Facing the Music 12 JAN
three
How many movements does a typical concerto have?
The classical style emerged in the ______ century
mid-eighteenth
Beethoven came around in the
middle of the classical period, 1770-1827
Name one example of an organum?
"Alleluia, Diffusa est gratia" by Perotin
What are two plainchants?
"In paradisum" by anonymous which is a liturgy for the dead and "Columbia Aspexit" by Hildegard of Bingen and was built in honor of St.Maximinus and both of the plainchants are monophonic.
Known as the _________ , Antonio Vivaldi taught music at an orphanage for girls and wrote much of his music for this institution.
"Red Priest"
Oratorio
"There were shepherds" is part of The Messiah which is
What are the three sections in sonata form?
- Expositions (A) - Development (B) - Recapitulation (A
Sonatas had some features of the Baroque concerto
...
When you have classical conchurto it usually has double exposition
...
The Middle Ages spans a time period nearly______ years of European History.
1,000
Name the Sonatas forms?
1. Moderate 2. Slow 3. Fast
When was "Alleluia. Diffusa est gratia" written?
1200
The Baroque Period spanned the years:
1600-1750.
The Violin Concerto in G, La stravaganza, was composed between:
1700-1750
Much of the Baroque music we hear today is from the late Baroque era, which spanned the years:
1700-1750.
The preclassical period roughly encompassed the years
1730-1770
Classicism, as a stylistic period in music, figured prominently during the years
1750-1820
Classicism, as a stylistic period in western art music, roughly encompassed the years
1750-1820.
The fully developed classical style in music flourished during the period
1770-1820
Harmony
2 or more pitches sounding simultaneously
How many movements are in a Sonata
3
How many movements does a typical late Baroque concerto have?
3
Who was Hayden?
30 year career with Esterhazys, Kepellmeister wrote for court, church, adn opera. Famous work are his London symphony, he writes variations within variations,Symphony number 95
How many Brandenburg Concertos did Bach write?
6
Gregorian chant was organized around c.e.:
600
orchestra and a group of soloists
A Baroque Concerto Grosso was a composition for:
orchestra and single soloist
A Baroque Concerto was a composition for:
Define Genre
A general category of music determined partly by the number and kind of instruments or voices involved, and partly by its form or style.
Abbess Hildegard Bingen, famous for her book of mystical visions, was also _____?
A poet and a Composer.
Which of the following statements is not true?
A typical sequence of movements in a classical concerto is fast, slow, dance-related, fast.
a highly skilled musician
A virtuoso is?
Theme-and-variations form may be schematically outlined as
AA'A''A'''A''''
Theme-and-variations form may be schematically outlined as
AA'A''A'''A''''.
The minuet and trio movement of a classical symphony, string quartet, or other work, is in ____________ form.
ABA
The minuet as a whole may be outlined as
ABA.
A common rondo pattern is
ABACA.
A common rondo pattern is
ABACABA
Another common rondo pattern is
ABACABA.
The rondo may be schematically outlined as
ABACABA.
What shows the greatest amount of musical contrast?
ABC
The first step in the development of organum was ______?
Adding a second melody that moved parallel to the original chant, note by note.
Beethoven
All answers are correct.began to feel the first symptoms of deafness in his twenty-ninth year.was self-educated and had read widely, but was weak in elementary arithmetic.was a brilliant pianist
Symphony may be defined as a(n)
All answers are correct.extended, ambitious composition exploiting the expanded range of tone color and dynamics of the classical orchestra.sonata for orchestra.musical composition for orchestra, usually in four movements.
Sonata form is used frequently as the form for the ________ movement of a multimovement work.
All answers are correct.final fast.slow.first
Vienna, when Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven were active,
All answers are correct.had a population of almost 250,000.was the seat of the Holy Roman Empire.was the fourth-largest city in Europe.
The last movement of a classical symphony
All answers are correct.is always in the tonic key of the symphony.is usually fast, lively, and brilliant, but somewhat lighter in mood than the opening movement.is most often in sonata or sonata-rondo form.
The string quartet
All answers are correct.is written for two violins, viola, and cello.s the most important form in classical chamber music.usually consists of four movements.
The prospering middle class in the classical period sought aristocratic luxuries such as
All answers are correct.music.literature.theater.
By the age of six, Mozart could
All answers are correct.read music perfectly at sight.improvise fugues and write minuets.play the harpsichord and violin.
Beethoven's late works, composed after he was totally deaf, include
All answers are correct.the Ninth Symphony.string quartets.piano sonatas.
The sonata-rondo
All answers are correct.usually has a lively, pleasing, and simple to remember theme.combines rondo form with elements of sonata form.may be outlined as ABA-development section-ABA.
Composers in the classical period took middle-class tastes into account by
All answers are correct.writing dance music for public balls.writing comic operas that sometimes ridiculed the aristocracy.flavoring their serious compositions with folk and popular music.
