FCS ch 19

Because of his heavy drinking, Brian is at highest risk of what condition?

hypoglycemia

The immediate concerns that the nurse must recognize when caring for a patient who has had a liver transplant are organ rejection and _____.

infection

A primary cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver is _____.

insulin resistance

The nurse notes that a patient with liver disease has had nausea and vomiting. This is most likely a side effect of _____.

lactulose

Most alcohol metabolism takes place in the _____.

liver

A patient is admitted to the hospital with decreased albumin, elevated alkaline phosphatase, and elevated bilirubin. The nurse recognizes these clinical findings as evidence of _____.

liver disease

The most common complication of alcohol abuse is _____.

liver disease

Ascites is exacerbated by _____.

low plasma albumin levels

To improve Mr. Jamison's appetite, his physician may prescribe _____.

megestrol acetate

Kim is a 27-year-old well-nourished female who has been diagnosed with hepatitis A. Which nutrition intervention is most appropriate for Kim?

no dietary change is needed

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that a healthy limit of alcohol intake for Brian would be _____.

no more than two drinks per day

The beneficial effects of moderate alcohol intake are mainly seen in _____.

older people with risk factors for heart disease

If a patient with ascites does not respond to sodium restriction and diuretic therapy, excess fluid may be removed from the abdomen by _____.

paracentesis

When blood flow is impeded in a cirrhotic liver, it causes _____.

portal hypertension

Due to the stress of surgery, liver transplant patients require extra _____ in their postoperative diets.

protein

Hepatitis is most often treated with _____.

rest and a supportive diet

A patient with liver disease is having laboratory testing. The nurse understands that the normal range of albumin would be _____.

3.4-4.8 g/dL

In patients with fat malabsorption, fat intake may be restricted to less than _____ percent of total kcalories or as necessary to control steatorrhea.

30

The drug _____ is an alternative treatment for elevated ammonia associated with cirrhosis that works by altering bacterial populations.

rifaximin

The dietitian assesses Mr. Jamison's protein needs based on an appropriate weight for his height and estimates that he requires _____ grams of protein per day.

56-83

Persons using potassium-sparing diuretics should be cautioned about consuming _____.

salt substitutes

Although Brian has not gained weight recently, he remains slightly overweight. How many kcalories per gram does alcohol provide as a source of energy?

7

Nutritional support for hepatitis includes counseling patients to avoid _____.

alcohol

The most common conditions that precede liver transplantation are chronic hepatitis C infection and _____.

alcoholic liver disease

Rapid weight loss aids in the recovery from liver disease.

false

The blood vessels that carry nutrients from the digestive tract to the liver are called collaterals.

false

One alcoholic drink that contains about half an ounce of pure alcohol is equivalent to _____ ounces of beer.

12

The hepatic portal vein and the hepatic artery together supply approximately _____ mL of blood each minute to the extensive network of vessels in the liver.

1500

Brian asks if he can take acetaminophen to relieve his muscle aches. The doctor replies _____.

"Yes, if you abstain from drinking alcohol that day"

The chief causes of hepatic encephalopathy in the United States are alcoholic liver disease and chronic hepatitis C infection.

false

The most common cause of infection with acute hepatitis A virus is _____.

fecal-oral contamination

What best describes a clinical effect of liver cirrhosis?

hand tremor

What laboratory test would most likely be elevated in Mr. Jamison?

Ammonia

If Mr. Jamison develops advanced cirrhosis, what potential complication may he develop?

Anemia

A nurse is working with a patient whom she suspects is suffering from hepatic encephalopathy. What sign or symptom most likely indicates early stages of the disease?

Depression

A client with cirrhosis who develops changes in personality and motor function may be exhibiting early symptoms of _____.

hepatic encephalopathy

What signs or symptoms best describe ascites?

Fluid accumulation in the abdomen

What food would most likely be suggested for a patient who is experiencing wasting and steatorrhea?

Fruit canned in heavy syrup

The nurse is working with a patient who has liver cirrhosis and who is malnourished. What describes the most appropriate type of nutrition support for this client?

High-kcalorie, high-protein diet

In many individuals, fatty liver may be associated with steatohepatitis and _____.

hepatomegaly

Due to the risk of foodborne illness, what food should Mr. Jamison avoid?

Unpasteurized milk

A nurse is caring for a patient who is recovering from a liver transplant. Because the patient is at higher risk of foodborne illness, the nurse should educate the patient by giving him which information?

Wash fresh produce before eating

Furosemide is what type of drug that may be used to treat the symptoms of cirrhosis?

diuretic

Mrs. Juarez is diagnosed with cirrhosis and has developed ascites. Her appetite is poor and she is losing weight. The nurse realizes that she is at risk for malnutrition and encourages Mrs. Juarez to _____.

eat four to six times per day

Patients with cirrhosis require _____ in order to prevent wasting.

extra kcalories

All patients with cirrhosis should be placed on fat-restricted diets to reduce further liver damage.

false

Because alcohol consumption can reduce the risk of developing some types of chronic disease, medical personnel should recommend that non-drinkers begin drinking alcohol occasionally to reduce their health risks.

false

Eating well and taking supplements of protein, vitamins, and minerals protect the body from harmful effects of alcohol.

false

Evaluating nutrition status in liver transplant candidates is relatively easy because liver dysfunction and malnutrition often have similar metabolic effects.

false

Hepatomegaly refers to a surgical puncture of a body cavity with an aspirator to draw out excess fluid.

false

Patients with ascites generally must restrict their intake of _____.

sodium

An important consideration in the diet of a patient with esophageal varices is to provide a _____.

soft diet

Mr. Rahman is an alcoholic patient with cirrhosis. He is malnourished and is experiencing protein catabolism. What action is most important to minimize the loss of lean body mass?

take in adequate kcalories and increase protein intake

Following a liver transplant, immunosuppressive drugs are given to reduce the immune responses that cause rejection. The nurse recognizes that these drugs can affect nutrition status because of their effects on _____.

the gastrointestinal tract

Many nutrients are adversely affected by heavy drinking. The doctor cautions Brian to take a multivitamin-mineral supplement and to be aware that heavy drinking can reduce absorption of _____.

thiamin

A patient with cirrhosis may present with no symptoms.

true

Dietary sodium restriction is a significant part of the treatment for ascites.

true

Diuretics are often prescribed to control ascites.

true

High-fat foods may be restricted in patients with cirrhosis who are experiencing steatorrhea.

true

Many patients with cirrhosis require medication or insulin to control hyperglycemia.

true

People with malnutrition may experience fatty liver.

true

Protein and energy requirements are increased after transplantation due to the stress of surgery.

true

In liver disease, blood ammonia levels rise because the liver cannot convert the ammonia to _____.

urea

The nurse understands that _____ may not be a good indicator of nutritional status in patients with ascites

weight

Initial symptoms of cirrhosis are usually nonspecific and may include fatigue, malaise, and _____.

weight loss