different types of stimuli may be capable of activating a particular sensory receptor, there is one type of stimulus that uses the least amount of energy to activate a stimulus. This is known as the law of___________ __________ energies.

Blank 1: specific Blank 2: nerve

Otitis media, otosclerosis, and excess cerumin can all cause _____ deafness. Multiple choice question. sensorineural conduction

Conduction

Which is true of lateral inhibition? Multiple choice question. It explains why visceral pain is sometimes perceived as somatic pain It enhances discrimination between very closely localized sensations Sensory signals inhibit the contralateral somatosensory cortex

It enhances discrimination between very closely localized sensations

How does a tonic receptor respond differently to strong and weak stimuli? Multiple choice question. DIfferent receptors respond to strong and weak stimuli It produces larger action potentials after a strong stimulus It produces more frequent action potentials after a strong stimulus

It produces more frequent action potentials after a strong stimulus

Which describes the law of specific nerve energies? Multiple choice question. When entering a dark room after bring in bright sunlight, it takes a few minutes before one can see much No matter what the type of stimulus, a signal coming from a warm thermoreceptor will be perceived as "warm" At first, 60o F water will seem cold, but after some time, it will be perceived as warm

No matter what the type of stimulus, a signal coming from a warm thermoreceptor will be perceived as "warm"

Vibration and deep pressure are sensed by the ______. Multiple choice question. Meissner's corpuscle Pacinian corpuscle root hair plexus free nerve ending

Pacinian corpuscle

The area of skin that is innervated by a specific sensory receptor is called the _______ _______of that sensory receptor.

Receptive field

Which cell type of the olfactory epithelium functions to help break down lipid-soluble odorant molecules for sensing? Multiple choice question. Goblet cells Supporting cells Receptor cells Basal stem cells

Supporting cells

Which are true of color blindness? Multiple select question. the most common type is when all three cone types are defective two cone photopigments are coded for by the X chromosome it occurs mostly in men it occurs in about 10% of

_two cone photopigments are coded for by the X chromosome _it occurs mostly in men

Sensorineural deafness involves: Multiple choice question. a blockage of signal transmission between the cochlea and the auditory cortex one ear only a blockage of sound waves in the outer or middle ear

a blockage of signal transmission between the cochlea and auditory cortex.

Which structures are part of the spiral organ? Multiple select question. scala vestibuli basilar membrane tectorial membrane inner hair cells

basilar membrane tectorial membrane inner hair cells

What are the five different types of taste receptors?

bitter salty sour sweet umami

Most people recognize five major categories of taste, including Multiple select question. basic bitter umami starch salty

bitter umami salty

Each lateral geniculate nucleus receives visual signals from _____ eye(s). Multiple choice question. both one

both

Normally, the lens is clear because of the three-dimensional structure of crystallin proteins. When these proteins change shape and aggregate, vision becomes cloudy. This is a condition called _______

cataracts

Over many years, unprotected exposure of the eyes to sunlight without wearing good sunglasses can cause _____. Multiple choice question. cataracts astigmatism glaucoma presbyopia

cataracts

The main receptor type that senses the quantity of hydrogen ions in body fluids is: Multiple choice question. mechanoreceptor chemoreceptor thermoreceptor

chemoreceptor

The anterior portion of the vascular tunic that contains smooth muscle fibers is the ______. Multiple choice question. sclera ciliary body neural tunic choroid

ciliary body

Tinnitus results from damage to the ______. Multiple choice question. occipital lobe vestibular apparatus optic nerve cochlea

cochlea

The tectorial membrane is found in the: Multiple choice question. scala vestibuli scala tympani cochlear duct

cochlear duct

A genetic defect that prevents the normal function of cones is called _______

color blindness

A hearing aid is most effective for ______. Multiple choice question. sensorineural deafness tinnitus vertigo conduction deafness

conduction deafness

Arthritis of the middle ear bones will dampen, or even prevent, sound wave transmission. This is a type of: Multiple choice question. sensorineural deafness conduction deafness

conduction deafness

Light first passes through the _______ to enter the anterior chamber.