An extended piece for a solo singer having more musical elaboration and a steadier pulse than recitative
An aria is?
a composition of organ based on a Lutheran hymn melody
An organ chorale is
Opera Seria
Ancient history or mythology, ancient heroes and nobility, slow drawn out, recitative and aria, good plot, powerful expression
The composer of the Violin Concerto in G, La stravaganza, is:
Antonio Vivaldi.
Which is true of Romantic composers such as Beethoven, Liszt, and Verdi?
As rebels against the social order, they associated themselves with revolutionary and libertarian politics.
both sacred and secular music
Bach composed
a very spiritual man wanting to glorify God
Bach demonstrates in his music that he was
one of the greatest composers that ever lived
Bach is considered..
filled with hard work, composing to meet deadlines
Bachs life was
elaborate staging and sets
Baroque Italian opera Ceria had the following characteristic?
Fugue
Baroque composition that treats one melody imitatively?
1600 to 1750
Baroque period spans the years:
The composer most responsible for elevating music to a new level of respect during the Romantic era was:
Beethoven
An early monument to supernatural Romanticism was the opera The Magic Bullet by:
Carl Maria von Weber
"Dame, de qui toute ma joie vient" is an example of _____?
Chanson.
Who was mozart?
Child prodegy, made his money teaching, died kind of poor, musician in the classical period
Which of the following characteristics is not typical of the music of the classical period?
Classical music is basically polyphonic.
What is it called if there is a section after the recapitulation?
Coda
Opera Buffa
Comic opera equally as miportant as serious opera, growing in Italy, contemporary subjects, lower class folk, quicker livelier, more folklike, realistic
Which is true with regard to texture in Classical music?
Compared to Baroque composers, Classical composers employed a delicate and unobtrusive sort of polyphony in their music
Which of the following statements is not true?
Composers in the classical period continued to use terraced dynamics in their compositions.
Which is true of Classical music?
Composers of classical music worked extensively with all musical elements to add variety and flexibility
Which is true of the social revolution of the 19th century?
Composers such as Liszt personally crossed class boundaries.
opera
Drama set to music?
married twice and had many children
During Bach's lifetime he
actually, not that famous
During Bachs lifetime he was?
was growing
During the baroque the importance of instrumental music...?
stay moderately constant with changes made possible mostly through orchestration and influenced by limitations of the volume of the harpsichord
Dynamics in Baroque composition tend to:
Which is true of dynamics in the Classical era?
Dynamics were specifically notated by composers
Expression
Elements used to interpret or express the music
Ruler in Classical era who was known for his generous encouragement of music
Emperor Joseph
The Romantic movement in literature first arose in
England and Germany
Haydn was fortunate in having a long and fruitful, as well as financially stable, relationship with the noble Hungarian family of
Esterházy.
Beethoven's only opera is entitled
Fidelio.
A system of notation that uses figures below a base line to indicate harmonies to be played
Figured base refers to?
What is an opening movement?
First movement, moderate to fast tempo, sonata form, many moods possible, emphasizes contrast and development
What is a closing movement?
Fourth movement, Fast to very fast, usually sonata or rondo, light
Who composed Messiah?
George Frideric Handel
ground bass
In Baroque music, what is the form in which there is a repeated bass figure, above which the upper lines play different melodies?
Reciting Tone
In Gregorian recitation, the pitch on which the text is sung.
The A section repeats with ornamentation
In a Da Capo aria
Which of the following statements is not true?
In his later years, Mozart was financially well off, widely acclaimed, and sought after by an adoring public.
regular.
In the Baroque period, rhythm became more:
When was the symphony created?
In the classical period
the first and third movements
In violin Concerto in Ritornello form is used?
flute, violin, harpischord, and string orchestra
Instruments heard in the first movement of Brandenburg Concerto No 5 are:
What is it called if there is a section in front of the exposition?
Into
Which of the following is not true of the symphony?
It is a musical composition for solo instrument and orchestra.
Which best describes the second movement of the Violin Concerto in G, La stravaganza?
It is slow and gentle, and in variation form.
Which of the following is not true of the late eighteenth-century fortepiano?
It weighed the same as the modern piano.
In which language are dynamics generally described?
Italian
From which country and style period is the Violin Concerto in G, La stravaganza?
Italy; Baroque
Who provided the Romantics with the ideal of the individual and was considered the ideological father of the French Revolution?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach and _____ were two of the more important preclassical composers.
Johann Christian Bach
Which of the following composers is not considered a master of the classical period?
Johann Christian Bach
Which composer copied many pages of Vivaldi's concertos in learning how to write in this genre?
Johann Sebastian Bach
Who are the two most important composers of the late Baroque period?
Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frideric Handel
1685-1750
Johann Sebastian Bach lived from:
A Baroque Concerto
LISTEN: This is an excerpt from
A Baroque Concerto Grosso
LISTEN: This is an excerpt from
Which of the following elements is usually not changed in varying the theme in theme and variations form?
Length
Which of the following statements is not true?
Like Haydn and many other composers of the classical period, Beethoven was most successful financially when in the service of the aristocracy.
The twelve symphonies written for the concert manager J. P. Salomon for performance at his public concerts are also known as the __________ symphonies, for the city in which they were first performed.
London
The standard catalog of the compositions of Mozart was made by
Ludwig von Köche.l
The standard catalog of the compositions of Mozart was made by
Ludwig von Köchel
Beethoven's greatest liturgical music is to be found in his
Missa Solemnis.
What is it called when keys change?
Modulation (Bridge)
Beethoven
Most iconic figure in music history, tough and angry, facing adversity, embodied concept of artistic genius, his music was considered a revelation, he worked on his work until he thought it was perfect, student of Haydn, lifelong commitment to classical principles, sense of of excitement, urgency, and striving in his romance pieces,, demanded new techniques of instruments and voices, enlarged orchestra, replaced with scherzo, larger and harsher dissonances, higher and lower register
What is the sonata form?
Most important new form of Classical era, New way of handeling constrasts between keys and themes
1700-1750
Much of the Baroque music we hear today is from:
What was the result of using standard forms?
Music became more predictable for the listener
Which is true of the relative status of music in the 19th century?
Music rose to the same status as literature
The Third Symphony of Beethoven was originally composed to commemorate the deeds of _________ as the embodiment of heroism and democratic ideals.
Napoleon Bonaparte
Which is true of the relationship between Romantic composers and the public?
Nineteenth-century audiences became more conservative and more critical of innovative composers
Were sonatas for concerts?
No
Are sonatas structurally form?
No, not as much
The technique that Machuat is known for in his chansons is_____?
Non-Imitative Polyphony.
Because plainchant lacks a distinctive beat, it is referred to as ________?
Non-Metrical
Master Leonin and his follower Perotin are known as part of the _____of organum.
Notre Dame School.
you had exposure to music from different countries/composers
One advantage of being a court composer was that?
functional harmony.
One of the major developments of the Baroque period was
recitative
Operatic equivalent to dramatic dialogue is?
Which of the following is not one of Mozart's three masterpieces of Italian opera?
Orfeo
Which of the following statements is not true of the classical period?
Philosophers and writers in the classical period believed that custom and tradition, rather than reason, were the best guides to human conduct.
What are the main instruments in Sonata form?
Piano and violin
stylized dances
Pieces written in the form or style of dance music but meant for listening, not dancing
Which statement is false about plainchant?
Plainchant is based on the major/minor system.
Which of the following statements is not true?
Political and economic power shifted during the classical period from the middle class to the aristocracy and the church.
Who composed "Alleluia. Diffusa est gratia"?
Pérotin
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the minuet?
Quick, lively tempo
church, the opera house, and court
The main institutions where Baroque composers could make a living were the:
The composer who started a music magazine to defend music of the Romantics against public indifference was:
Robert Schumann
In which stylistic period was chromaticism used the most?
Romantic
WHich describes Romantic composers' view of form and harmony?
Romantic composers did not allow form or harmony to restrain spontaneous creativity
Which statement is false?
Romantic harmonies were clearer and more diatonic, and they established a stronger sense of tonality than in earlier musical periods
Which statement is false?
Romantic melodies have more regular phrase lengths than Classical melodies
Which of the following is not part of a sonata form movement?
Rondo
"Summer is Icumen In" is an example of a _____?
Round.
Mozart was born in
Salzburg, Austria
The choral finale of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony is based on
Schiller's Ode to Joy.
What is a slow movement?
Second movement, slow tempo, no standard form, often lyrical and songlike
Melody
Sequence of pitches in sucession
Public concerts presented by the Concert des Amateurs in Paris in the 1770s were conducted by
The Chevalier de Saint-Georges.
Haydn's two popular oratorios are entitled The Seasons and
The Creation.
What made Beethoven particularly unique?
Strong universal response, feel the motion behind the music, transition to classical to romance
Troubadour songs, like hymns and most folk songs, set all stanzas of the poem to the same melody, resulting in a form known as______?
Strophic.
Which of the following was not one of Haydn's duties while in the service of the Esterházys?
Teaching music to the choir boys
Johann Sebastian Bach
The Art of Fugue was writtin by
Mozart's finest German opera was
The Magic Flute
sonatas
The Venetian composer Antonio Vivaldi is especially remembered for his: (our Vivaldi listening example was one of these):
Which of the following statements is not true of the music of the classical period?
The basso continuo was the nucleus of the instrumental ensemble.
Which of the following statements is not true?
The character of the minuet is best described as brisk and lively.