cornea

Which structures are part of the fibrous tunic of the eye? Multiple select question. cornea sclera retina iris choroid

cornea sclera

Complex tastes are perceived by: Multiple choice question. each taste cell being stimulated by all five different types of taste molecules the stimulation of only one type of taste cell at a time different levels of activity of each of the five different taste categories

different levels of activity of each of the five different taste categories

Taste and olfactory receptors are: Multiple choice question. exteroceptors interoceptors

exteroceptors

The function of ganglion cells with on- and off-center visual fields is to: Multiple choice question. increase visual acuity; to see more detail initiate reflexes to control the amount of light entering the eye change the shape of the lens for focusing

increase visual acuity; to see more detail

In the spiral organ, a loud sound causes the stereocilia to bend more than it does with a quieter sound. This increased bending of the stereocilia _____ the amount of neurotransmitter released by the inner hair cell. Multiple choice question. decreases increases

increases

The sound of a lawn mower ______ the number of action potentials produced by the inner hair cells as compared to the sound of birds chirping. Multiple choice question. decreases increases

increases

The tympanic membrane vibrates when sound waves hit it. This moves the malleus, which moves the , ________ which then moves the stapes, which then presses on the oval window of the inner ear.

incus

The _____ hair cells in the spiral organ are innervated by sensory neurons; the _____ hair cells are innervated by motor neurons. Multiple choice question. outer; inner inner; outer

inner; outer

Which structures are considered part of the vascular tunic of the eye, or the uvea? Multiple select question. retina iris cornea choroid ciliary body

iris choroid ciliary body

After light passes through the pupil, it enters the: Multiple choice question. anterior chamber cornea lens vitreous chamber

lens

Which structure of the eye has the highest refractive index? Multiple choice question. Lens Aqueous humor Vitreous humor Cornea

lens

The utricle and saccule detect ______. Multiple choice question. linear acceleration cutaneous pressure joint angle rotational acceleration

linear acceleration

Of the auditory ossicles, the ______ is attached to the tympanic membrane. Multiple choice question. malleus stapes incus

malleus

Auditory signals travel from the vestibulocochlear nerve to the inferior colliculi of the midbrain, then onto the ______ ______ ______ of the thalamus before going to the auditory cortex.

medial geniculate body

In the dark, photoreceptors release _____ neurotransmitter than they do in light. Multiple choice question. less the same amount of more

more

A strong stimulus to a tonic receptor produces _____ action potentials, while a weaker stimulus produces _____ action potentials. Multiple choice question. smaller; larger fewer; more frequent more frequent; fewer larger; smaller

more frequent; fewer

Taste cells, found in taste buds, are epithelial cells that are capable of depolarizing and releasing neurotransmitters. For these reasons, they are also called: Multiple choice question. neuroepithelial cells epithelial cells neuroglial cells neurons

neuroepithelial cells

Taste cells, found in taste buds, are epithelial cells that are capable of depolarizing and releasing neurotransmitters. For these reasons, they are also called: Multiple choice question. neurons neuroglial cells epithelial cells neuroepithelial cells

neuroepithelial cells

Which are considered cutaneous sensations? Multiple select question. nociception proprioception touch, pressure heat, cold photoreception

nociception touch, pressure heat, cold

During the bleaching reaction, rhodopsin dissociates into retinaldehyde and _______

opsin

Except when a cataract forms, the lens should be transparent because ______. Multiple select question. there are no proteins contained in the cytoplasm organelles have been eliminated UV light bleaches the lens structures it is avascular

organelles have been eliminated it is avascular

inflammation of the middle ear is termed _____. Excessive bone formation on the ossicles is termed _____. Multiple choice question. otosclerosis; conduction deafness otitis media; otosclerosis conduction deafness, sensorineural deafness

otitis media; otosclerosis

Which are considered parts of the vestibular apparatus? Multiple select question. otolith organs saccule cochlea utricle semicircular canals

otolith organs saccule utricle semicircular canals

Which are considered parts of the vestibular apparatus? Multiple select question. otolith organs semicircular canals cochlea saccule utricle