A kind of mini-oratorio designed for the use in the Lutheran worship service
The church cantata was
The Well Tempered Clavier
The collection of forty-eight preludes and fugues (12 major and 12 minor of both) by Bach is called
George Frideric Handel
The composer of Julius Ceaser and The Messiah
Antonio Vivaldi
The composer of the Violin Concerto in G is:
Claudio Monteverdi
The composer of the coronation of Poppea?
Steradivarius
The famous maker of violins and cellos?
Which of the following statements is not true?
The first movement of Haydn's Surprise symphony is in theme and variations form
uses major and minor keys with definite pull toward the tonic and is considered "functional harmony"
The harmony in Baroque composition?
Which is true of the relative speed of the upper and lower voices during the organum section of "Alleluia. Diffusa est gratia"?
The higher voices move more quickly than the lower voices.
Minnesingers
The medieval Poet-musicians of Germany.
Which is true of the rhythm of "Alleluia. Diffusa est gratia"?
The meter is free, then compound duple, then free.
Plainchant
The official music of the Catholic Church in the Middle ages is called_______?
Which of the following statements is not true?
The opening movement of a classical symphony is almost always slow and in ABA form.
Systematized imitative polyphony
The outstanding element of a fugue is
Which of the following statements is not true?
The piano trio is a musical composition for three pianos.
How is sound produced on brass instruments?
The player's lips vibrate as air is blown between them into the small cup-shaped mouthpiece
Were complicated and took many twists and turns
The plots of most Baroque opera
Which of the following statements is not true?
The rondo as a musical form was not used in musical compositions after the classical period.
Which of the following statements is not true?
The second theme returns in the recapitulation of a sonata form movement in an exact repetition of its statement in the exposition.
Coloratura
The singing style characterized by fast run and scales, a large pitch range, cadenzas, and virtuosic displays of all sorts is called
Isorythm
The structural technique of repeating long rhythmic patterns over and over at different pitch levels each time.
the bass line and continuous chords played in a Baroque composition.
The term Basso continuo refers to:
ritornello
The term for the initial orchestral melody in concerto grosso that returns from time to time is?
Libretto
The text of an Opera is called
Bach, Vivaldi and Handel
The three most important composers of the Baroque period are
Which of the following is not a characteristic of Haydn's music?
There are few changes in texture and orchestration.
What do all woodwind instruments have in common?
They all set up vibrations in a column of air in a tube
What is a minuet movement?
Third movement,moderate tempo, triple meter, stylized dance, aristocratic in mood, minuet form (ternary)
What is another term for tone color?
Timbre
What does the codas purpose?
To bring you back to the home key.
Why might there be an intro in a piece of music?
To introduce you to the first theme
What is the home key called?
Tonic Key
Which of the following instruments were not normally included in the classical orchestra?
Trombones
Which of the following techniques did Beethoven not use in unifying the contrasting movements of a symphony, sonata, or string quartet?
Using the same tonality for each of the movements
In Sonata form, are the movements short or long?
Usually shorter
The Classical era developed principally in
Vienna
The light, decorative, frivolous style of art and music that developed during the mid-eighteenth century
Viennese Classical style
italy
What country was the center of the Baroque particularly in the beginning of the opera?
ritornello
What is the form of the first movement of Bradenburg Concerto No 5?
Are extremely passionate about him
When watching the DVD on Bach you get a sense that those describing Bach
a piece of music was performed differently each time, the performer expressed what he or she felt at the moment
Which best describes musical depiction of emotion in the late Baroque era?
Emotional extremes and carefully controlled musical elements
Which best describes the dualism found in Baroque art and music?
strings
Which instrument family formed the core of the Baroque orchestra?
harpsichord
Which instrument plays the cadenza in the first movement of Bradenburg Concerto No 5?
cello and harpsichord
Which two instruments would most likely have played the basso continuo in the Baroque era?
The plainchant "In paradisum" is meant to be sung_____?
While processing to the graveyard.
A brilliant solo section in a concerto designed to display the performer's virtuosity is called
a cadenza.
Thematic unity occurs when:
a composer uses the same themes in all movements of a work
the ensemble
a fully musical number for two or more soloist, depicts dialogue, action, and emotions
A symphony refers to
a large piece for an orchestra; large multi movement for an orchestra
How can the a Coda make a piece sound?
a little bit of extra music pieces to the end to make the end sound finalized
The diatonic scale consists of
a particular arrangement of whole steps and half steps
Ritornello form is based on:
a periodic return of a central, musical theme by the orchestra.
Which describes the emotional goal of music in the 19th century?
a search for freedom of individual emotional expression
Sonata form should be viewed as
a set of principles that serve to shape and unify contrasts of theme and key.
Haydn's contract of employment shows that he was considered
a skilled servant
Haydn's contract of employment shows that he was considered
a skilled servant.
The opening of the antiphon "In paradisum" is sung by:
a solo male voice.
Which of the following is NOT true about Hector Berlioz? a) He was a German Romantic composer. b) Some of his works have a literary basis. c) He was a genius at orchestration.
a) He was a German Romantic composer.
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov represents the: a) Russian nationalist school. b) Bohemian nationalist school. c) Polish nationalist school.
a) Russian nationalist school.
Manuel de Falla represents the: a) Spanish nationalist school. b) Czech nationalist school. c) Scandinavian nationalist school.
a) Spanish nationalist school.
Music lacking any literary or pictorial association is called: a) absolute music. b) program music. c) incidental music
a) absolute music.
Music lacking any literary or pictorial association is called: a) absolute music. b) program music. c) incidental musicMusic lacking any
a) absolute music. Absolute music (sometimes abstract music) is a concept in music that describes music as an art form separated from formalisms or other considerations; it is not explicitly about anything; it is non-representational
Which term describes a one-movement work for orchestra with a literary program? a) symphonic poem b) program symphony c) symphony
a) symphonic poem A symphonic poem or tone poem is a piece of orchestral music in a single continuous section (a movement) in which the content of a poem, a story or novel, a painting, a landscape or another (non-musical) source is illustrated or evoked.
Berlioz's Symphonie fantastique exemplifies the type of program music known as: a) the program symphony. b) the symphonic poem. c) the concert overture
a) the program symphony. A programme symphony is one which has a story behind it - where the music tries to portray certain events or moods.
Berlioz's innovations include his orchestration effects. a) true b) false
a) true
Which instrument family is featured at the opening to evoke two streams of water in The Moldau? a) woodwinds b) strings c) brass
a) woodwinds
Historians might speak of the Baroque Period as the:
age of absolutism
Which set of tempo markings is arranged in order from faster to slower?
allegro, moderato, adante
Social mobility during the classical period was
an important factor in the rise of the middle class
A concerto is a large-scale work in several movements for
an instrumental soloist and orchestra.
The distance between two pitches that seem to duplicate each other and blend very well together is called
an octave
In the recording of the Violin Concerto in G, La stravaganza, the continuo chords are played by a(n):
archlute
rhythm
arrangement of sounds in various durations
19th century composers were considered
as genius
The rondo was used
as late as the twentieth century.
Miniatures were generally heard:
as separate compositions
Bedrich Smetana represents the: a) Spanish nationalist school. b) Bohemian nationalist school. c) Russian nationalist school.
b) Bohemian nationalist school.
Jean Sibelius represents the: a) Spanish nationalist school. b) Scandinavian nationalist school. c) Russian nationalist school.
b) Scandinavian nationalist school
Edvard Grieg represents the: a) Bohemian nationalist school. b) Scandinavian nationalist school. c) Russian nationalist school.
b) Scandinavian nationalist school.
Which best describes the character of the fourth movement of Symphonie fantastique? a) a pastoral scene b) a diabolical march c) a witches' orgy
b) a diabolical march
Which term describes a one-movement work possibly written to introduce a larger work, but played independently. a) symphonic poem b) concert overture c) program symphony
b) concert overture
Instrumental music that has some literary or pictorial association is called. a) absolute music b) program music c) aleatoric music
b) program music
Which instrument family first introduces the river theme? a) woodwinds b) strings c) brass
b) strings
Which category of program music best describes The Moldau? a) incidental music b) symphonic poem c) program symphony
b) symphonic poem
The main theme, heard transformed in each movement of the Symphonie fantastique, is called: a) the subject. b) the idée fixe c) the Dies irae.
b) the idée fixe
The chief difference between a symphonic poem and a program symphony is: a) the nature of the program. b) the number of movements in the work. c) the number of musicians involved.
b) the number of movements in the work.
In Vienna, Haydn and Mozart
became close friends.
The opening melody of Bach's Brandenburg Concerto No. 5:
becomes more and more complicated as it goes along.
In music, the term texture refers to the
blend of sounds or melodic lines occurring simultaneously in music
A modulation from the home key to a new key in the exposition of a sonata form movement takes place in the
bridge.
A transitional passage that leads to a contrasting section is called a
bridge.
Antonín Dvorák represents the: a) Russian nationalist school. b) Polish nationalist school. c) Bohemian nationalist school.
c) Bohemian nationalist school. a Czech composer of the late Romantic music, who employed the idioms of the folk music of Moravia and his native Bohemia. Dvořák's own style is sometimes called "romantic-classicist synthesis"
Composers expressed their nationalism through music by basing their compositions on: a) songs and dances of their people. b) the celebration of a national hero, event, or place. c) both a and b.
c) both a and b. Songs and dances of their people AND the celebration of a national hero, event, or place.
Mendelssohn's music for Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream is a famous example of: a) a program symphony. b) a tone poem. c) incidental music
c) incidental music
Which of the following is a type of program music written to accompany plays? a) program symphony b) symphonic poem c) incidental music
c) incidental music
Mendelssohn's music for Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream is a famous example of: a) a program symphony. b) a tone poem. c) incidental music.
c) incidental music. Incidental music is music in a play, television program, radio program, video game, film or some other form not primarily musical. The term is less frequently applied to film music, with such music being referred to instead as the "film score" or "soundtrack".