otolith organs semicircular canals saccule utricle

In the utricle and saccule, the cilia on the hair cells are embedded in a gel called the: Multiple choice question. endolymph otolithic membrane cupula

otolithic membrane

When light passes from air to water, it is bent, or: Multiple choice question. accommodated refracted reflected

refracted

Cochlear implants: Multiple choice question. stimulate the tympanic membrane directly amplify sound through the temporal bone sense sound and transmit signals to the cochlea

sense sound and transmit signals to the cochlea

When the outer hair cells of the spiral organ are depolarized, they _____. When they are hyperpolarized, they _____. Multiple choice question. lengthen; shorten shorten; lengthen

shorten; lengthen

The receptive field is a region of ______ that can be stimulated to alter nerve activity. Multiple choice question. skin intracellular fluid extracellular fluid spinal cord

skin

The sense of taste depends heavily on the sense of: Multiple choice question. texture pain smell touch

smell

Pain, touch, pressure and thermoreception are all types of ______ senses. Multiple choice question. somatesthetic proprioception special

somatesthetic

How many taste modalities does a single taste cell contribute? Multiple choice question. all five only one sometimes more than one

sometimes more than one

Put the following structures in order as signals from the cochlea travel. auditory cortex medial geniculate body inferior collicuil cochlear nuclei vestibulocohear nerve spiral organ

spiral organ vestibulocochear nerve cochlear nuclei inferior collicuil medial genicular body auditory cortex

In the spiral organ, the stereocilia of hair cells are embedded in a gelatin-like substance called _______

tectorial membrane

Gustatory signals pass through the ______ before going to the primary gustatory cortex. Multiple choice question. insula thalamus prefrontal cortex postcentral gyrus

thalamus

Gustatory signals pass through the ______ before going to the primary gustatory cortex. Multiple choice question. thalamus insula prefrontal cortex postcentral gyrus

thalamus

Visual acuity is defined as: Multiple choice question. the ability to see small details how curved the cornea is the ability to distinguish colors

the ability to see small details

Taste cells are referred to as neuroepithelial cells. Why? Multiple select question. they have microvilli they are specialized epithelial cells they are neuroglial cells they depolarize and release neurotransmitters

they are specialized epithelial cells they depolarize and release neurotransmitters

Taste cells are referred to as neuroepithelial cells. Why? Multiple select question. they have microvilli they depolarize and release neurotransmitters they are neuroglial cells they are specialized epithelial cells

they depolarize and release neurotransmitters they are specialized epithelial cells

Which are characteristics of taste buds? select all that apply: -they have microvilli that extend through a pore -they consist of many specialized epithelial cells each taste bud is composed of one taste cell with microvilli -they remain bathed in saliva

they have microvilli that extend through a pore they consist of many specialized epithelial cells they remain bathed in saliva

Which are characteristics of cold receptors? Multiple select question. they outnumber warm receptors they have free nerve endings they use substance P as a neurotransmitter Their signals are slower than warm receptors they are found in the upper dermis, near the epidermis

they outnumber warm receptors they have free nerve endings they are found in the upper dermis, near the epidermis

Gustation is also known as the sense of

to taste

Which are considered cutaneous sensations? select all that apply: *touch, pressure *heat, cold *photoreception *proprioception *nociception

touch, pressure heat, cold nociception

A difference in the firing rate between the right and left vestibulocochlear nerves causes: Multiple choice question. nystagmus partial deafness vertigo

vertigo

The feeling that the room is spinning, when it's not, is called: _______

vertigo

The utricle, saccule and semicircular canals are collectively called the _____ _______

vestibular apparatus

The cochlear duct is the middle cochlear chamber, between the scala __________ and the scala tympani.

vestibuli

The sharpness of vision is also known as visual ______

visual acuity

The receptive field of a cutaneous receptor is: Multiple choice question. where stimulation of that receptor occurs the area of skin that visceral pain is referred to the area of the map of the somatosensory cortex that receives its signals

where stimulation of that receptor occurs