Which type of program best describes Smetana's The Moldau? a) literary, based on a play or novel b) philosophical, based on a conceptual idea c) pictorial, depicting actual events or places
c) pictorial, depicting actual events or places
The inspiration for Berlioz's Symphonie fantastique was: a) the composer Clara Schumann. b) the writer George Sand. c) the actress Harriet Smithson.
c) the actress Harriet Smithson.
In which movement is the Dies irae (Day of Wrath) theme from the Mass for the Dead heard? a) the first b) the fourth c) the fifth
c) the fifth
In which movement is the Dies irae (Day of Wrath) theme from the Mass for the Dead heard? a) the first b) the fourth c) the fifth
c) the fifth
The moments at the end of phrases where a melody pauses or stops altogether are called
cadences
A brilliant solo section in a concerto designed to display the performer's virtuosity is called a
cadenza
We have a record of Beethoven's struggle with his musical material because of his habit of
carrying musical sketchbooks.
Groupings of several pitches sounded simultaneously are referred to as
chords
During the early Middle Ages, the institution(s) that preserved written records of its(their) culture, including music, was(were) the:
christian church
Political and economic power shifted to the middle class from the aristocracy and the
church.
The musical heir of Haydn and Mozart, Beethoven bridged the ________ and __________ periods.
classical, romantic
Most tunes have a high point. The musical term for this is
climax
The three main sections of a sonata-form movement are often followed by a concluding section known as the
coda.
Romantic treatment of tone color included:
combining and blending different instrumental tone colors in innovative ways
In composing music, Mozart
composed extended works completely in his mind.
Increasingly, the focal point for the performance of Romantic music was the
concert hall
Oxford, England, was the location of Europe's first
concert hall
The Venetian composer Antonio Vivaldi is especially remembered for his:
concertos
A chord that creates a sense of rest can be described as
consonant
The term concerto comes from the Latin word concertare, which indicates in the concerto grosso a:
contest between soloists and orchestra.
A section of a fugue in which new, contrasting material is presented is a(n):
countersubject
The minuet first appeared around 1650 as a(n)
dance at the court of Louis XIV of France.
mozart don giovanni
dark comedy, serious roles and comedy roles
Beethoven greatly expanded the _____________ section of the sonata-form movement and made it more dramatic.
development
Define development
develops themes from expositions, heightens tensions, modulates frequently, retransition returns to first key
What is the correct order from lowest range to highest range in the violin family?
double bass, cello, viola, violin
The double bass in the classical orchestra, as in Mozart's Eine Kleine Nachtmusik, usually
doubles the cello part an octave lower.
The meter of the first movement of Bach's Brandenburg Concerto No. 5 is:
duple
Beethoven, in comparison with earlier composers, was far more extensive and explicit in marking __________ in his scores.
dynamics
Mozart's trips to Italy
enabled him to study and master the Italian operatic style.
The section of a fugue in which all subject entries first occur is the:
exposition
The usual order of movements in a classical symphony is
fast, slow, dance-related, fast
The usual order of movements in a classical symphony is
fast, slow, dance-related, fast.
A typical sequence of movements in a classical concerto is
fast, slow, fast.
The usual order of movements in a classical string quartet is
fast, slow, minuet or scherzo, fast.
A pause in the score of a concerto is indicated by a
fermata.
The Middle Ages, or medieval era, covers the time period of the:
fifth century to the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.
Because of its character, the rondo most often serves as a
finale.
Mozart's Requiem was
finished by one of his pupils.
Define recapitulation
first theme again and second both in the original theme, resolves the tension, tonic key(home key)
Opera began in:
florence around 1600
Instruments heard in the first movement of Bach's Brandenburg Concerto No. 5 are:
flute, violin, harpsichord, and string orchestra.
In the classical period, serious composition was flavored by
folk and popular music
Classical chamber music is designed
for the intimate setting of a small room.
The arrangement, relationship, or organization of elements in music is called
form
Miniatures were given all of the following titles except:
formal titles such as sonata or rondo
Beethoven's Ninth Symphony is unusual in that it is scored for ____________ as well as orchestra.
four vocal soloists and a chorus
Romantic treatment of form
free and spontaneous
The scientific term for the speed or rate of the vibrations of sound is
frequency
The 2 descriptions applicable to most Classical music are:
full of "natural" simplicity and pleasing variety
The 18th century salon was a
gathering in a home
In the classical orchestra, the woodwind and brass instruments
had clearly defined roles
An instrument from the Baroque period that has been revived is the:
harsipchord
The first movement of a classical concerto
has two expositions.
Chamber music is characterized by
having one performer per part
Pitch is the quality of
highness or lowness of a sound
The predominant texture of Classical music
homophony
Which texture gained prominence in seventeenth-century Venice?
homophony
The return of the main theme in rondo form is all the more welcome because it is usually
in the tonic key.
Mozart's German operas are different from his Italian ones in that the German works
include spoken dialogue.
In 19th century opera, the orchestra:
increased in importance, sometimes providing special effects and overshadowing the voices
A classical concerto is a three-movement work for
instrumental soloist and orchestra.
The slow movement of a classical symphony
is generally not in the tonic key.
Mozart's Symphony No. 40
is one of his last three symphonies.
A major factor that distinguishes chamber music from the symphony or concerto is that chamber music
is performed by one player per part.
The chant in "Alleluia Diffusa est gratia," sung by the lowest voice, at times:
is reduced to a series of lengthy drones.
The main theme of the rondo
is usually in the tonic key.
Unity is achieved in the classical symphony partly by the use of the same
key in three of its four movements.
Compared to the Classical orchestra, the typical Romantic orchestra was:
larger and blended tone colors in new ways
What musical genres became established on the concert stage by the end of the 19th century?
lieder and string quartets
What was the most "advanced" form in late Renaissance music?
madrigal
The fugue subject is the:
main theme or melody
Giving the beat an accent means
making some of the beats more emphatic than others
The performing forces in "Alleluia. Diffusa est gratia" are:
male voices, unaccompanied.
5 elements of music
melody, harmony, ryhthm, form, expression.
Most of the music of medieval times that has been preserved for us was written down by:
members of religious orders
"In paradisum" is sung by:
mens voices
The classical concerto differs from the symphony in that it does not have a ___________ movement.
minuet or scherzo
The symphonic movement usually lacking in the concerto is the
minuet or scherzo.
The role of a chant in church services defines the chant's:
mode
Moving from one key to another in the middle of a composition is called
modulation
When you sing in the shower, the texture is most likely to be
monophonic
Which textures do you hear in "Alleluia. Diffusa est gratia"?
monophony, then organum, then monophony
In composing Romantic "grandiose" composition, composers created works with
more movements and increased performing forces
In the first movement of Bach's Brandenburg Concerto No. 5, the mode is:
mostly major with a couple of minor spots
The shortest identifiable melodic idea is called a
motive
Short musical ideas or fragments of themes that are developed within a composition are called
motives.
The scherzo differs from the minuet in that it
moves more quickly.
In the 19th century, which of the arts was believed to be most capable of expressing inner experience and emotion?
music
Who composed "In paradisum"?
not known
In Beethoven's music, the coda is
often expanded and serves to develop themes further.
Mozart composed his Requiem
on commission from a stranger.
What are the four movements of a symphony?
opening movement, slow movement, minuet, closing movement
The recitative "There were shepherds" is part of a(n):
oratio
The most versatile medium for Classical composers was the
orchestra
The rise of public concerts gave a special boost to the composition of
orchestral music
What was the earliest type of polyphony called?
organum
A piano sonata is a musical composition in two or more movements for
piano
A piano sonata is a musical composition in two or more movements for
piano.
Mozart and Beethoven wrote a number of concertos for their favorite solo instrument, the
piano.
The favored solo instrument in the classical concerto was the
piano.
Another term for Gregorian chant is:
plainchant
The single-line melodies of the early Christian church are known as:
plainchant
In Bach's Brandenburg Concerto No. 5, the harpsichord player:
plays both solos and continuo.
Music during the enlightenment was meant to:
please and entertain
Which best describes the dualism found in Baroque art and music?
pomp and extravagance versus system and calculation
Who is traditionally associated with collecting and codifying the chants of the church?
pope gregory i
Which were sometimes included in Classical symphonies?
popular tunes
Define exposition
presents main themes of the movement, established conflict between tow primary keys, is usually repeated, may be preceded by slow introduction, start at the tonic, at the end there is a strong cadence
Music without singing but derived from a poem, story, or other literary source is
program music
Sonata form consists of three main sections: exposition, development, and
recapitulation
What was the result of the new sociology and economy of music in the mid-18th century?
regular public concerts with subscription ticket sales
The type of music most likely to be written down in the Middle Ages was:
religious music
At the end of a classical exposition there usually is a
repeat sign.
Each successive variation in a theme with variations
retains some elements of the theme.
The broad term for the time aspect of music is
rhythm
In the classical period, comic operas sometimes
ridiculed the aristocracy.
The term for the initial orchestral melody in a concerto grosso that returns from time to time is:
ritornello
What is the form of the first movement of Bach's Brandenburg Concerto No. 5?
ritornello
The most important form of classical chamber music is the
string quartet.
The musical term applied to flexibility in rhythm is:
rubato
"Alleluia. Diffusa est gratia" is:
sacred
Though, there are exceptions, music in minor mode can sometimes be describes as ________, whereas that in major mode can sometimes be described as __________.
sad;happy
In many of Beethoven's works there is a ______ movement instead of the minuet.
scherzo
In many of Beethoven's works, there is a _______ movement instead of the minuet.
scherzo
What is scherzo?
scherzo is like a very fast part of the music in the third movement
The _________ movement of Haydn's Surprise Symphony is in theme-and-variations form.
second
Unlike the other movements in the symphony, the _____________ movement is generally not in the tonic key.
second
The lyrical slow movement of a symphony is most often the
second.
A melodic pattern of pitches that is repeated at different pitch levels called a
sequence
A _____________ is a musical composition that is usually light in mood, and meant for evening entertainment.
serenade
Joseph Haydn was content to spend most of his life
serving a wealthy aristocratic family.
Define harmony
simultaneous sounding of different pitches
Define Monophony
single, unaccompanied melody
How would you characterize the mood of "In paradisum"?
slow and solemn
ABA form is typical of the minuet or scherzo movement and is also common in the
slow movement.
In the last line of "In paradisum," the last syllable of the word aeternam:
slowly rises and falls in pitch.
The classical concerto is a large-scale work in three movements for
solo instrument and orchestra
The first movement of a classical symphony is almost always fast, and in _____ form.
sonata
A symphony is a
sonata for orchestra
A symphony is a
sonata for orchestra.
In the early Baroque period, composers subdivided choirs in order to exploit more:
sonorous effects
Music can be defined as the art of
sound in time
Typical in classical music, the string bass part in Mozart's Eine Kleine Nachtmusik
sounds an octave lower than the cello part.
The character of the minuet is best described as
stately and dignified
The character of the minuet is best described as
stately and dignified.
Along with his symphonies, Haydn's ___________ are considered his most important works.
string quartets
Beethoven's sixteen __________ are generally considered among the greatest music ever composed.
string quartets
The typical orchestra of the classical period consisted of
strings and pairs of woodwinds, horns, trumpets, and timpani
The typical orchestra of the classical period consisted of
strings, pairs of woodwinds, horns, trumpets, and timpani.
The main function of the brass section in a Classical orchestra was to
support the main harmonies
The 18th century public concert included principally
symphonies and orchestras
Haydn was a prolific composer, as demonstrated in part by his 68 string quartets and 104
symphonies.
The outstanding element of a fugue is:
systematized imitative polyphony.
The early history of Western music was dominated by:
the Christian church.
a craftsperson creating a product on demand
the baroque composer was considered by contemporaries to be:
In the recapitulation of a sonata-form movement
the closing section is in the tonic key.
Define style
the combination of qualities that make a period of art, a composer, agroup of works, or an individual work distinctive
The important new member of the Romantic orchestra was:
the conductor
A feeling of harmonic tension and forward motion is created in the exposition of a sonata form movement by
the conflict of tonalities between the first and second themes.
The quality most prized by Romantic artist was:
the integrity of the expression of individual feeling
Don Giovanni, in Mozart's opera of that name, is
the legendary Spanish lover.
A lengthy ceremony that might happen more than once a day in cathedrals and monasteries is known as:
the mass
Homophony occurs when
the melody is heard in one line and the other parts have clearly less important material that forms an accompaniment
Form
the pattern of musical material (How to tell the differenc b/w waltz and symphony)
which is a musical innovation of eighteenth-century Western society?
the public concert
In the exposition of a sonata-form movement
the second theme is in a new key.
What was the main force for musical composers in the classical period?
the symphony
The technique of having the same theme fragment appear with some sort of variation at loosely recurring intervals is:
thematic transformation
The form known as minuet and trio is employed as the __________ movement of classical symphonies, string quartets, and other works.
third
The minuet is generally the _________ movement of a classical symphony.
third
The movement of a sonata-type composition that is often patterned after a dance is the
third.
A string quartet is a musical composition for
two violins, viola, and cello
The classical string quartet is a musical composition for
two violins, viola, and cello
The term Romantic was:
used by writers of literature in the 19th century and adopted by musicians
What is chromaticism
using all twelve notes of the scale liberally
What compositional practice by composers disappeared during the classical era?
using continuo to suggest the harmony
All of the following are characteristics of thematic unity in Romantic symphony music EXCEPT:
using the same themes in several symphonies
Define imitative polyphony
various lines sounding together use the same or fairly similar melodies
The piano trio is a musical composition for
violin, cello, and piano.
Miniatures were usually written for
voice and piano, or piano alone
Between the ages of six and fifteen, Mozart
was continually on tour in England and Europe.
Define non imitative polyphony
when the melodies are different from one another
Define Polyphony
when two or more melodies are played or sung simultaneously
the display of strong emotions in drama
which is a characteristic of Baroque theater that made it appealing to Baroque audiences and composers of opera?
How are classical themes "closed off"?
with multiple cadences
At the end of the Renaissance an influential group of Florentines reacted against the madrigal because of its:
word painting